Medical students' English autonomy learning is different from other students,basing on some relevant autonomy learning theories,the authors investigated such aspects as learning motivation,achievement,length of time-spending,choice of learning strategy,major,gender,learning phase and family background of medical students'English autonomy learning.And at the same time,the authors analyzed its current situation and put forward some solutions to the existing problems.

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the life quality and influencing factorin stroke patient.MethodTotally 205 hospi-talized stroke patientin the neurology departmenwere investigated with SF-36 scale .The datwere performed the descriptive sta-tistic,t-tesand multiple linearegression analysi.ResultThe scoreof general healthy statu,physiological function ,physiolog-ical role ,somatipain and social function in the patientwith stroke were significantly lowethan thain the national norm (P＜0 . 01) .The recurrence frequency ,age ,comorbidity ,education level and income were significanfactoraffecting the life quality in the stroke patien.Conclusion The level of general health statu,physiological function ,physiological role ,somatipain and social function are decreased significantly .Therefore iirecommended to perform the pertinenintervention in the clinical work .

Objective To investigate the effect of pemetrexed on the immune function,quality of life and survival time of patients with malignant pleural effusion.Methods Eighty cases patients with non-small cell lung cancer from July 2013 to October 2015 in the People′s Hospital of Hunan Province were complicated with pleural effusion,and randomly divided into observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.The control group were used chemotherapy with GP(gemcitabine plus cisplatin) and the central venous catheter was placed in the thoracic cavity.The observation group was treated with retrograde injection of pemetrexed catheter on the basis of the control group.The changes of immunoglobulin and inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups,and the quality of life and the 1 year survival rate of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The IgM,IgG and IgA of the observation group after the intervention were higher than those in control group((1.65±0.03) mg/L vs.(1.31±0.02) mg/L,(9.55±0.12) mg/L vs.(8.82±0.10) mg/L,(3.99±0.20) mg/L vs.(1.81±0.13) mg/L,t=59.640,29.557,57.800,P<0.05),the TNFα-,IL-1,hs-CRP levels of the observation group after the intervention were lower than the control group((12.0±0.2) μg/L vs.(18.1±0.5) μg/L,(0.60±0.1) mg/L vs.(0.92±0.2) mg/L,(10.3±1.0) mg/L vs.(31.3±2.0) mg/L,t=71.641,9.051,59.397,P<0.05),and quality of life score after the intervention than before((81.5±2.3) points vs.(81.6±2.3) points,(35.3±1.1) points vs.(56.6±1.7) points,t=114.608,55.823,P<0.05).Quality of life of the observation group was better than the control group(t=66.530,P<0.01),1 year survival rate was higher than the control group(25.0%(10/40) vs.50.0%(20/40),U=5.903,P<0.05).Conclusion Local chemotherapy with pemetrexed could significantly improve the immune function of patients with malignant pleural effusion,reduce the inflammatory response,improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with malignant pleural effusion.

AlM:To investigate the effects of pirfenidone ( PFD) on the proliferation and transfomring growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) expression in vitro culture rat corneal stromal cells.METHODS: Corneal stromal cells from 8 to 10wk SD rats were isolated, cultured and treated with different concentrations of PFD 0mg/mL (control group), 0. 15mg/mL (experimental group▏), 0. 3mg/mL (experimental group‖), 1mg/mL (experimental group Ⅲ) for 48h. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation, while immunocytochemistry and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of ki-67 and TGF-β1 expression, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, PFD significantly inhibited the proliferation in a dose -dependent manner ( all P < 0. 05 ), so was protein expression of ki-67. PFD significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Pirfenidone can significantly inhibit the proliferation of rat corneal stromal cell by down regulating TGF-β1 expression, therefore, it has potential prospect in lightening the corneal wound healing reaction.

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

OBJECTIVETo establish and evaluate a BA-ELISA method for the quantitative detection of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.

METHODSWe deliberately selected three tables of CFTR and made the synthetic peptide be expressed in E. coli, then used the antigen to immunize rabbits to obtain the anti-CFTR polyclonal serum. After that, 96 well plates were coated with the purified antibody against CFTR. The antigen CFTR which was extracted from human sperm was detected by anti-CFTR antibody labeled with biotin, horseradish peroxidase conjugated avidin, and the substrate. The concentrations of two kinds of antibodies and the experiment parameters were optimized. Thereby, the double antibody sandwich BA-ELISA method for the quantitative detection of CFTR protein was established. Furthermore, the reproducibility, specificity and so on were evaluated by clinical specimens of sperm.

RESULTSThe optimal concentration of coated anti-CFTR IgG was 4 µg/ml, while the biotin labeled anti-CFTR IgG was 10 µg/ml; the optimal blocking buffer was 1% BSA-PBST, the optimal time of the reaction between antigen and antibody was 60 min, the optimal chromogenic time was 15 min, the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient were 2.16%-9.23% and 2.29%-11.71% respectively; The lowest detectable limit was 0.15 ng/ml; the standard curve had a good linear correlation of R2 = 0.962.

CONCLUSIONThe BA-ELISA method for the quantitative detection of CTFR protein is successfully established, and it is demonstrated that the method has strong specificity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It provides the basis and evidence of the further application of the method.

Animals ; Antibodies ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Peptides ; Rabbits ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To study the correlation between drug-resistance of paclitaxel and the expres- sion levels of anti-apoptotic protein survivin and the role of matrine reversal resistance of PTX in non-small cell lung cancer.Methods The expressions of survivin in 120 samples of human lung cancer with paclitaxel chemotherapy were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive expression rate of sur- vivin was 57.5%.In the positive expression of survivin group,chemotherapy combined matrine could improve response rate and survival time(P0.05).Conclusion The survivin expression was related to the response rate of paclitaxel in lung cancer.It might be a valuable new marker to predict the drug-resistance of paclitaxel.In this prospective research,survivin protein,which promoted the apoptosis caused by paclitaxel,may be the target of martine.It could partly reverse the drug re- sistance to paclitaxel.

BACKGROUND: In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes has been successfully reported to a certain degree; however, whether embryonic stem cells are able to effectively enter hepatic plate of host after intrahepatic transplantation, whether embryonic stem cells can further differentiate into hepatocytes and express hepatocyte function, and risk factors for neoplastic formation are still unclear at present. OBJECTIVE: To study the intrahepatic transplantation of embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells in therapeutic liver repopulation models, and to investigate the liver tissue replacement, growth and differentiation in vivo, and neoplastic formation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS: Twenty-four BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-35 g, irrespective of gender, were provided by Guangzhou Experimental Animal Center. Embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells were differentiated from embryonic stem cells. E14 was provided by Stem cell Center of our hospital. METHODS: This study was performed at the Stem Cell Center, the Second Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University from July 2006 to June 2007. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into a liver repopulation model + stem cell transplantation group (group A) and a liver resection + stem cell transplantation group (group B), with 12 mice in each group. Mice in the group A were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg retrorsine once every two weeks for totally twice. Four weeks after the second injection, about 70% liver was resected. And then, the embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells, labeled by 1×105 carboxy fluoresce in diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE), were transplanted into mouse liver through portal vein. On the other hand, 70% liver of mice in the group B was resected and embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells were transplanted into mouse liver. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution, incorporation, and proliferation of transplanted cells were observed under fluorescent microscopy. Two weeks later, hepatic function was stained with albumin fluorescence immunoassay (double fluorescence staining) and assayed by level of serum albumin. Embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells were poured into liver of remedial liver regeneration mice, and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells were transplanted into subcutaneous tissue in axillary region as the controls to observe neoplastic formation in embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells. RESULTS: ① Growth of hepatic stem cells in recipient mice: One week after transplantation of CFDA-SE-labeled embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells, some scattered region was green under fluorescent microscopy. The area of green region increased apparently in 2 weeks, and cord-like structure could be observed. ② Liver function: Immunofluorescent staining of albumin (double fluorescence staining) demonstrated that labeled cells expressed positive albumin (yellow fluorescence) in liver tissue of recipient mice, but there was not significant difference in serum albumin level between group A and group B (P > 0.05). ③ Reliability of hepatic stem cell transplantation: Teratoma did not form over 6 months; however, transplantation of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells in the axillary region could cause formation of teratoma after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: The transplantation of embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells in therapeutic liver repopulation model mice can effectively and further grow and differentiate, or even partially express hepatocyte function; in particular, the transplantation is safe.

0.05).No teratoma was formed in the experimental group,while a large teratoma was observed in control group in 6 weeks post-transplantation.CONCLUSION:The ESC-derived hepatic stem cells are normally incorporated into mouse liver parenchymal structure,proliferate and differentiate further in vivo and possess some hepatic functions without forming teratomas.