Objective To discuss the effect of treating naloxone on acute organphosphours poisoning (AOPP).Methods 64 patients with AOPP were randomly divided into group treated with naloxone(32,group A) and group treated with routine medical therapy(32,group B).Group A was treated with naloxone after routine medi- cal therapy.Results Group A:time of the achievement of atropinization was shorter,doses of atropine was smaller than group B(P

Object To determine the contents of diosgenin in Rhizoma Paridis by HPLC and TLC. Methods ODS column was used in HPLC with mobile phase: acetonitrile water(90∶10), detection wavelength: 203 nm, column temperature: 35 ℃; silica gel plate was used in TLC with developer: cyclohexane ethyl acetate (4∶1), scan wavelength: 610 nm, reference wavelength: 420 nm. Results The linear ranges of HPLC and TLC were 1 2 - 7 2 ?g (r=0 999 8), 0 2 - 1 0 ?g (r=0 995 7). The average recovery and RSD were 102 2%, 3 39% (n=6) and 100 9%, 2 68% (n=6) respectively. Conclusion Both of two methods can be used for the quality control of diosgenin in Rhizoma Paridis.

Objective To evaluate the value of ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the diagnosis of infection and its correlation with drug concentrations in renal transplant recipients.Methods 45 renal transplant recipients were reviewed from May 2010 to October 2011.There were 33males and 12 females,aged from 21 to 58 years old.The recipients were divided into non-infection group (n =34) and infection group (n =11) according to their clinical manifestation.11 cases of infection were diagnosed by the chest X-ray,CT imaging manifestations and etiological examination,among them 5 cases were pulmonary infection,4 cases were upper respiratory infection,1 case was urinary tract infection and 1 case was perineal abscess.23 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group.They were detected ATP content of CD4+T lymphocytes by Immuknow method.Thetrough concentrations of the FK506 and CsA were detected by microparticle enzyme immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay,respectively.The hs-CRP concentration was detected by immunoturbidimetry.Results The ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes of the control group,non infection group and the infection group were (295±74) μg/L,(35± 189) μg/L and (212± 155) μg/L respectively.The levels of ATP of infection group were obviously lower than the control group and non-infection group.There were statistically differences (P ＜0.05).24 recipients were followed up dynamicly.There were 4 cases whose ATP value was lower than the postoperative average levels in 5 infection recipients.The hs-CRP concentration of infection group were (12.4±4.8) mg/L,obviously higher than the non infection group's (3.3 ± 4.7) mg/L and the control group' s (0.5 ± 0.5) mg/L.There were statistically differences (P＜0.05).The ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes were no significant associated with drug trough concentrations (P＞0.05).Conclusions Low ATP level after renal transplantation is a risk factor for infection recipients.Immuknow cell function assay can make up for the inadequacy of the drug concentration monitoring,reduce the risk of infection,and guide clinical immunosuppressive adjustment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on controlling endemic fluorosis in Shaanxi Province between 2004 and 2006. Methods Hanbin, Pingli, Ziyang and Hanyin were selected for the investigation in 2004;in addition to the four areas, Zhengping, Shiquan and Langao were also for the investigation in 2006. Two schools were selected in each area, and 2 villages as the investigation spots. Fifty pupils in the fifth grade in each school, and 30 housewives between 25 - 50 years old in each village were chosen as the research subjects. Referring to the health education questionnaire in Technique Scheme of Endemic Disease Prevention Granted by Central Government of 2004, the degree of health education of endemic fluorine, arsenic poisoning in pupils and housewives were investigated. Results In 2004 and 2006, the average mark of pupils in school was 54.7 and 83.6, the pass rate was 57.5% (230/400) and 90.2% (629/697), respectively;the average mark of housewives was 59.7 and 83.9, the passing rate was 59.6% (143/240), 87.6%(338/386) respectively, indicating that the outcome was improved obviously in 2006 compared to that in 2004. Conclusions In the past three years, health knowledge of endemic arsenic and fluorosis has been improved among pupils and housewives in these areas.

Objective To evaluate the value of the differential diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary cancer using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).MethodsTotally 59 patients selected with peripheral pulmonary lesions(27 primary lung cancer and 32 non-lung cancer cases including 12 pulmonary abscess,19 tuberculosis and 1 hemangioma subjects)were examined by traditional gray-scale sonography and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI),the lesions shape,borders,echo characteristic and blood flow were recorded first,and then the contrast enhancedsonographicstudies were performed.The process of contrast enhancement and regression was observed and the parameters were quantitative analyzed by acoustic quantification analysis software (ACQ).Finally,surgery or biopsy were conducted.Results CEUS had higher detection rates of blood flow signals than CDFI( P ＜0.001 ).There were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01) between the primary lung cancer group and the non-lung cancer group regarding parameters peak intensity ( PI ) and enhanced intensity ( EI ).By drawing the ROC curve and obtaining the area under the curve:a cut-off value＞15.7 dB of PI in assessing lung cancer had higher sensitivity and specificity (66.7 ％,81.2％).A cut-off value＞ 10.77 dB of EI in assessing lung cancer had higher sensitivity and specificity (81.5％,68.8％).Conclusions CEUS is helpful to identify necrotic tissue in biopsy and improving the biopsy positive rate.The parameters of PI and EI can help to identify the primary lung cancer with the Nonlung cancer.

Objective To detect the B cell epitopes of human MCHR1 recognized by serum autoantibodies in patients with vitiligo. Methods The DNA encoding antigen fragments of MCHR1 from amino acid (aa) 1 to 94 were amplified from pcDNA3/MCHR1 by PCR and inserted into the vector pGEX-4T-1. After identification, the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1/MCHR1 was transfected into E. coli for fusion protein production which was purified by GST agarose affinity chromatography later. The sera from 38 vitiligo patients were examined for MCHR1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results Amino acids (aa) 1 to 94 of MCHR1 which most possibly included in B cell epitopes were selected to express. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T /MCHR1 was confirmed by sequence analysis. SDS-PAGE showed that a Mr 37 kD fusion protein was expressed by E.coli. Of the sera from vitiligo patients examined by ELISA, 5 of 38 were considered positive for MCHR1 antibody. Conclusion There are B cell epitopes in amino acids(aa) 1 to 94 of MCHR1 which can be recognized by antibodies from vitiligo patients.

BACKGROUND:Cauda equina syndrome often induces skin hypoesthesia in the perineal area, poor urine-stool control, and impairs male function. After peripheral nerve fiber injury, apoptosis of neurons appeared. This is associated with the nature of the injury, the types of neurons, the species of animals, the age, and the distance between neurons. OBJECTIVE:To explore the motor neuron apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated protein in the anterior horn of the spinal cord after acute cauda equina compression. METHODS:A total of 27 canines were randomly divided into three groups. In the compression and control groups, models of cauda equina compression were established. In the normal group, no models were established. Compression group received water sac compression for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours, with three models in each group. In the control group, only water sac was implanted, but water was not injected. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling assay was used to detect the apoptosis of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions were measured by immunohistochemical staining (strept avidin-biotin complex). Gray values of positive cels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expressions were detected using Qwin550Cw image colection and analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred in the compression groups. At 12 hours of compression, positive cels were detected, and the number of positive cels reached a peak at 72 hours. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was smal in the normal group. Caspase-3 protein expression was not detected in the normal and control groups. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased at 8 hours, peaked at 72 hours and reduced to a normal level at 168 hours. The increased range of Bax protein expression was bigger than that of Bcl-2. Caspase-3 protein began to express at 12 hours, peaked at 72 hours and reduced to a low level at 168 hours. Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression peaked at 72 hours, and Bcl-2 protein expression was not obviously increased. These findings verified that after acute cauda equina compression, the apoptosis of neurons occurred in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression showed an antagonistic action. In the Bax/Bcl-2 complex, Bax protein in a high expression promoted apoptosis, induced Caspase-3 protein expression, and neuronal apoptosis.

Objective The purpose of this study was to prepare RGD4C modified ferritin nanocages (RGD4C-FRT) for targeted drug delivery to rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). Methods RGD4C modified human H-chain ferritin was expressed and purified. Doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated into the cavity of RGD4C-FRT through ion channels, which resulted in RGD4C-FRT-Dox. The target of RGD4C-FRT-Dox to HSC-T6 was detected using fluorescence microscopy. Results Transmission electron microscopy showed that RGD4C-FRT was hollow spherical-structured with uniform size and good dispersion. The average particle diameters of RGD4C-FRT and RGD4C-FRT-Dox were 12.57 nm and 20.13 nm , respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage of RGD4C-FRT-Dox were 77.32% and 15.88% respectively. RGD4C-FRT-Dox was significantly uptaken by HSC-T6, and the uptake could be blocked by the empty carrier RGD4C-FRT. Conclusion RGD4C-FRT-Dox can specifically target HSC-T6. Further animal experiments are needed to inspect its therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To evaluate the effect of intravenous injecting plasmid encoding interleukin-19-IgG on exper-imental autoimmune myocarditis ( EAM) in rats.METHODS:Cardiac myosin was emulsified with equal volume of com-plete Freund’ s adjuvant.The animal model of EAM was established by injecting with the preparation in both footpads of the Lewis rats.The rats were intravenously injected with the plasmid encoding IL-19-IgG on day 6.Echocardiography was per-formed before the rats were sacrificed on day 17.The effect of IL-19-IgG plasmid injection was evaluated by measuring the heart weight/body weight, myocarditis area, relative expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP) and brain natri-uretic peptide (BNP) in the hearts.The mRNA expression levels of related cytokines including IL-18, IL-1β, IL-12p35 and IFN-γwere detected.RESULTS:The rats in model group showed significant myocardial damage and a decrease in the left ventricular functions.The rats in the treatment group injected with IL-19-IgG plasmid showed an improvement of the cardiac functions.The ratio of heart weight/body weight, the area of myocarditis and the mRNA levels of ANP and BNP were significantly lower in IL-19-IgG treatment group than those in model group.The mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, IL-12p35 and IFN-γwere also significantly decreased in IL-19-IgG treatment group.CONCLUSION:Intravenous injection of plasmid encoding IL-19-IgG effectively prevents the development of the left ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage in EAM rats.

Hepatotoxicity of cyclosporine A was investigated in 366 patients who received renal allografts, of whom 94 (25.68%) presented hepatotoxicity and 13 (3.55%) died. Hepatotoxicity appeared between 7 and 84 d, and lasted for 5 to 96 d. Our study suggested that cyclosporine A is not suitable for older patients with positive HBsAg and liver disfunction.