Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic effect of electronic dental anesthesia(EDA).　Methods: Sixty patients with dental caries in need of cavity preparation and 15 patients with pulpitis in need of pulp treatment were anesthetized with EDA, another 60 patients with dental caries in need of cavity preparation and 15 patients with pulpitis in need of pulp treatment were anesthetized with traditional local anesthesia(LA).　 Results: For patients with dental caries in need of cavity preparation, the effective rates in EDA group and LA group were 93.33% and 98.33% respectively(P>0.05).For patients with pulpitis in need of pulp treatment ,the effective rates in EDA group and LA group were 26.7% and 93.33% respectively(P<0.01).　Conclusions: EDA can be an effective analgesic method for cavity preparation, but not for pulp treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatible stability of ondansetron hydrochloride injection and carboplatin for injection.METHODS:The content of the mixture of ondansetron hydrochloride injection and carboplatin for injection was determined within8hours at a room termperature by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotography;its outward appearance was ob?served and the pH value of the mixture was determined.RESULTS:The appearance and pH value of the mixture had no distinct change.CONCLUSION:The mixture of ondansetron hydrochloride injection and carboplatin for injection was stable within8hours after interaction.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and toxic reaction of pemetrexed combination with carboplatin as the therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) of senium.Methods A total of 49 chemotherapy naive patients with ⅢB or Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolled in this study.Pemetrexed was given at a dose of 500mg/m2.Carboplatin dosed to an area under the time-concentration curve( AUC ) of 5.The chemotherapy was repeated every 21 days.Each patient was given at least 2 cycles.Results The curative effects of all the patients were evaluated.Among the 49 patients, the symptoms of 23 had been partially response ,21 stabilized and 5 progressed.The total effective rate was 46.9% ( 23/49 ).The efficiency of 68.2% in NSCLC with ⅢB phase were significantly higher than,29.6% in NSCLC with IV phase( X2 = 3.879, P < 0.05 ), Median time to progression (TIP) was 5.3 months.Median survival duration was 11.2 months( 3～ 21 months), and one year survival rate was 54.3%.The major toxicity included neutropenia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, impaired liver function, febrile neutropenia, etc.The severity of these side effect was in grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and well tolerated.Among 49 cases,23 cases of leukopenia(46.9% ) was significantly higher than that of nausea in 11 cases (22.4%), vomiting in 5 cases ( 10.0% ), abnormal liver function in 4 cases( 8.0% ).Fever in 1 case ( 2.0% ) ( X2 = 3.879, P < 0.05 ; X2 = 8.451,8.778,9.123,9.741, all P < 0.01 ).Conclusion Pemetrexed combination with carboplatin was effective in the first line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer,with mild to moderate side effect and safety in clinical practice.

0.05); in group C and D,there were still significant difference at 8 weeks. there were different histopatholog- ical changes in groups during the test. Conclusion:A mouse model of contusive spinal cord injury is a reasonable model and provides theory basis for SCI studies.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of CT-guided chemical thoracic sympathectomy(CTS) for Raynaud′s phenomenon in the upper limbs.Methods Ten patients with Raynaud′s phenomenon in 20 limbs were enrolled in this study.Among the patients,4 were recurrent cases,who had undergone X-ray-guided CTS.Under CT guidance,a needle was punctured through the back skin to the second or third thoracic sympathetic ganglion beside the thoracic vertebrae,and then 3 ml of 5% phenol was injected into each located point.Results After the treatment,10 limbs achieved excellent outcomes,3 were good,4 were improved,and 3 were non-effective.The totally effective rate was 85.0%(17/20).The effective rate was 92.9%(13/14) in the limbs with primary Raynaud′s phenomenon,66.7%(4/6) in those with secondary Raynaud′s phenomenon,and 75.0%(6/8) for the recurrent cases.No patient developed pneumothorax. Conclusions CT-guided CTS is a minimally invasive surgery for Raynaud′s phenomenon in upper limbs with a high effective rate.The procedures can be used to treat recurrent cases.

Objective:To provide anatomic basis for the location and protection of the tributaries of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the retroperitoneal surgery.Methods:Fifty adult cadavers fixed with formalin were collected at random for study.The IVC and its tributaries were dissected,observed and measured in the region from the confluence of the left and right common iliac vein to the superior border of left renal vein(the initiative segment of IVC).Results:(1)The length of this segment of IVC was 13.12+1.51cm,and outer-diameter was 2.25?0.24cm.The number of vein tributaries from this segment was 8.75?2.02,66.3% of the tributaries entered the IVC posteriorly,and 66.4% of the tributaries entered the IVC on renal region(renal segment of IVC i.e.segment from the inferior end of right kidney to the superior border of left renal vein).(2)Vein tributaries:①Right gonad vein:84.9% of these veins entered the IVC anteriorly.The average distance from the point where the right gonad vein entering the anterior wall of IVC was approximately 3.56?0.85cm away from the superior border of left renal vein.②Lumbar vein(100%):The location of the lumbar veins in the infrarenal portion of the IVC was highly variable.A great number of veins was noted on the left(3～4)than on the right side(2～3). The veins tended to enter the IVC at different levels and not in pairs.③Surgical vein of mesentery(86%):The average distance from the point where the surgical vein entered the left side of anterior wall of IVC to the superior border of left renal vein was approximatately 6.94?1.21cm.④Right suprarenal vein(20%).⑤Right assistant renal vein (25%)⑥Right vein around kidney (36%).⑦Right inferior phrenic vein (6%).Conclusion:The result provides further morphological basis for retroperitoneal surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the novel technique of carotid-carotid bypass combines with windowed stent-graft in the treatment of aneurysms at the aortic arch without thoracotomy. Methods:Firstly,a right to left common carotid artery bypass was established with a graft with rings.Then the stent-graft was windowed at the determined position.Finally,the stent-graft was deploied into the aortic arch to exclude the aneurysm with the anonyma maintained patent.Results: The grafts were patent,and no brain ischemia or cranial accident occurred.The left upper limbs maintained there function.The left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery were sealed.The aneurysms were occluded.Conclusions:The technique is a suitable method for the arch aneurysm,and is mini-invasive which may avoid of macro-trauma,large volume of blood loss, and the unstable of the blood dynaminc statement resulting from thoracotomy.The lumen of the aneurysm is still occluded thoroughly,and the procedure is simplified.But only a veteran endovascular doctor may control it safely.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen for pulmonary infection in cervical spinal cord inju-ry (CSCI) patients, and analyze the application of antibiotics. Methods From January, 2014 to June, 2015, 156 patients with CSCI were re-viewed. The bacteriology and drug resistance were investigated, as well as the application of antibiotics. Results There were 45 cases with nosocomial infection of 68 times, and 106 strains of bacteria in total. The top four Gram-negative pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia (17.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosae (15.1%), Encherichia coli (11.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (8.5%). The main Gram-positive cocci was Staphylococcus aureus (9.4%), and the main fungi was Candida tropicalis (0.7%). Gram-negative bacteria was resistant to the second or third generation cephalosporins and quinolones moderately or severely, but sensitive toβ-lactamase inhibitor combinations and aminoglyco-sides. The main Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin. The application of antibiotics needed to be improved. Conclusion The Gram-negative bacteria are the chief pathogen for pulmonary infection in CSCI patients, which show multiple drug-resistant. It is significant to monitor the drug resistance of bacteria and optimize antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the flora of pathogens and antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury. Methods From June, 2014 to June, 2015, 145 inpatients with urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury were reviewed. Results The main pathogenic germs were found as E. coli (48.9%), K. pneumonia (19.7%) and P. mirabilis (9.0%), and they were resistant to the second or third generation cephalosporins and quinolones moderately or severely, but sensitive toβ-lactamase inhibitor combinations and aminogly-cosides. The strategy of antibiotics need more reasonable. Conclusion The main pathogens in urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury are Gram-negative bacilli, that are resistant to antibiotics. The antibiotics should be selected and used rationally according to bacterial culture.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at points Taiyang and Fengchi on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and neural cell apoptosis during local cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rabbits and explore its protective action on nerve cells and the mechanism.Methods Rabbits were randomized into sham operation, model and acupuncture groups. Each group was randomly allocated to three time points: one, three and seven days. A rabbit model of local cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)using an intraluminal thread. Reperfusion was performed at two hours after cerebral ischemia. In the acupuncture groups, points Taiyang and Fengchi were electro-acupunctured at six hours after cerebral ischemia. Treatment was given once daily. The rabbits were sacrificed to take materials at one, three and seven days after reperfusion. Pathological changes in brain tissue were observed by HE staining. Cerebral HSP70 expression was determined by immunohistochemical method. Neural cell apoptosis was examined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results Pathological staining showed that cerebral infarction area decreased significantly, the number of nerve cells increased and inflammatory infiltration reduced at every time point in the acupuncture group of rabbits compared with the model group. The results of histochemical examination showed that HSP70 expression decreased in the sham operation group and increased in the model group. It increased significantly at every corresponding time point in the acupuncture group compared with the model group (P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells increased gradually with reperfusion prolongation and reached the peak at three hours in the model group. The number of apoptotic cells decreased significantly at every time point in the acupuncture group and there was a statistically significant difference by comparison with the model group (P<0.01).Conclusions Electroacupuncture at points Taiyang and Fengchi can increase cerebral HSP70 expression and decrease neural cell apoptosis to produce a nerve-protecting effect in rabbits with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.