Objective: To explore the cause and the strategy for air quantity signaling in old patients using mechanic air. Method: Summary and analysis of the causes for air quantity signaling in 187 cases of old patients using respiratory machine. Results: One hundred fifty-one cases showed low-limited air quantity signaling per minute whereas 36 cases presented high-limited air quantity signaling per minute. Conclusion: Judging and removing the obstacle in respiratory machine on time and accurately are the key point raising both the survival rate of severe patients and the successful rate of mechanic air.

Objective To explore the significance of mediastinum drainage tube in prevention and treatment of intrathoracic anastomotic leak after esophagectomy. Methods The morbidity and prognosis of intrathoracic anas-tomotic leak after esophagectomy in 180 patients with esophageal or cardia carcinoma (group A) who used mediasti-num drainage tube in operation from 2006 to 2008 was studied retrospectively,and were compare with 154 patients (group B) without mediastinum drainage tube from 2004 to 2006. Results The morbidity of intrathoracic anasto-motic leak after esophagectomy was 1.67% (3/180) in group A,and 4.55% (7/154) in group B,but no difference between them(χ2=1.4807, P>0.05) were found. Compared to group B, the final diagnosis of anastomotic leak in group A was early [(6.7±0.6) vs (10.0±2.1) days after operation (t=2.62, P<0.05)] and the duration of fe-ver was short [(5.3±1.5)vs (43.0±20.9) hours (t=4.39, P<0.01)]. The prognosis of 3 cases in group A was well, who all recovered without operation and had shorten hospital days than group B [(23.7±5.9)d vs (45.3± 5.0)d,t=4.86,P<0.01)]. In 7 cases of group B,there were 5 cases underwent second operation,but only 3 cases recovered, the case fatality rate was 2.60% (4/154), higher than in group A (0, Fisher, P<0.05). Conclusions Although the mediastinum drainage tube used or not used in esophagectomy is unrelated with the occurrence of anas-tomotic leak, and the significance to use it is that it can help to discover anastomotic leak early, and control mediasti-num infection effectively without reoperation,and improve patients' prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of rosuvastatin and lfuvastatin on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) combing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
Methods: A total of 215 consecutive ACS patients combing IGT treated in our hospital from 2009-05 to 2011-05 were studied. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, Rosuvastatin group, the patients received rosuvastatin10mg/day, n=108 and Fluvastatin group, the patients received fluvastatin 40mg/day, n=107. The total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels before and at 6, 12, 24 months after medication, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPBG) and the number of new-onset of diabetes patients were compared between 2 groups.
Results: After treatment, the TC, LDL-C levels were decreased (6, 12, 24 months) and the HDL-C level (12, 24 months), 2hPBG (24 months) were increased in both groups. Compared with Fluvastatin group, Rosuvastatin group had decreased TC and LDL-C (6, 12, 24 months), and increased LDL-C (24 months). With 6, 12, 24 months treatment, the blood lipids reached the standard were more in Rosuvastatin group than those in Fluvastatin group as 35.3%vs 26.1%, 36.4% vs 22.0%, 43.1% vs 31.8% respectively, all P<0.05. With 12 and 24 months treatment, the new-onset diabetes patients in Rosuvastatin group were 11 and 18, in Fluvastatin group were 12 and 17. With 12, 24 months treatment, FBG, 2hPBG levels and the number of new-onset diabetes patients were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05.
Conclusion: Compared with lfuvastatin, the conventional dose of rosuvastatin could better reduce the blood lipids level in ACS patients combing IGT, the effects for preventing ACS patients from IGT to diabetes were similar for both drugs.

Objective To understand the characteristics of schistosome cercarial infested water contact of residents in Poyang Lake endemic areas after the operation of Three Gorges Project,so as to provide the evidence for formulating a well-directed con-trol strategy. Methods The residents in two villages in schistosomiasis endemic areas were selected and surveyed for their activi-ties of infested water contacts by questionnaire. Results The proportion and frequency of infested water contacts of residents in Poyang Lake region were high and the average rate of infested water contacts was 69.77%,and 98.96%of infested water contacts occurred in spring,summer and autumn. The main ways of infested water contacts were fishing/swimming/playing for adult men, washing clothes/fishing for adult women,and swimming/playing for school children,respectively. The rates of infested water con-tacts were 73.33%,71.63%and 61.87%in adult men,women and school children,respectively. The frequencies of infested water contacts>1 time/week,1 time/week-1 time/month,and<1 time/month were 62.61%,23.74%and 13.66%respectively. Conclu-sions The infested water contacts mainly occurs in spring,summer and autumn,and the main way of infested water contacts was fishing. Farming and mowing grass,which had been the primary way,now become the secondary way for the adult residents.

To determine the diagnostic efficiency of parallel detection of the circulating antigens and antibodies in schistosomiasis, sandwich ELISA and indirect ELISA by using the labeled McAb JPG3 were used to detect the presence of the circulating antigens and the circulating IgG antibodies in serum samples from different kinds of population. and then the sensitivity and specificity of this method of testing as well as the efficiency of the application of this method in heavy endemic area. were determined in comparison with serial test. It was found that the sensitivity and specificity of the parallel test were 97.9% and 92.2% , however, those of the serial test were 76.0% and 99.2% respectively. The positive rates of parallel test and serial test to detect the stool examination-positive for schistosoma eggs in population of the endemic area were 94.6% (35/37) and 67.6% (25/37), while those to detect the stool examination-negative for schitosoma eggs were 69.8% (97/139) and 39.6% (55/139) respectively. It is apparent the parallel test for the detection circulating antigens and antibodies in schistosomiasis shows its high diagnostic efficiency, especially in the heavy endemic area of schitosomiasis.

Objective　To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of acute rejection of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods　From July 1999 to April 2000, two piggyback liver transplantations were performed on two patients with Wilson's disease. Results　Cyclosporine A, azathioprine and methylprednisolone were the baseline immunosuppression management. Acute rejection occured 5 times in the 2 patients. The correct diagnosis was obtained through clinical inspection, liver function test and biopsy. The rejections were controlled by intensive steriod therapy plus OKT3 or FK506. Conclusions　Clinical inspection and liver function test can suggest the episode of acute rejection in time. Hepatic biopsy is the key point for diagnosis of acute rejecton, Reasonable use of immunosppression is critical for the treatment.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL).Methods Patients who underwent PCNL were randomized into 2 groups by extracting a random number generated from random number table,tubeless PCNL group and traditional PCNL group when the stones were cleared.Each patient in tubeless PCNL group was treated with insertion of a F5 ureteral double pigtail stent without placement of nephrostomy tube,while both double pigtail stent and F16 nephrostomy tube were placed in patients in traditional PCNL group.Exclusion criteria were severe bleeding requiring blood transfusion,stone residual requring a second PCNL,severe hydronephrosis with the thickness of renal parenchyma less than 5 mm,pyonephrosis,stricture of ureter or ureteropelvic junction,and severe perforation of the collecting system.A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study.Tubeless PCNL and traditional PNCL were performed in 25 patients,including 27 kidney units,respectively.The two groups had comparable demographic data.All the operations were performed by the same surgeon.Evaluation factors included postoperative pain,decreased hemoglobin,blood transfusion rate,incidence of fever and perirenal hematoma,and duration of hospitalization.Results The average visual analogue scale (VAS) score on postoperative day 1 in tubeless PCNL group was 2.24 compared with 5.04 in traditional PCNL group (P ＜ 0.01 ).The average hospital stay in tubeless PC NL group (3.04 d) was significantly shorter than that in traditioal PCNL group (6.88 d) (P ＜0.01 ).The differences in average hemoglobin drop and stone clearance in the 2 groups were not significant.The differences between the 2 groups in blood transfusion ( 1/25 in tubeless PCNL group vs 3/25 in traditional PCNL group,P ＞0.05),renal hematomas rate (6/27 in tubeless PCNL group vs 7/27 in traditional PCNL group,P ＞ 0.05) and fever rate (3/25 in tubeless PCNL group vs 4/25 in traditional PCNL group,P ＞0.05 ) were not significant.There was no incidence of urinary leakage from the nephrostomy site in the 2 groups.Conclusions Tubeless PCNL can significantly decrease postoperative pain and discomfort and shorten the duration of hospitalization without increase of complications.Tubeless PCNL is safe,effective and performable,but the contraindications such as massive haemorrhage,pyonephrosis,ureteral obstruction,severe perforation of the collecting system,residual stone requring a second PCNL,should be kept in mind.

Objective To investigate use of sedative and hypnotics agents in urban community residents aged 60 years and over in Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional study on use of sedative and hypnotics agents was conducted in 2248 residents aged 60 years and over in Jing' an community of Shanghai during July to October 2005 with questionnaire. Results Overall prevalence of use of sedative and hypnotics agents was 15.8% (355/2248), 7.3% (165/2248) for consecutive use and 6.2% (140/2248) for long-term consecutive use, respectively, which increased with age (P < 0.05). Prevalence of use of sedative and hypnotics agents, whatever consecutive use or long-term consecutive use was significantly higher in women than that in men [18.7 % (224/1303) vs. 11.7% (111/945), P<0.01; 8.3 % (108/1303) vs. 6.0% (57/945), P < 0.05 ; or 7. 3% (95/1303) vs. 4. 8% (45/945), P < 0.05]. Use of benzodiazepinos accounted for 90. 0 % (126/140) in those with long-term consecutive use. About 93.8 % (333/355) of sedative and hypnotic agents were prescribed by medical doctors. Conclusiong In general, prevalence of sedative and hypnotics agents use in the aged residents of community is higher, mainly with benzodiazepines. There are a few problems about their unreasonable use in women and attention should be paid to it.

Objective To evaluate the function of MRE11 in inflammasome activation.Methods Different stimuli,in-cluding Poly(I∶C), Poly(dA∶dT),E.coli gDNA,293T gDNA,CPPD and HSV,were used to identify the effective inflamma-some activator using ELISA.Then, MRE11 siRNA oligos were sythesized and transfected into THP-1 cells while Western blotting was used to analyze the efficacy of MRE 11 knockdown .Finally ELISA and Western blotting were used to analyze the involvement of MRE11 in inflammasome activation induced by Poly (I∶C), Poly(dA∶dT), E.coli gDNA and 293T gDNA. Results The IL-1βsecretion and pro-caspase-1 activation which induced by Poly ( I∶C) , Poly( dA∶dT) , E.coli gDNA and 293T gDNA were reduced with different degrees in MRE 11-knockdown THP-1 cells.Conclusion These results indicate that MRE11 is required for inflammasome activation induced by genetic materials .

Objective To understand the effect of the three-cell latrine and B-type tilted ellipsoid methane tank for eliminating eggs of schistosome in different seasons and temperatures in order to evaluate their values for popularization and application in schistosomiasis endemic areas.Methods The eggs of schistosome collected from infected rabbits were put into the three-cell latrines and methane tanks in different seasons.The miracidia were observed and counted after collecting the eggs for hatching experiments on the 5th,10th,15th,20th,25th,30th,40th,50th,and 60th day,respectively.Results In the three-cell latrine,the time of eliminating eggs completely in the fecal residue in winter,spring(autumn),and summer was 50,30,15 days,respectively,and the time of completely eliminating 100 eggs of schistosome was 40,20,10 days,respectively.Correspondingly,in the methane tank,the time of eliminating eggs completely in the fecal residue in winter,spring(autumn),and summer was 30,15,10 days,respectively,and the time of completely eliminating 100 eggs of schistosome was 20,15,5 days,respectively.Conclusions The three-cell latrine and B-type tilted ellipsoid methane tank could effectively eliminate schistosome eggs in human and animal excreta and achieve the national hygienic standard on night soil in the endemic areas of Jiangxi Province.