Chronic alcohol consumption is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, resulting in cirrhosis and hepa-tocellular carcinoma. Almost all heavy drinkers develop fatty liv-er, but only 20% ~40% of them develop more severe forms of alcoholic liver diseases such as alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic fibrosis, and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the disease progression remain largely unknown. The animal models which can mimic human alcoholic liver diseases are very neces-sary tools for better understanding and exploring the therapy strat-egy of the disease. Currently, the most widely used models for alcoholic liver injury are Lieber-DeCarli model, Tsukamoto-French model, Gao-binge model and others. Here we summarize the recent advances in animal models recapitulating different fea-tures and etiologies of human alcoholic liver diseases. These ani-mal models will be very useful for the mechanism study of alco-holic liver diseases and further new therapeutic drug screening.

Objective: To study the effects of halothane and sevoflurane on myocardial function and energy metabolism. Method:The model of Langendorff perfused isolated rat heart was used to investigate the effects of halothane and sevoflurane on HR,LVEDP,LVDP,+dp/dt,-dp/dt and coronary flow(CF)before and after ischemia. and the myocardial ATP content were measured with HPLC before ischemia and 10 min after ischemia and at the end of reperfusion. Result: 1.5 MAC sevoflurane significantly increased CF in normal isolated rat hearts. Both halothane and sevoflurane differently depressed myocardial contratile function,increased normal myocardial energy storage. At 10th min of ischemia the decrease of myocardial ATP content was delayed by halothane and sevoflurane. At the end of reperfusion,the both anesthetics improved the recovery of myocardial function and matebolism,especially sevoflurane. Conclusion: Both anesthetics can protect myocardium from ischemic reperfusion injury through improving post-ischemic myocardial energy recovery.

Castleman Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the protection of taurine-zinic coordination compound(TZC) against the neurotoxicity of depleted uranium (DU). Method: Rats were exposed to DU by different dosages intratracheal instillation of DU particles. One group was supplemented with TZC. Learning times in Y-labyrinth experiment, number of somatostatin positive cortical neurons were compared. Results: Learning times in Y-labyrinth experiment were increased in DU groups, and DU 5mg+TZC group was less than that of DU 5 mg group (P

Objective: To explore the effects of zinc (Zn) on neuronal nitric oxide synathase (nNOS) and somatostatin(SS) in cerebral cortex of rats after sleep deprivation (SD), and discuss the protective mechanism of Zn on learning and memory. Method: SD was induced in male Wistar rats by employing “flower pot” technique. The rats in SD+Zn groups were supplemented with Zn in feed (containing 200 mg Zn/kg)for 3 d before SD. The number of nNOS and SS positive neurons in cortex of rats after different time of SD and Zn supplementation were observed. Results: nNOS and SS positive neurons in cortex significantly decreased in SD1 d+Zn group than in SD1d group(P0.05). Conclusion: Zinc can improve the ability of learning and memory of rats after sleep deprivation by protecting nNOS and SS positive neurons in cerebral cortex.

Objective To compare the changes of physiological parameters after cardiac arrest caused by asphyxia with that of cardiac arrest induced by ventricular fibrillation in rats and assess the values of the parameters on predicting ROSC and 24 h survival rate. Method Two groups of Sprague-Dwaley rats, which randomly (ramdom number) included 30 animals in each group, were investigated. Cardiac arrest were induced by asphyxia (AS group) or ventricular fibrillation(VF group). PETCO2, aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure and ECG of limb lead Ⅱ were recorded continuously, dP/dt4o was calculated with the windaq software. The parameters were compared between the two groups at baseline, precordial compression(PC) 10 s, PC 1 min, PC 3 min, ROSC 1 h and ROSC 2 h. The relations were explored between the parameters and ROSC/24 h survival rate. Results PETCO2,aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure and ECG have distinctive changes in the two groups. In group VF, PETCO2 of ROSC rats at BL, PC 1 min and PC 3 min were higher than those of Non-ROSC rats (P ＜ 0.05); PETCO2of 24 h survival rats at ROSC 1 h and ROSC 2 h were higher than those of 24 h death rats (P ＜ 0.05), which were not observed in the group AS. dP/dt40 and - dP/dt40 at ROSC 1 h and ROSC 2 h in group VF were higher than those in group AS (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Physiological parameters after cardiac arrest caused by asphyxia or that of cardiac arrest induced by ventricular fibrillation in rats have unique features respectively. PETCO2 in cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation may predict ROSC and 24 h survival rate. Researchers have to select the appropriate cardiac arrest model according their research purposes and clinical requirments.

Objective To study the effects of mild hypothermia on cardiomyocyte contractility improvement after ischemia-repeffusion injury and on the preservation of well-functioning mitochondrial respiratory capability.Methods A total of 50 newborn SD rats 1 ～ 2 days after delivery were sacrificed and their hearts taken to preserved in 4 ℃ cold D-hanks buffer solution with 0.12％ pancreatic proteinase and collagenase and then processed with 37 ℃ water bath to collect the cardiomyocytes cultured in DMEM medium with 10％ FBS for 5 days.The cardiomyocytes of rats were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion,in vitro,by oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD)/oxygen and glucose restoration(OGR).The cardiomyocytes of rats after ischemia/reperfusion were divided into three groups:control group,hypothemia group and normothermia group.Contractile frequency and velosity were determined before OGD and 0 h,0.5h,1 h,1.5 h and 2 h after OGR.Ultrastructure changes of cardiomyocytes and mitochondrion were observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM)0 h and 2 h after OGR as well as assessment ot respiratory rate and respiratory control rate(RCR)with Clark oxygen electrode in each group.All data were analyzed with statistical software of SPSS 13.0.Results Contractile function of cardiomyocytes in hypothermia group and normothermia group declined to nadir at 0 h after OGR(P =0.000)and the contractile function of cardiomyocytes in hypothermia group was improved one hour later,compared with the normothermia group(P =0.000).Obvious swelling of mitochondrion was observed under TEM in normothermia group with little alteration after OGR.The RCR assessments indicated respiratory function in normothermia group was impaired after OGR(P =0.000)and this may be responsible for contractility dysfunction.Conclusions Mild hypothemia used after ischaemia can optimize the contractility of cardiomyocytes after a normothermia OGR,and the well-functioning respiratory capability of mitochondrion may be preserved in this process.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility and clinical effectiveness of living relative donor kidney transplantation(LDKT)and summarize its clinical experience. Methods The clinical data of 30 cases of LDKT were retrospectively analyzed.Except for 2 cases being donated by spouse,the others were donated by blood relative donors.6 cases shared two haplotypes,and 22 cases shared one haplotype,and one case 4 mismatched,and 1 fully mismatched.All donors underwent open nephroectomy,in which 7 cases donated right kidneys and 23 donated left kidneys.In 30 cases of recipients,1 case received cadaver donor kidney transplantation and lost her allograft because of superacute rejection.Triple-combined immunosuppressive protocols consisted of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI),mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)or azathioprine(AZa)and steroid. Results All donors'hospital stay was 7 to 10 days postoperatively without any surgical complications. All donors kept their normal kidney function within 3 to 6 months'follow-up.Except for 1 case of death because of lung in fection,29 cases of recipients survived,in which 28 cases kept their normal function kidney within 1 to 4 years of follow-up and 1 case occurred chronic allograft nephropathy after one year.Except one case of DGF,29 cases of recipients retained their normal kidney function in 3 to 5 days postoperatively.Rejection episodes occurred in 4 cases,of which 3 cases were reversed by methylprednisone and 1 case by antithymocyte globulin(ATG)and Tacrolimus.Pneumonia developed in 3 cases,of which 2 cases were cured and 1 case failed.Hematoma was found around allograft in 1 case and wag surgi cally removed.Urinary leakage was happened in 2 cases of recepients and were cured by conservative treatment. Conclusions LDKT is safe and feasible with good long-term results and more advantages such as optimal HLA matches and less ischemia time and lower acute rejection,low-dose immunosup pressants.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of bepotastine besilate in the treatment of chronic urticaria.MethodsA randomized,double-blind,parallel-controlled clinical study was conducted in 5 centers.Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups to be treated with bepotastine besilate 20 mg or loratadine 10 mg once a day,respectively,for 4 weeks.Visits were scheduled before and after 1,2 and 4 weeks of treatment.Itching degree,number of wheals and diameter of the largest wheal were recorded for efficacy evaluation.ResultsTotally,240 patients were enrolled and 227 patients completed the study.The response rate was 74.6％ and 77.9％ respectively in bepotastine besilate- and loratadine-treated patients,respectively(P ＞0.05).No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between bepotastine besilate- and loratadine-treated patients(12.8％ vs.17.9％,P ＞ 0.05).The main side effects were mild to moderate drowsiness,dry mouth,dizziness.ConclusionBepotastine besilate is effective and safe for the treatment of chronic urticaria,with an efficacy and safety profile similar to that of loratadine.

Motivation ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Violence ; Wounds and Injuries ; Crime/psychology*