To investigate the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the proliferation and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells, human retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) were cultured from normal adults who, died accidentally. The effects of PDTC on the proliferation of RPE cells were examined by using methyl thiazlyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The effects of PDTC on the PCNA expression of RPE cells were immunohistochemically examined by employing biological image analysis system (BIAS). After treatment with PDTC of various of concentration ranging from 0.062 to 1 g/L for 24 h, or concentrations ranging from 0.031 to 1 g/L, the proliferation of RPE cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment with PDTC of concentration varying from 0.062 to 1 g/L for 24 h, the PCNA expression was also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that PDTC can inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells in vitro in a dose-and time-dependent manner, at least in part, by down-regulating the expression of PCNA. PDTC may be used to prevent and treat the proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

The incidence of birth defect in China is still high,which is not only affected by genetic factors,but also affected by heavy metals in surrounding that prejudices foetus' normal development.Heavy metal is a kind of inorganic pollutants with high toxicity.Excessive intake of lead,cadmium,arsenic or mercury,and the insufficient intake of zinc,calcium and copper may both lead to at least 1 kind of birth defect.The interactions between heavy metals also affect the outcomes of pregnancy.This paper reviewed different relationships between heavy metals and birth defect recording to relevant achievements such as animal experimentations and epidemiologic study made by researches from at home and abroad in recent years.It is advised to intake adequate zinc and copper and avoid being exposed to harmful metals to make sure the effective reduction of the incidences of birth defects.This paper will also point out the direction of future research about the relationship among the birth defects and heavy metal.

Objective To understand whether Imarcaptoacetate dioctyltin(IMA) is a environmental endocrine disruptor or not. Methods The new born Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including positive control group, negative control group and four experimental groups. The rats in the experimental groups were given IMA at different concentrations (0.100 0, 0.010 0, 0.001 0, 0.000 1 ?g/10 g) 1/1 000 000 by hypodermic injection, the rats in the negative control group were treated with corn oil and those in the positive control group were treated with dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTD) at concentration of 0.001 ?g/10 g bw. The rats were injected one time each day for five consecutive days. After one and half months, the levels of T, LH and FSH in the blood, the weight of the testicles, ovaries and the sexual organ exponent were determined. The pathological examination on some samples was conducted. Results In both of female and male, the levels of T in IMA treated rats were significantly increased and showed an doge-effect relationship (P0.05). The exponents of the testicles were different among groups (P

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between axial length ( AL ) , corneal and lens refractive power, and the refractive error in children.
METHODS:Totally 44 children 88 eyes with refractive error who underwent retinoscopy with cycloplegia, to be measured spherical equivalent refractive error. Axial length was measured by a noncontact optical biometry ( ZEISS IOL-Master) , and corneal K and anterior chamber depth ( ACD) were also measured by the same machine. The refractive power of the lens was calculated by using the SRK formula. The patients were divided into 3 groups, myopia (SE<0), hyperopia (SE>+0. 50D) and emmetropia ( 0 to + 0. 50D ). Linear Correlation and Regression were used to evaluate the correlation among the optical parameters.
RESULTS:Totally 44 subjects, 88 eyes, average 9. 04±2.39 years, spherical equivalent (SE) -3. 50D to +8. 75D. Hyperopic AL was shorter than the other two groups ( P<0.05), same trend in lens power. No significant differences among the 3 groups in corneal K and ACD. There was a negative correlation between age and SE, SE and AL, SE and lens refractive power, and there was a positive correlation between age and AL, age and lens power.
CONCLUSION:As the children's growing up, SE trends to myopia, and AL becomes longer, and lens power is stronger.

Purpose　The aim is to optimize the liquid culture conditions of dihydropyrimidinase producing strain Pseudomonas putida 9801. Methods　Plackett-Burman design and spherical symmetric desig n were used.Results　Optimum conditions for dihydropyrimidinas e formation of Pseudomonas putida 9801 were defined:yeast extract 2.39%, Glu cose 1.81%,Uracil 0.06%,K2HPO4*3H2O 0.2%, MgCl2*6H2O 0.05%and NaCl 0 .3%,when the strain was cultured at 32℃ for 10 h,about 3.02 units/ml of hydanto inase was obtained. This value was quite consistent with the theory value(2.91 u nits/ml).Conclusion　The liquid culture conditions of dihydrop yrimidinase producing strain were optimized.

Objective To explore the effect of inhaled ambroxol hydrochloride(mucosolvan) and budesonide suspension(pulmicort respules) on the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods Ninty-two preterm infants without asphyxia and mother suffered from illness,were selected from neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) in Jiangyin hospital from Oct.2003 to Mar.2006.Their gestational age ranged from 29 to 33 weeks and they were all cured within 2 hours after birth.They were divided randomly into treatment group(group A) and control group(group B) at equal number.All of them were given oxygen treatment,aminophylline,VitK1,nutrition support treatment and kept in infant incubator.Every 8 hours,inhaled ambroxol hydrochloride(10 mg/kg) and budesonide suspension(0.25 mg) driven by oxygen were given to group A.Meanwhile,only ambroxol hydrochloride(10 mg/kg) were given to group B.After 3 days,the data of p(O2) and p(CO2) of premature were detected at d1,2,3 in 2 groups.Result At d2,d3,the arterial blood P(O2) in group A were(8.01?0.62),(9.25?0.76)kPa respectively;At d2,d3,arterial blood P(O2) value in group B were respectively(7.63?0.59)kPa,(8.75?0.63)kPa.By that statistics handles two set of preemie d2,d3 arterial blood P(O2)value,difference had notable.Group A preemie d2,d3 arterial blood P(CO2) value were respectively:(4.55?0.58),(4.20?0.51)kPa;group B preemie d2,d3 arterial blood P(CO2) value were(4.87?0.67)kPa,(4.44?0.59)kPa respectively.By that statistics handles two set of preemie d2,d3 arterial blood P(CO2) value,difference had notable.Conclusion Inhaled ambroxol hydrochloride and budesonide suspension treatment has be well effect in NRDS.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate the expression of midkine (MK) and microvessel density (MVD) in patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and its clinical significance, as well as detect the correlation between the expression of MK and MVD in SACC.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry analysis (SP method) for MK and MVD were performed on 60 cases of SACC and 26 cases of normal salivary gland tissue. The expression of MK and MVD, as well as the correlation between the expression of MK and MVD in SACC were detected.

RESULTSIn SACC, the MK expression rate was 70.0% (42/60), and MK was not expressed in normal tissue. Statistical significance was found between SACC and normal tissue (P<0.05). The MVD values in SACC and normal salivary gland tissues were 38.73 +/- 8.96 and 11.15 +/- 3.33, respectively. These values were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of MK and MVD were unrelated to age, gender, and type in SACC (P>0.05), but correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis in SACC (P<0.05). The expression of MK and MVD was positively correlated with SACC (r=0.560, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSACC is correlated with the expression of MK protein and the increase in MVD, which may be some of the early diagnostic markers in SACC.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Microvessels ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Salivary Glands ; enzymology

Aim To study the immunomodulatory activity of total flavonoids of Litsea Coreana Leveille (LCTF) on cyclophosphamide(CY)-induced immunosuppressive mice. Methods CY (50 mg?kg-1) was administered by intraperitoneal(ip)injection for 2 consecutive days to induce immunosuppressive model. Carbon clearance, quantitative hemolysis and DNFB-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) were applied to assay effects of LCTF on nonspecific immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Results In carbon clearance test, the clearance index (K) and values of phagocytic index (?) were elevated by LCTF (200 and 400 mg?kg-1), indicating the phagocytosis of macrophages was enhanced in immunosuppressive mice.In quantitative hemolysis, productions of IgM and IgG in serum and hemolysin in splenocytes were enhanced in immunosuppressive mice by LCTF (100 and 200 mg?kg-1). LCTF (200 and 400 mg?kg-1) obviously increased DTH reactivity in immunosuppressive mice. LCTF not only increased percentages of T cells expressing CD4+ and CD8+,but also enhanced the ratio of the two subset of T lymphocyte,and LCTF (200 and 400 mg?kg-1) could also improve IL-2 production of spleen lymphocytes. Conclusion LCTF showed significant immunomodulatory property on immunosuppressive mice through specific and nonspecific immunity.

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of hesperidin (HDN) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats and its mechanisms.Methods Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured with volume meter. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation response induced by concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined with MTT assay. IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes and IL-1, IL-6,TNF-? productions of peritoneal macrophage (PM?) were determined by radio-immunity assay.IL-10 production of PM? was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 12th day after injection of FCA. At the same time (d 12), HDN (40,80,160 mg?kg-1,?12 d) were given to AA rats by intragastric administration. It was found that HDN(80, 160 mg?kg-1) could significantly inhibit the secondary paw swelling of AA rats from the 20 th day.The suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes in AA rats were reversed by treatment with HDN. Meanwhile,HDN could remarkably down-regulate IL-1,IL-6,TNF-? productions of PM? and up-regulate IL-10 production of PM?.Conclusions The results suggested that HDN had therapeutical effect on AA rats. Its mechanisms may be related to adjusting abnormal immune function in AA rats and keeping the balance of cytokine network.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of 64 multislice spiral CT (64-MSCT) and 1.5T MRI in nurseling with congenital vascular rings.
Methods:We retrospectively studied the diagnostic records of 64-MSCT and 1.5T MRI in 48 nurseling with congenital vascular rings. There were 42 cases received CTA, 12 received MRA and 6 received both CTA and MRA. We classiifed the types of vascular rings by Edwards sketch map of aortic arch embryonic development and trachea wrapping conditions. The diagnostic values of 64-MSCT and 1.5T MRI on vascular rings were compared.
Results: There were 25 patients with complete vascular rings including 3 of double aortic arch, 12 right aortic arch with left subclavian artery and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 9 combining with arterial ligament, 1 neck right aortic arch with left subclavian artery combining left PDA;and 23 patients with in-complete vascular rings including 2 pulmonary artery sling, 9 left aortic arch with right subclavian artery combining left PDA, 10 combining with arterial ligament, 1 right aortic arch with left subclavian artery combining right PDA, 1 with innominate artery compressed trachea. There were 32/48 patients combined with cardiac malformations, both 64-MSCT and 1.5T MRI may well reveal the composition and special relationship of vessel rings. The minimum intensity projection (MinIP) and air volume rendering (VR) of 64-MSCT may clearly display the morphology and development of trachea, image fusion technique could directly show the special relationships among vascular rings, trachea and esophagus. While 1.5T MRI was relatively poor to present tracheal image.
Conclusion: 64-MSCT could accurately and comprehensively display the special relationships among the vessels rings, trachea and esophagus;which was the best method for diagnosing the nurseling with vessel rings in clinical practice.