0.05). Conclusion The birth injury has little impact on the apoptosis of urethral peripheral muscle cells,while the estrogen decrease may increase the cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the role of nentrophils in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Neutrophils were isolated from venous blood samples of 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (including 13 cases of active psoriasis and 12 cases of inactive psoriasis) as well as 25 normal human con-trols, and cultured. Then, these neutrophils were grouped and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 g/L),CpG-A (50 mg/L), CpG-B (50 mg/L), and RPMI 1640 culture medium, respectively, for 24 hours followed by the collection of culture supematants. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured in the presence of su-pematants of treated or untreated nentrophils for 72 hours followed by the detection of cell proliferation with MTT assay. To determine the role of proinflammatory factors, SOD/CAT and monoclonal antibody to IL-8 and TNF-alpha of 400 u/mL were used to pretreat HaCaT cells 1 hour prior to the stimulation with super-natants of neutrophils. Results Compared with culture medium, the supematant of unstimulated neutrophils from normal controls or patients with inactive psoriasis had no significant effect on the proliferation of HaCaT cells (P ＞ 0.05), but that from patients with active psoriasis markedly promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells (t = 2.41, P < 0.05). ARe, stimulation by LPS, CpG-A and CpG-B, the supematant of active patient-derived neutrophils significantly promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells compared with that of normal control-derived nentrophils (t = 3.11, 2.89, 2.29, respectively, all P < 0.05). In comparison with tmstimulated neutrophils, the supematant from LPS- and CpG-A stimulated nentrophiles significantly accelerated the pro-liferation of HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by the supematants of LPS-,CpG-A-, CpG-B-stimulated neutrophils from psoriatic patients was statistically suppressed by the pretreat-ment with the monoclonal antibody to IL-8, TNF-alpha and SOD/CAT (all P < 0.05). Conclusions In patients with psoriasis vulgaris, there is an abnormal secretion of IL-8, TNF-alpha and superoxide by neutrophils in peripheral blood, and these proinflammatory factors could promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation indices during the percutaneous cor-onary intervention(PCI), so as to provide evidence for anticoagulation therapy. Methods 34 acute coronary syn-drome patients were enrolled,whose blood sample was taken at baseline,1 h,4 h,24 h,and 48 h after PCI operation. Thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT), vWF, protein C, antithrombin, fibrinogen, D-dimer were tested. The result was processed by statistical software. Results After PCI, TAT continued to rise, protein C and antithrombin drop down,the vWF and D-dimer rose with TAT,and fibrinogen transiently drop down. Conclusion The thrombin pro-duces more quickly after PCI,its time phrase is coordinated with vWF and D-dimer,at the same time the anticoagula-tion system drops down. High anticoagulation at least maintains within 48 h and then tends to be normal.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of multiple-trough sampling design and nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) algorithm on the estimation of population and individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Oxcarbazepine and tacrolimus were used as one-compartment and two-compartment model drugs, respectively. Seven sampling designs were investigated using various number of trough concentrations per individual ranging from 1-4. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to produce state-steady trough concentrations. One-compartment model was used to fit simulated data from oxcarbazepine and tacrolimus. The accuracy and precision of the estimated parameters were evaluated using the median prediction error (PE), the median absolute PE and boxplot. The results indicated that trough concentrations could yield reliable estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F). For oxcarbazepine, as the number of trough concentrations per subject increased, the accuracy and precision of CL/F, between-subject variability (BSV) of CL/F and residual variability (RUV) tended to be improved. For tacrolimus, however, although no improvement were observed in the accuracy of CL/F and BSV of CL/F, the PE distribution ranges were significantly narrowed and the RUV estimates were less bias and imprecise. In terms of algorithm, Monte Carlo importance sampling (IMP) and IMP assisted by mode a posteriori estimation (IMPMAP) were consistently better than other methods. Additionally, the sampling design had no significant effects on the individual parameter estimates, which were only depended on the interaction between BSV and RUV in various algorithms. Decreased in BSV and RUV levels can improve the accuracy and precision of the estimation for both population and individual pharmacokinetic parameter estimates.
Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; Carbamazepine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Tacrolimus ; pharmacokinetics

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing ; drug effects ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects of type 2 diabetes on learning and memory of APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic (3 × Tg) mice of Alzheimer’s disease, and the protective mechanism of liraglutide (LIR) thereof. Methods One month old C57BL/6 mice were set to be control group (WT). One month old 3×Tg mice were divided into control group (Tg), liraglutide group (Tg+LIR), type 2 diabetes group (Tg+T2DM) and liraglutide treatment group (Tg+T2DM+LIR). The model of T2DM was established by feeding the high fat and sugar fodder, and then injecting streptozotocin (STZ) in mice, making sure the fasting blood glucose was more than 7 mmol/L. Then the subcutaneous injection of LIR was administered for 2 months. The values of body weight and fasting blood glucose were detected at age of 5-month. Morris water maze was applied to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability. Western blotting assay was used to measure the levels of phosphorylated Tau, neurofilament (NFs) and insulin receptor substrates. ELISA was used to detect the human Aβ42 to evaluate the effect of LIR on-amyloid. Results LIR can reduce body weight and blood glucose, can alleviate spatial learning and memory damaging caused by T2DM, and also can improve phosphorylated Tau levels, NFs and insulin receptor substrates caused by T2DM, and finally can reduce the deposition ofβ-amyloid of 3 × Tg mice. Conclusion T2DM can aggravate symptoms of AD in 3×Tg mice, and LIR has a protective effect on it.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of tumor associated gastrocolic fistula (GCF).Methods The records of the 4 patients with GCF between August 2008 to February 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Three female and one male patients,those whose average age were 61 years,have been pathologically diagnosed postoperatively as gastrocolic fistula caused by malignant diseases.The main clinical symptoms were diarrhea (3 cases),fecal vomitus (3 cases),weight loss (4 cases),and abdominal pain (4 cases).Positive diagnostic tests for GCF included gastroscope (3 cases),colonoscope (1 case),barium enema (1 case),upper gastrointestinal contrast (2 cases).Results En-bloc resection of the involved gastrocolic region have been performed for all,2 patients underwent radical gastrectomy and colon resection and 2 patients were taken on palliative procedure.Pathology indicated adenocarcinoma all,Immunohistochemical detection for CK20,CDX-2 were applied for identifying the originations of tumors.Delayed gastric emptying and DIC occurred in one patient who died in 3 months after the operation,anastomotic leakages were found in 2 cases.The survival patients were all discharged and taken capecitabine combined with Oxaliplatin for chemotherapy.Conclusions Endaoscopy and gastrointestinal imaging are main evidences for diagnosis of GCF.En-bloc resection of the involved gastrocolic region were recommended,enterostomy was safer than entero-anastomosis in one stage procedure.The originations of tumors may be identifying according to the pathological characteristic and CDX-2,CK20 staining.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be applied.

Objective:To investigate the regulation mechanisms of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on lymphocyte pro -liferation of type I diabetic rats .Methods:The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated , cultured and identified and the effect on lymphocyte proliferation of type Ⅰdiabetic rat was observed by MTT assay , and analyze the CD 4 +CD25 +regulatory T cell ra-tio, cell cycle and apoptosis of type I diabetes rat by flow cytometric .Results:B and C groups was significantly lower than the absor-bance values of group A,the differences between the data were statistically significant (P<0.05), C group was significantly lower than group B absorbance values, the difference was significant (P<0.05);the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells of B and C groups were sig-nificantly higher than group A, the differences of the data were statistically significant (P<0.05), the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cell ratio of C group significantly higher than that group B , the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);the apoptosis levels of B and C groups were significantly higher than group A , the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), the apoptosis levels of C group were significantly higher in group B , the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells can significantly inhibit lymphocyte proliferation of type Ⅰdiabetic rats, and it may regulate CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells, promote apoptosis, thereby affecting the immune function of T lymphocytes , and play its rejection.

Objective To understand the demands of African students on the China?Africa malaria prevention training pro?grams as well as explore further suggestions on the student selection and course content design. Methods A self?administered questionnaire survey was conducted,and all the students who attended in the malaria prevention training courses in 2014 and 2015 were included. The Chi?square test was conducted to analyse the correlations between professional backgrounds ,work stat?ues and training needs. Results A total of 161 individuals were sampled eventually. These participants were trained in either English(58.4%)or French(41.6%). Most of the participants were male(69.3%),the major of them were mainly clinical tech?nology specialty(40.0%),and most of them worked in malaria area within 10 years(56.4%). Moreover,48.2%of the partici?pants used more than 76%of total work time on malaria control,and more than 80%worked in national or provincial/municipal level. The working areas of these participants were focused on clinical field(41.4%)and official field(29.9%),and only a few of them were from research positions(11.9%). The most needed course content in malaria training was strategy and epidemiolo?gy knowledge for malaria prevention and control(65.5%),while clinical workers were most needed to be trained(39.2%). The participants who came from French speaking countries preferred strategy training(χ2=12.528,P<0.01),and those worked in the national level were aslo more likely to choose strategies training course(χ2=10.508,P<0.05). Conclusions Currently, the China?Africa malaria prevention training programs could basically satisfy African students’needs. However,more aimed courses should be designed according to their professional backgrounds,national situation,work experiences on malaria con?trol,and institutional levels.

Objective To study the effects of russel viper venom X(RVV X)on blood coagulation protein.Methods We divide diluted protein into control and RVV-X groups,then use chromogenic substract assay to detect the activation effect of RVV-Ⅹ on coagulation factor Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ and antithrombin,plasminogen,with or without activator.Results In RVV-Ⅹ group,the coagulation factor Ⅶ, Ⅸ and plasminogen displayed weakly enhanced chromogenesis,all P