BACKGROUND: More and more patients with periodontal disease require orthodontic treatments. Thus, the remodeling process and its mechanism of inflammatory periodontal tissues become a hot point during orthodontic tooth movement.OBJECTIVE: To observe the remodeling of inflammatory periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement.METHODS: A total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and periodontitis groups. In the periodontitis group, rats were established periodontitis models. After that, all rats were prepared for orthodontic tooth movement models. The remodeling of periodontal tissues was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after orthodontic tooth movement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The movement distance of the periodontitis group was greater than that of the control group. At 0-7 days after orthodontic force application, there was obviously bone resorption at the pressure side and the bone formation was inhibited at the tension side; at 14 days after force application, the bone resorption was diminished, associated with large numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts at the pressure sides in both groups. The findings showed that rats with periodontitis suffered more periodontal traumatism during orthodontic tooth movement, thus, treatment should be delayed until the inflammatory signs were controlled and the local inflammatory was eliminated.

BACKGROUND:Tibial plateau fractures involving the posterolateral articular surface present a great challenge due to its complex anatomy.The posterolateral corner complex and the proximity of the common peroneal nerve restrict both the exposure of the joint surface and the ability to distract across the joint using a varus force.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the anatomy,morphology and classifications of the posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau,and compare different surgical approaches and fixation materials.METHODS:A computer-based research of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for the relative literatures published from 1990 to 2016 using the keywords of tibial plateau,posterolateral fragment,fixation in English and Chinese,respectively.The anatomy,morphology and typing of posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau were analyzed and different surgical approaches and fixation materials were compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau should be treated in accordance with the intra-articular fracture principle,such as repairing joint surface to normal morphology,restoring the lower limb alignment,and maintaining joint mobility painlessly.Fractures are clarified according to Schatzker,AO,and three-column classification systems,but still need to be improved.To choose a proper surgical approach mainly depends on the fracture pattern.Biomechanics tests suggest that posterolateral locked plate exhibits excellent biomechanics characters,and can avoid the reduction loss caused by the shear force of fracture fragments.

Objective To investigate the relationship between a mutation in the platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase gene (Arg92→His) and psoriasis. Methods Genomic DNA was analyzed in 47 patients with psoriasis and 52 healthy controls via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The frequency of the mutation in the PAF acetylhydrolase gene (Arg92→His) was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than that in the controls (P

Objective To investigate use of sedative and hypnotics agents in urban community residents aged 60 years and over in Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional study on use of sedative and hypnotics agents was conducted in 2248 residents aged 60 years and over in Jing' an community of Shanghai during July to October 2005 with questionnaire. Results Overall prevalence of use of sedative and hypnotics agents was 15.8% (355/2248), 7.3% (165/2248) for consecutive use and 6.2% (140/2248) for long-term consecutive use, respectively, which increased with age (P < 0.05). Prevalence of use of sedative and hypnotics agents, whatever consecutive use or long-term consecutive use was significantly higher in women than that in men [18.7 % (224/1303) vs. 11.7% (111/945), P<0.01; 8.3 % (108/1303) vs. 6.0% (57/945), P < 0.05 ; or 7. 3% (95/1303) vs. 4. 8% (45/945), P < 0.05]. Use of benzodiazepinos accounted for 90. 0 % (126/140) in those with long-term consecutive use. About 93.8 % (333/355) of sedative and hypnotic agents were prescribed by medical doctors. Conclusiong In general, prevalence of sedative and hypnotics agents use in the aged residents of community is higher, mainly with benzodiazepines. There are a few problems about their unreasonable use in women and attention should be paid to it.

Objective To study the relationship between IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and prostatic volume (PV) by examining the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth fator-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 ( IGFBP-3 ) and other indicators in patients with impaired glucose regulation and benign prostate hypertrophy. Methods According to 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, 109 BPH patients aged over 50 years were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n = 56), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group (n = 14), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group, n = 39). The biochemical indicators and postatic hyperplasia related factors and IGF-1, GFBP-3 were measured. Results There were no statistical differences between the three groups in terms of blood lipids, homocysteine, urinary inhibition C, fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of PV, prostate specific antigen, the quality of life score and the international prostate symptom score (P > 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) were higher in IFG group than NGT group (P′ < 0.017) and IGT group (P′ < 0.017). 2-hour plasma glucose and 2-hour insulin were higher in IGT group than NGT group (P′ < 0.017) and IFG group (P′ < 0.017). PV was positively correlated with FINS but not correlated with IGF-1, IGFBP- 3 by multiple multiple step wise regression analysis. Conclusion Oyperinsulinemia is a risk factor in the development of BPH with IGR, and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are not associated with BPH risk. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the role of the IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in BPH.

BACKGROUND: Most studies suggest tooth whitening can create a coarse enamel surface which is likely to attract exogenous dyeing material and form the phenomenon of color relapse. After dental bleaching procedure, the use of resin surface treatment agent is expected to make the enamel surface smooth and alleviate tooth color relapse. OBJECTIVE: To unravel the efficacy of Adper Single Bond 2 Adhesive on color relapse phenomenon after dental bleaching treatment by cold light (xenon laser) whitening.METHODS: Twenty-four extracted teeth were collected and coated with 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by xenon laser whitening. The test group was made up of 12 samples coated with light-cured resin surface treatment agent and the left samples as control group were treated with no-coating agent after tooth whitening. Then the two groups were divided into two subgroups which were soaked in distilled water and tea for aging test respectively. The color differences (ΔE) which provided comparative values for statistical analysis was recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the aging test. The enamel surface microstructure of the samples was observed before and after bleaching, after resin agent coating, and 28 days after the aging test.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Results from color differences observation: there was no significant difference between samples soaked in distilled water before and after whitening treatment (P > 0.05). Similarly, there was no statistical difference between test group and control group soaked in distilled water (P > 0.05). However, after soaking in tea, the color differences in the test group at 1-42 days showed statistically significant differences from those in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) Results from scanning electron microscope observation: after the tooth whitening producers, the enamel surface was damaged in the presence of cavities. After coated with resin surface treatment agent, the enamel surface became smooth and had few cavities. After soaking in tea, gradient smooth surface, some crack, inconspicuous flake dyeing color layer decomposition could be seen in the test group while rough surface with big holes and mottled dyeing layer were clearly visible in the control group. All samples soaked in distilled water had only a small amount of block dyeing layer, holes, weaker roughness than those soaked in tea. To conclude, Adper Single Bond 2 Adhesive light-cured resin surface treatment agent could weaken color relapse phenomenon after tooth whitening, achieving a smooth enamel surface and reducing dyeing material adhesion.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the management of infant vascular tumors with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) and to evaluate the effect of drug combined with sclerotherapy.

METHODSFrom Feb. 2007 to Nov. 2014, 25 cases with KMP, who underwent drug therapy combined with sclerotherapy, were retrospectively studied. Oral corticosteroids (2 mg/kg per day) was used as the first-line therapy on all of the patients and intravenous vincristine (1.5 mg/m2 every week) was added when the platelet counts didn't recover obviously after 2-3 weeks. After the recovery of the platelet counts, the patients were admitted for sclerotherapy (average, 4.56 sessions per case) with 100% alcohol (1-3 ml per session), Lauromacrogol (1.25-5 ml per session) and betamethasone (0.25-1 ml per session). All the patients were followed up for 42 months ( range, 9 months to 6.5 years). Therapeutic outcomes were assessed by evaluating platelet counts, size of lesion, function of trunk and limb.

RESULTSAll the 25 cases got obvious recovery in the platelet counts [average, (94.3 ± 18.5) x 10(9)/L] after drug therapy, of which 16 were treated by single oral corticosteroids for 4-7 weeks and 9 were treated by corticosteroids plus intravenous vincristine for 2-5 weeks. Meantime, 11 cases received platelet transfusions, of which 3 were coupled with gamma globulin intramuscularly. During the first admission, each of the 25 cases received 1-4 sessions of sclerotherapy (average, 2.6 sessions each case). One week after the sclerotherapy, the platelet counts returned to (167-312) x 10(9)/L (average, (258.5 ± 34.4) x 10(9)/L). The hemoglobin and blood coagulation function returned to normal within 1-5 weeks. Meanwhile the mental condition, appetite, body weight, sleeping were greatly improved. The size of the lesions decreased gradually after the combined therapy including 13 cases within 3-12 months and 13 cases within 13-36 months. Long term follow-up indicated that only 1 case need treatment for recurrent decrease of platelet counts, and all of the 25 cases kept the normal weight, height, immunity as well as the growing development.

CONCLUSIONSOral corticosteroids plus intravenous vincristine combined with sclerotherapy is a reliable management with high cure rate, short course and minor side-effect.

Administration, Oral ; Betamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Ethanol ; administration & dosage ; Glucocorticoids ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome ; blood ; therapy ; Platelet Count ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclerotherapy ; methods ; Vincristine ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sanitary status of urban secondary water supply facilities in Haidian district of Beijing.

METHODSAdopting the quantitative classification table drafted by the Bureau for Sanitation Inspection and Supervision of Haidian district, we carried quantitative classification (A, B, C grade) on all 1725 secondary water supply facilities in Haidian district for two times. At the same time, we collected 20 residential areas with stratified random sampling method. As the public points in the first quantitative classification, the effect of level publicity on changing the sanitary grade of the secondary water supply facilities were observed.

RESULTSIn the first two times of quantitative classification, A-level and B-level secondary water supply facilities took up 81.04% (1398/1725) and 89.04% (1536/1725) of all secondary water supply facilities respectively; the ratio of effective sanitary permits achieved 86.14% (1486/1725) and 92.35% (1593/1725) respectively; and the ratio of effective water quality test reports achieved 86.60% (1494/1725) and 97.10% (1675/1725) respectively. There were 52 secondary water supply facilities in 20 collected areas, including 8 A-level, 27 B-level and 17 C-level secondary water supply facilities before level publicity, and 19, 29 and 4 after level publicity. The impact of level publicity on changing the sanitary grade of the secondary water supply facilities was statistically significant (χ(2) = 12.60, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONThe city secondary water supply facilities in Haidian district are overall in good sanitary conditions. Quantitative classification and level publicity can effectively improve the sanitary status of secondary water supply facilities.

China ; Sanitation ; Urban Health ; Water Supply

Hemorrhagic snake venom specially induces apoptosis of VEC (vascular endothelial cells). Five apoptosis-inducing proteins had been purified and characterized from crude snake venom. Two of these are L-amino acid oxidase (LAO), the others belong to metalloprotease/disintegrin family. LAO catalyzes H2O2 production by oxidizing some plasma membrane proteins of VEC, disintegrins interfere with binding of integrins with their ligands. The expression of p53 and bcl-2 increases during VEC apoptosis induced by snake venom, moreover, the mRNA of bcl-2 is spliced into two fragments. It has been proved that one of adhesion-dependent signal molecules, alphavbeta3, and one of phospholipid signal molecules, PC-PLC (phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C), are involved in above apoptosis-inducing signal transudation pathway. These results throw light on finding out specific component from protein is snake venom. This component is able to induce tumor vascular endothelial cells apoptosis. This review summarized progress of research on hemorrhagic snake venoms.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; L-Amino Acid Oxidase ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Signal Transduction ; Snake Venoms ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Case-Control Studies ; Creatine ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; urine ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactic Acid ; urine ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests