IrritabIe boweI syndrome( IBS)is caused by muItipIe factors,and the pathogenesis has not yet been cIarified. RecentIy,the roIe of brain-gut axis based bio-psycho-sociaI medicaI modeI in the pathogenesis of IBS has been wideIy accepted. Brain-gut axis forms a nerve-endocrine-immune network mediating bidirectionaI reguIation pathway,which pIays an important roIe in maintaining homeostasis between centraI nervous system and gut. Brain-gut axis abnormaIities may Iead to imbaIance of the homeostasis and subsequentIy induce the occurrence of IBS. This articIe reviewed the advances in study on brain-gut axis dysfunction in pathogenesis of IBS.

Aim To investigate the effect of TRPV4 on hepatic fibrosis of rats . Methods Liver fibrosis model of rats was induced by 50% CCl4 twice a week for 12 weeks. HE and Masson staining were used to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis, and the levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and TRPV4 were detec-ted in fibrotic liver tissue by Western blot. HSC-T6 cells were activated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1),and the protein levels of α-SMA, TRPV4 were detected by Western blot. After using Ru and transfected with TRPV4-siRNA, HSC-T6 was stimula-ted with TGF-β1, the levels of α-SMA, TRPV4 and phosphorylation level of Akt were determined by West-ern blot. Results TRPV4 was highly expressed in model liver tissues and in activated HSC-T6 induced by TGF-β1 . The levels of α-SMA and phosphorylation of Akt decreased in TGF-β1-induced HSC, used with Ru or transfected with TRPV4-siRNA. Conclusions The expression of TRPV4 increases in fibrotic livers and ac-tivated hepatic stellate cells. Knockdown of TRPV4 can suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells in-duced by TGF-β1 , and decrease the phosphorylation levels of Akt.

Objective To establish the acute hind limb ischemia on Wistar rat with diabetes mellitus.MethodsThirty diabetes rats were induced by intraperitoneal STZ (50 mg/kg) injection, as well as the blood glucose level tested over 16.8 mmol/L. The rats were ligated on the left femoral artery, then the blood perfusion on the hind limbs ischemia was measured by LDPI after the operation. Results The fasting plasma glucose level on 22 Wistar rats(81.5%) was kept above 16.8 mmol/L, and the hind limb blood perfusion would recover slowly to the level of the right side from 1 to 14 day (P

Objective To explore the effective method for preserving laryngeal function in the treatment of laryngeal cancer of T3 lesions. Methods Utilizing unilateral pedicled muscle-periosteal flap, 32 cases with laryngeal carcinoma of T3 lesions underwent extended vertical partial laryngectomy for laryngeal cavity structure after one-stage reconstruction. Results With 1-3 years postoperative follow-up, the patients had good pronunciation, unobstructed respiration and no tumor recurrence, with extubation rate of 100%. Conclusion It showed that treating patients with laryngeal carcinoma of T3 lesions with extended vertical partial laryngectomy using unilateral pedicled muscle-periosteal flap reconstruction for laryngeal cavity structure can remove tumor effectively and obtain the satisfactory respiratory pronunciation function. The method has a good clinical application prospect.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the serious complications of diabetes, is currently the world's second largest blinding disease. Early epidemiological data showed that the development is related to blood sugar level, diabetes duration, blood lipids, and other factors. In recent years, the correlation of gene polymorphism with DR received widespread attention. Accurately grasp the genetic mechanism in the process of development in the DR and the differences of expression, is of great significance to DR early diagnosis and prevention. So in this article, the progress of gene of DR were reviewed.

To study the clinical application of Jintian'ge capsule in treatment of vertebral compression fracture in senile osteoporosis patients. In the study, 69 senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients hospitalized in our hospital between January 2012 and June 2014 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Patients in the control group were treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), while those in the treatment group were given Jintian'ge capsule in addition to PKP. Efforts were made to visit the patients before the surgery and in three month after that, observe and compared the vertebral height, Cobb's angle, bone density, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index between patients in the two groups. According to the findings, compared with before the treatment, patients in the two groups showed significant improvements in the vertebral height, Cobb's angle, bone density, VAS and Oswestry disability index three months after the surgery (P < 0.05); During the visit three months after the treatment, compared with the control group, the treatment group showed notable increases in all parameters (P < 0.05), particularly in the vertebral height, VAS and Oswestry disability index (P < 0.05). Based on the above findings, Jintian'ge capsule is applicable in adjuvant therapy after the osteoporotic vertebral compression facture PKP surgery.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; complications ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Spinal Fractures ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the preparation and properties of alkalized shikonin liposome.Methods Alkalized shikonin was purified from extracts of radix lithospermi with an alkali solution and acid formulation, and then the alkalized shikonin liposome was prepared by ethanol injection.The morphology, particle size and Zeta potential were determined, and the encapsulation efficiency and the in vitro release property were investigated.The content of L-shikonin was also measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.Results Alkalized shikonin liposome presented even sphere and normal distribution with particle size of 104.2nm.The Zeta potential was-14.8mV.L-shikonin was linear in the range of 5-50mg/L with the correlation coefficient 0.999 9.The encapsulation efficiency was 43.67％.The final release rate was 65.82％.Conclusion Alkalized shikonin liposome was prepared successfully with good entrapment efficiency and in vitro release property.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pulmonary embolism complications following laparoscopic bile duct exploration.Methods The data of 201 cases undergoing laparoscopic bile duct exploration from June 2002 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Fourteen risk factors of pulmonary cmbolism complications were evaluated by univariate analysis using no conditional binary Logistic regression.Results 23 patients developed pulmonary embolism complications (11.4％).Age (≥60y),Diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,history of cerebral infarction,preoperative shock,time of operation,ambulation after operation (≥3 d) were significant risk factors of pulmonary embolism complications (P ＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,history of cerebral infarction,time of operation,ambulation after operation (≥ 3 d) as independent risk factors of pulmonary embolism complications (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,history of cerebral infarction,time of operation,ambulation after operation (≥ 3 d) are independent risk factors for pulmonary embolism complications following laparoscopic bile duct exploration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and clarify the key surgical techniques and evaluate clinical effectiveness of modular cementless femoral stems(LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom January 2002 to December 2013, 470 patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital received revision hip arthroplasties using MP stems. Among them, 246 patients were followed for an average of 5.7 years (ranged, 0.5 to 11 years). There were 148 males and 98 females, with an average age of 62.5 years old (ranged from 26 to 83 years old). The most common reason for revision was aseptic loosening of femoral stems (107 cases, 43.5%), followed by prosthetic joint infection (104 cases, 42.3%). Other reasons included unexplained hip or thigh pain, periprosthetic femoral fracture, prosthesis wear and dislocation. According to Paprosky classification of femoral deficiency, there were 171 cases of type IIIA (69.5%), 14 cases of type I, 39 cases of type II, and 22 cases of type IIIB. The average preoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was 37.4 ± 7.5. In addition, radiographic presentation, degree of patients' subjective satisfaction, and clinical effectiveness were assessed as well.

RESULTSThe average Harris score was im- proved to 87.8 ± 4.2 after operation,with significant statistical difference when compared to preoperative score (t = 92.13,P = 0.00). Analysis of patients' subjective satisfaction for leg length discrepancy, stability and overall degree of satisfaction showed that the number of patients with great satisfaction were 27, 60, 61 respectively. The most common complication was the periprosthetic fracture (intraoperatively 21 cases and postoperatively 8 cases). Other complications included infection (7 cases), dislocation (5 cases), numbness possibly caused by incomplete sciatic nerve injury (6 cases) and thigh swelling (3 cases). The X-ray taken at the final follow-up revealed that prosthesis subsidence occurred in 4 cases, 2 of which needed a second revision.

CONCLUSIONThe application of modular cementless femoral stems (LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty (especially in cases with the serious defect of proximal femoral bone) shows good results at both the short-term and long-term follow-up, especially in the revision for prosthetic infection with the high success rate. In order to avoid complications and improve clinical outcomes,the surgeons should carefully select proper surgery candidates,perform the procedure with care, and master the key surgical techniques.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy

Objective To investigate the changes of spontaneous activity of mesenteric nerve in guinea pig model with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS)and the response of mesenteric nerve to pressure and acid stimulation in order to clarify whether mesenteric nerve involves in the pathogenesis of the PI-IBS.Methods A total of 20 female adult guinea pigs were divided into PI-IBS group and control group,ten in each group.Guinea pigs of PI-IBS group were gastric lavaged with 8 000 to 10 000 Trichinella spiralis larves at a time,and were fed for six to eight weeks to establish PI-IBS model.The sample of proximal jejunum was taken and mesenteric nerves of guinea pigs of both groups were isolated.Spontaneous activity of mesenteric nerve was recorded in PI-IBS and control groups by extracellular electrophysiological recorder.The changes of mesenteric nerve activity were recorded after the intestine of two groups was stimulated with different dilation pressure (5 ,10,20 and 30 cmH2 O, 1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa)and different concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)solution (1 ,10,20 and 30 mmol/L).Unpaired t test was performed for the comparison between the two groups.Results The spontaneous discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve of PI-IBS group was (75 .98±14.01)Hz,while that of control group was (31 .36±4.71)Hz,which was,obviously lower than that of PI-IBS group (t =9.55 ,P <0.01).After the intestine of PI-IBS group was dilated with 5 ,10,20 and 30 cmH2 O pressure, the discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve increased by (36.21±12.41)Hz,(40.18±10.48)Hz,(45.72± 10.11)Hz,and (56.05 ±9.27)Hz than baseline,respectively;likewise,in control group,after dilated with same pressure,the discharge frequency increased by (20.00±5.28)Hz,(22.13 ±3.34)Hz,(28.55 ± 4.80)Hz and (35 .07±7.56)Hz than baseline,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of PI-IBS group (t=3.80,3.19,4.85 and 5 .55 ,P =0.028,0.006,0.009 and 0.003).After the intestin of PI-IBS group was stimulated with 1 ,10,20 and 30 mmol/L HCl,the discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve increased by (2.10±0.89 )Hz,(10.87 ±3.30 )Hz,(19.59 ±2.99 )Hz and (34.49 ±6.80)Hz after stimulation respectively,while in control group after stimulated with same concentrations of HCl, the discharge frequency increased by (0.26 ±0.21 )Hz,(5 .55 ±3.91 )Hz,(7.70 ±2.53)Hz,(14.90± 10.10)Hz,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of PI-IBS group (t=6.36,3.29,9.60 and 5.09;P =0.002,0.049,<0.01 and 0.005).Conclusion The spontaneous electric activity of mesenteric nerve of PI-IBS guinea pig model increased and was more sensitive to pressure and acid,which indicated that hypersensitivity of mesenteric nerve might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PI-IBS.