With the progress of society and development of sexual medicine, the therapeutic effects of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) have been improved increasingly. This review summarizes the basic therapeutic approaches to FSD, including psychotherapy, sexual behavior therapy, mechanical skills, life style adjustment, physical exercise, acupuncture, medication, surgery, and gene therapy. It also points out the objective understanding of the limitations of the available therapeutic methods, with stress on patient-oriented comprehensive therapeutic principles and increased attention to recognition education among the patients so as to improve the present status of FSD treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of rocuronium on the neuromuscular junction of rat diaphragm. Methods One hundred and sixty rats were used in the study which was approved by the Animal Care Committee of the General Hospital of PLA. In isolated non-uniformly stretched muscle preparation (INSMP) of rat diaphragm, micro-endplate potentials (MEPP) and endplate potentials (EPP) were recorded simultaneously with one microelectrode of one endplate. The effects of rocuronium in dosages of 2.5, 5, 10, 20?g/ml on the amplitude and frequency of MEPP and the amplitude of EPP were observed. Results Rocuronium could decrease both the amplitude and frequency of MEPP obviously and the onset time was 1min after drug administration. The amplitude of EPP was depressed by rocuronium in a dose of 5?g/ml at 3min. Neither 2.5?g/ml nor 0.5?g/ml of rocuronium produced any effect on the amplitude of EPP. Conclusion The results indicated that rocuronium might produce a rapid and early presynaptic effect on neuromuscular junction in INSMP in rats.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; China ; Humans ; Radiography ; Radiology ; methods

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety for the application of low-dose vitamin K antagonist (VKA) during whole pregnancy and low-molecular-weight heparin/heparin at early pregnancy in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods: We searched the Cochrane library (2016 Issue 2), PubMed, EMbase, CBM, Tsinghua Tongfang (CNKI), Wanfang and VIP databases to collect the literatures for the application of low-dose VKA during whole pregnancy and low-molecular-weight heparin/heparin at early pregnancy up to 2016-06. The literatures were independently screened by 2 reviewers and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: 12 studies were finally enrolled. Meta-analysis presented that compared with the application of low-molecular-weight heparin/heparin at early pregnancy, low-dose VKA during whole pregnancy showed decreased valvular thrombosis rate (OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.13-0.54, P<0.001), lower spontaneous abortion rate (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.21-3.26, P=0.006) and increased fetal abnormality rate (OR=3.39, 95% CI 1.11-10.37, P=0.03); while the maternal mortality (OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.24-2.58, P=0.70), peri-natal bleeding rate (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.27-1.18, P=0.13) and the incidence of stillbirth (OR=1.80, 95% CI 0.94-3.44, P=0.07) were similar between two conditions. Conclusion: Current evidence indicated that the application of low-doseVKA during whole pregnancy decreased the rates of valvular thrombosis and spontaneous abortion in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement, while increased the rate of fetal abnormality. Further investigation is needed to confirm the above conclusion.

Objective To investigate the effective predictors of response in HBeAg-positive patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil(ADV)and to provide evidence for individualized treatment.Methods Patients administered with ADV for 48 weeks in a randomized,placebo-controlled,multicenter trial were studied.Statistical analyses,such as Backward stepwise logistic regression and 2?2 method were used for predictors analysis at week 48.Results The baseline serum ALT levels,HBV DNA levels,and undetectable serum HBV DNA by PCR at week 24 were predictors for HBV DNA negativity at week 48.The median of serum ALT levels and HBV DNA levels prior to treatment were 134.5 U/L and 6.57 lg copies/mL,respectively.Patients with baseline ALT levels higher than the median,HBV DNA levels lower than the median,and serum HBV DNA undectectable by PCR at week 24 had greater rate of HBV DNA negativity(93.3%),HBeAg loss(60%)and HBeAg seroconversion(40%)at week 48 than the others.47.8% of patients whose HBV DNA levels were positive at week 24 also achieved HBV DNA negativity at week 48,and 8.6% achieved HBeAg seroconversion.Conclusion Better response at week 48 has significantly higher serum ALT levels and lower HBV DNA levels prior to treatment and HBV DNA negativity at week 24 compared with non-response.Patients whose HBV DNA levels ware still positive at week 24 should continue therapy.

Objective To construct prokaryotic expression vector of NS5A transactivating protein 7 of hepatitis C virus (NS5ATP7), induce the expression of NS5ATP7 in E. coli, and to predict its structure and function by bioinformatics analysis. Methods NS5ATP7 gene was amplified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using HepG2 cells mRNA as template, and was ligated into pGEM-T cloning vector. After verifying the sequence of the inserted fragment by restriction enzyme digestion identification and sequencing, NS5ATP7 was cloned into inducible prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+) and transfected into competent E. coli BL21. The protein expression was induced with IPTG and the product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting hybridization. The structure and function of NS5ATP7 were predicted using bioinformatics techniques. Results NS5ATP7 gene with about 891bp was amplified by RT-PCR, which was coincident with that we expected, and it was then inserted into expression vector pET-32a(+). Under the induction of IPTG, the recombinant NS5ATP7 was expressed successfully. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting assay showed that this recombinant protein possessed good immunogenicity. Bioinformatics method such as ExPASy, TMHMM and SignalP analysis indicated that NS5ATP7 was full of helices, had neither transmembranous structure nor signal peptide. Conclusions The recombinant NS5ATP7 gene could be successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression system of E. coli, which might lay the foundation of studying the immunogenicity and biological charactersitics of the NS5ATP7. Bioinformatics analysis may provide a new method to analyze the structure and function of a new protein.

To evaluate the effects of calcium on the time course and potency of depolarizing and non depolarizing relaxants, 12 ASA grade Ⅰ Ⅱ patients were randomly divided into two groups. After anesthesia, succinycholine was administered intravenous in a dose of 1mg/kg in group S and vecuronium was administered in a dose of 0 05mg/kg in group V, respectively. 5% calcium chloride 20ml dissolved in 100ml saline were intravenously injected at the same time. The concentration of blood calcium and neuromuscular function (TOF) were monitored. The results showed: (1) Both blood pressure and heart rate were increased in patients of two groups at 2 to 5min after calcium administration, and recovered to normal level 10min later. (2) The concentrations of blood total calcium and dissociated calcium were increased at 5min after calcium chloride administration and maintained to 10min. (3) The time of onset of effect of succinylcholine showed no changes, but the clinical action time and the recovery time were shortened after calcium administration. The recovery time of vecuronium was also obviously shortened by calcium chloride. It suggested that calcium can affect the time course and potency of both depolarizing and non depolarizing relaxants.

Objective:To measure CT linearity and evaluate if it would show linear relationship between coefficient and attenuation.Methods:The Catphan phantom was used to measure CT linearity in 18 computed tomography equipments,and the results were calculated.Results:(1)The CT linearity were qualified in 14 equipment but 4.Conclusion:(1)There are many factors which affect CT linearity.The artifact will be produced if the CT linearity is unqualified.(2)CT linearity must be calibrated periodically to assure the stability of the CT linearity and to make for the accurate diagnoses.

Objective To evaluate the potentiation of neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium during isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients (39 male, 21 female), aged 18-56 yr, weighing 42-88 kg undergoing ENT, oral or facial plastic surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were premedicated with atropine 0.01 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with diazepam 0.1 mg?kg-1 , pethidine 1mg?kg-1 and droperidol 50?g?kg-1. Oro- or naso-tracheal intubation was accomplished under topical anesthesia. After intubation the patients received hydroxydione 2.5 g and fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 50% N2O in O2 alone (groupⅠ) or combined with 0.6% isoflurane (group Ⅱ ) or 1.2% isoflurane (group Ⅲ ) . A bolus of rocuronium 0.6 mg?kg-1 was given during maintenance of anesthesia. Neuromuscular function was monitored using TOF response measured by accelerography (Biometer, Denmark). (1) Onset time (time from the end of injection to maximum depression of T1 ) , (2) the duration of T1 = 0, (3) time from the end of injection to recovery of T1 to 25% , 50% and 90% control, (4) recovery index (time from T, 25%-75%) were recorded. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was monitored.Results The onset time was significantly longer in group Ⅰ[ (1.7?0.2) min] than that in group Ⅱ[ (0.9?0.1) min] and groupⅢ[(0.8?0.1) min] ( P

Objective:To measure CT linearity and evaluate if it would show linear relationship between coefficient and attenuation.Methods:The Catphan phantom was used to measure CT linearity in 18 computed tomography equipments,and the results were calculated.Results:(1)The CT linearity were qualified in 14 equipment but 4.Conclusion:(1)There are many factors which affect CT linearity.The artifact will be produced if the CT linearity is unqualified.(2)CT linearity must be calibrated periodically to assure the stability of the CT linearity and to make for the accurate diagnoses.