Objective To explore the clinical significance of APACHE Ⅱ score on risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods One hundred and forty-two patients with acute myocardial infarction were included in the study who were admitted to hospital consecutively from Jan.2011 to Dec.2012.High risk group and low risk group were divided by the APACHE Ⅱ score.Some clinical variables at the first 24 h after admitted to hospital and occurring during the following 1 year were recorded Results The age in high risk group was 78.9 ±8.1,significantly higher than that in low risk group (65.8 ± 10.2;t =6.835,P ＜ 0.001).The cases with Killip Ⅲ and Ⅳ in high risk group were 10(29.4％) and 2(1.8％),lower than in low risk group (6 (1.8％) and 0 (0％) ; x2 =21.950,15.777 ; P ＜ 0.005).The level of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ in high risk group were (147.7 ±21.5) U/L and (105.5 ± 17.6) U/L,higher than in low risk group((105.5 ± 17.6) U/L,(42.9 ± 6.3) U/L; t =11.541,5.785 ; P ＜ 0.001).The incidence of severe cardiac events(malignant arrhythmia,heart failure,non fatal myocardial infarction and death from any cause in high risk group were 58.8％ (20/34),47.0％ (16/34),17.6％ (6/34) and 17.6％ (6/34),higher than in low risk group (29.6％ (32/108),3.7％ (4/108),6.4％ (7/108) and 6.4％ (7/108) ; x2 =8.274,36.665,3.876 and 3.876 ; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion APACHE Ⅱ score is likely to be a simple and practical tool for risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To explore the incidence,features and outcomes of in-hospital sudden cardiac death (SCD) in order to determine the predictors of survival. Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with cardiac arrest hospitalized from January 2008 through December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Information on genders,age,types of arrhythmia was collected and further analyzed to determine these factors associated with the occurrence and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Results The overall incidence of SCD was 47.3 / 100 000 per year and 17.4％ of them.survived at discharge.The occurrence rate was higher in male than that in female (66.7％ vs.33.3％,P ＜0.01 ),whereas difference in gender did not affect the discharge rate ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Survivors from in-hospital cardiac arrest were significantly younger than non-survivors (man:62.57 ± 12.83 years vs.75.56 ± 10.55 years; women:60.36 ± 13.24years vs.69.53 ± 11.72 years,P ＜ O.01 ).From 62 ECG records of SCD patients,the incidence of nonshockable rhythms was higher than that of shockable rhythms.Compare to the non-shockable rhythms,the shockable rhythms brought a higher rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (54.5％ vs.24.5％,P ＜0.05),whereas survival rates at discharge between two groups were not statistically different ( 18.2％ vs.18.4％,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Non-shockable rhythms were more common in patients suffering from in-hospital cardiac arrest.Although defibrillation treatment contributed benefit to ROSC among patients with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia,high-quality CPR and post-cardiac arrest care may play a more critical role in the outcomes of in-hospital sudden cardiac death.

The fermentation conditions of alkaline lipase producing by Pseudomonas cepacia PCL-3 were optimized.Based on the analysis of single factorial experiments,dextrin was the most suitable carbon source,peptone and urea were the suitable compound nitrogen sources among the examined materials.Three significant factors(urea,inoculum and initial pH) were selected from the eight factors related to lipase production by Plaekett-Burman method,and were further optimized with response surface analysis.And then,steepest ascent procedures were applied to define the optimal response region of the three factors.The obtained optimal conditions were urea 0.15%,inoculum 3.05% and initial pH 8.38,under which conditions,the enzyme activity was improved from 25.37 U/ml to 48.88 U/ml,enhanced 1.93 folds.Starting from the flask conditions,the highest lipase activity of 47.69U/ml was achieved by batch fermentation in a 10 L fermentor after 52 h of the cultivation.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pathogens and risk factors of the catheterassociated infection (CAI) in emergency ICU (EICU) in order to design an appropriately therapeutic strategy for the future.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,a total of 1363 patients were enrolled for this retrospective study.Blood sample taken from the vein with indwelling catheterization and the tips of catheters cut in 5 cm after withdrawn from the veins in 1363 patients were collected for bacterial culture.Results Of 1363 catheters,pathogens were found in 147 (10.79％) after venous catheterization.The daily occurrences of CAI were 3.05 ones per 1000 catheters.Of 147 cases of infection,46.94％ pathogens were gram-negative bacilli,40.14％ gram-positive cocci,and 12.92％ fungi.Unconditional Logistic regression analysis suggested that repeated catheterization,femoral vein catheterization,the application of multi-lumen catheter and long-term indwelling catheterization were the independent risk factors responsible for CAI.Conclusions The risk factors responsible for catheter related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

With the economic development and the deepening of reform in China,more attention has been paid on health.Based on literature from Chinese Journal of Health Statistics in 2008,the number and ranks of practicing doctors,occupancy of hospital beds,the disease spectrums,outpatient per year were analyzed.The results hold it is better for the doctors to practice in more medical institutions.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy and synaptophysin (SYP) in cognitive impairment in de?pressed rats receiving electroconvulsive shock (ECS). Methods Clean and healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were acclimatized to a standard laboratory environment for 7 days. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish the rat model of depression. Behavior tests were conducted before and after CUMS to evaluate the depression and cognition level of rats. After establishment of the model, 24 rats were randomly divided into ESC group (group E) and depression group (group D) with 12 rats in each group. The rats in group E were administered 80 mg/kg of propofol (10 mg/mL) by intraperitoneal injection, followed by ECS treatment. The rats in group D were administered propofol by intra?peritoneal injection, followed by sham-ECS treatments. The above interventions were conducted daily for 7 consecutive days. After the interventions, rats underwent behavior tests as before. Subsequently, rats were killed and specimens were collected for measurements. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine autophagy markers such as Beclin 1 and LC3Ⅱand ELISA was used to detect SYP in the hippocampus. Results Group E after ECS significantly increased the percentage of sucrose preference (68.2%±8.7%), rearing times (7.0±1.9), total horizontal distance [(569.5±70.0) cm], es? cape latency [(21.9±5.3)s] and space exploration time [(20.5±3.9)s] compared with group D or group E before ECS. There was no significant difference in these index between groups before ECS or in group E between before and after ECS(P>0.05). Compared with group D, group E had upregulated protein expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3Ⅱin CA1, CA3, DG as well as the area near the hippocampus and increased SYP contents (P<0.05). Conclusions Cognitive impairment in depression rats following ECS correlates with activated autophagy and increased SYP by ECS.

In-vitro assay methods were established to evaluate transactivation and binding activity of compounds on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARγ). Firstly, plasmids were constructed for transactivation assay of PPARγ response element (PPRE) triggered reporter gene expression, and for cell-based binding activity assay of the chimeric receptor, which was fused with PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and yeast transcriptional activator Gal4. Secondly, by using PPARy competitive binding assay based on time resolved-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), affinities of compounds and drugs to PPARγ were evaluated. In application of these above methods, the PPARγ activating potency and characteristics of different compounds were evaluated, and a novel benzeneselfonamide derivative, ZLJ01, was found to have comparable binding activity and affinity with the well-known PPARy agonist, but lack of PPRE mediated transactivation activity. In preliminary study on in-vitro hypoglycemic activity, ZLJ1 was found to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by liver cells. Therefore, we believe that combining transactivation and binding activity as well as affinity evaluation, the system could be used to screen non-agonist PPARγ ligand as anovel PPARγ modulator
Genes, Reporter ; Hepatocytes ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemistry ; Ligands ; PPAR gamma ; agonists ; chemistry ; Plasmids ; Response Elements ; Sulfonamides ; chemistry ; Transcriptional Activation

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactates ; pharmacokinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Electromyography ; Female ; Hexanes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Poisoning ; diagnosis

Objective To study the characteristics of epidemiology among the emergency patients with acute drugs poisoning in emergency center of Fujian Province.Methods Retrospective study was used to collect data of patients with acute drugs poisoning from 2004 to 2009,and data of patients 'gender,age,cause of poisoning,poison type,emergency diagnosis,medical treatment,etc.were analyzed.Results The epidemiological reports of 744 cases of acute drugs poisoning patients were collcected from 2004 to 2009,the male-to-female ratio was 1:4.2,the average age was 33.0,high incidence group was at ages 18 ～29 (50.3％ ).The most visiting time was in Spring (April to June).Eighty-eight point three percentage of poisoning was intentional.Central nervous system drugs,in particular sedative/hypnotic drugs (64.5％ )was the most common agents associated with poisoning.The poisoned patients were divided into three groups with mild ( 51.5％ ),moderate ( 33.2％ ) and severe ( 15.3％ ) according to the patient' s condition.Thirty-seven percentage poisoned patients were discharged after treatment followed up for observation,and 28.3％ patients were hospitalized,no patients died.Conclusions The majority of acute drugs poisoning among patients from city were sedative/hypnotic drugs.Reasonable grading and different treatment according to the condition of acute drugs poisoning would be helpful to improve the survival rates of acute poisoning and reduce medical costs.