Lipases have catalytic active in both aqueous phase and the non-aqueous phase and have a wide range of application in various industrial areas.However,the high cost of lipase production has restricted its extensive use in industry.Solid state fermentation possesses many advantages,such as low requirement for devices,low energy consumption,low production cost,little pollution to environment and easily being popularized,which have made it an important means in microbial production of lipases.Owing to the rapidly increased energy cost and the people's awareness of environmental protection,the solid state fermentation technique,which was regarded as low-tech in the past,has regained attention and developed rapidly since the 1990s.The production of lipase by SSF technique was reviewed.Mainly contents describe its characteristics,including physical and chemical factors and bioreactors.

Objective To investigate the transactivating effect of hepatitis C virus(HCV)core protein on inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)gene promoter and the molecular biological mecha- nisms of HCV pathogenesis.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique was employed to amplify the sequence of iNOS promoter by using HepG2 genomic DNA as template,and the product was cloned into pGEM-T vector.The iNOSp gene was cut from T-iNOSp by KpnⅠand XhoⅠ,and then was cloned into pCAT3-Basic,the constructed vector was named as pCAT3-iNOSp,pCAT3-iN- OSp was transfected into the LO_2 cell line.LO_2 cell was also cotransfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-core and pCAT3-iNOSp by FuGENE 6 transfection reagents.The LO_2 cells transfected with pCAT3-Basic was used as negative control.The activity of CAT in LO_2 cells was detected by an ELISA kit after 48 hours,which reflected the transactivating function of HCV core protein to iNOS gene promoter.Re- sults The expressive vector pcDNA3.1(-)-core and report vector pCAT3-iNOSp had been construc- ted and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing.The expression of CAT in LO_2 cells transfected with pCAT3-iNOSp and peDNA3,1(-)-core was 11 times as higher as that of pCAT3-bas- ic,and 6 times as higher as that of pCAT3-iNOSp.Conclusion It is suggested that HCV core protein can transactivate iNOS gene promoter.

Objective To study the expression of BMI-l gene in children with acute leukemia and its clinical significance.Methods The clinical specimens of 46 children with acute leukemia who were diagnosed lately in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and other hospitals in Zhengzhou from Jul.1,2008 to Apr.30,2009 were collected,while peripheral blood specimens of 30 healthy children were collected as control group.With the guardians′ informed consent,the experiment was approved through the hospital ethics committee.The level of BMI-1 mRNA′s expression was tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),while data were analyzed through the application of SPSS 12.0 statistical software.Results 1.The level of BMI-l gene′s expression in children with acute leukemia was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05),after complete remission,BMI-1 mRNA was not detected in the 2 groups;4.Compared with the complete remission group,expression of BMI-1 mRNA in the untreated group and the recurrence group was significantly higher(P0.05).Conclusions BMI-1 gene was highly expressed in children with acute leukemia,and the level of the gene expression in patients of complete remission normalized,which suggests that the gene may be involved in the occurrence and the development process of leukemia;therefore,it is possible to regard the gene as a molecular marker to evaluate the development,relapse and prognosis of the patients with acute leukemia.

Background:The incidence of duodenal Brunner’s gland hyperplasia is low and the etiology and pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Aims:To investigate the relationship between duodenal Brunner’s gland hyperplasia and Helicobacter pylori( Hp ) infection. Methods:A total of 96 patients with duodenal Brunner ’s gland hyperplasia diagnosed by pathological examination from October 2005 to December 2013 at People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were enrolled in this study,and 270 cases without duodenal Brunner’s gland hyperplasia were served as controls. Hp infection was detected by 14 C-urea breath test( 14 C-UBT). The relationship between duodenal Brunner’s gland hyperplasia and Hp infection was analyzed. Results:In the duodenal Brunner ’s gland hyperplasia group,75 patients were Hp positive,the proportion of Hp infection was 3. 57( 75/21 ). In the control group,110 cases were Hp positive,the proportion of Hp infection was 1. 45(160/110). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2 =10. 97,P=0. 001). Hp infection was a risk factor of the genesis of duodenal Brunner’s gland hyperplasia( OR=2. 46, 95% CI:1. 44-4. 19). Conclusions:Hp infection may be related with the genesis of duodenal Brunner’s gland hyperplasia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) on diffusion-weighted imaging at acute stage of cerebral infarction.Methods 41 patients were retrospectively investigated who were diagnosed acute cerebral infarction in area of middle cerebral artery,and they got diffusion weighted imaging ( DWI ),magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) and colored ultrasonic inspection of cervical arteries within 48 hours after onset,with exclusion of cardioembolism,and 5 patients also had digital subtraction angiography (DSA).The patients were classified into CLN positive group or negative group.The stenosis or occlusion of ipsolateral MCA,intracranial and extracranial ICA were compared between the two groups.Results 9 patients'DWI had CLN,among whom 7 patients present moderate or more severe stenosis of feeding artery,and 5 patients who only had CLN signal presented severe stenosis or occlusion.32 patients'DWI had not CLN,among whom 12 patients present moderate or more severe stenosis of feeding artery.The CLN positive group had a high incidence of ipsilateral intracranial ICA and(or) MCA moderate or severe stenosis or occlusion(55.6％ vs 21.9％,x2 =3.85,P ＜ 0.05 ).The 5 patients who only had CLN signal had ipsilateral feeding artery severe stenosis.A positive correlation was found between CLN and moderate or severe stenosis or occlusion of ipsilateral intracranial ICA and(or) MCA(OR:4.5,95％ CI:1.0 ～ 20.2).Conclusion Patients with acute cerebral infarction and CLN on DWI were more likely to suffer from moderate or severe stenosis or occlusion of feeding large artery,and these patients should be evaluated vessel condition.

Objective To explore the effect of the 3rd generation Gamma nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.Methods 32 cases with intertrochanteric fractures were treated with the third generation Gamma nail internal fixation.Results Mter follow-up,the excellent and good rate was 87.6％.Conclusion The third generation Gamma nail treatment is a good internal fixation for intertrochanteric fracture of femur.

The fermentation conditions of alkaline lipase producing by Pseudomonas cepacia PCL-3 were optimized.Based on the analysis of single factorial experiments,dextrin was the most suitable carbon source,peptone and urea were the suitable compound nitrogen sources among the examined materials.Three significant factors(urea,inoculum and initial pH) were selected from the eight factors related to lipase production by Plaekett-Burman method,and were further optimized with response surface analysis.And then,steepest ascent procedures were applied to define the optimal response region of the three factors.The obtained optimal conditions were urea 0.15%,inoculum 3.05% and initial pH 8.38,under which conditions,the enzyme activity was improved from 25.37 U/ml to 48.88 U/ml,enhanced 1.93 folds.Starting from the flask conditions,the highest lipase activity of 47.69U/ml was achieved by batch fermentation in a 10 L fermentor after 52 h of the cultivation.

AIM:To evaluate the repeatability of axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) obtained by A scan ultrasonography, and to compare AL and ACD obtained by A scan with those obtained by IOL Master.METHODS:Two hundred and fifty-seven cataract eyes of 170 patients were included.IOL Master and A scan were performed for each eye.Five measurements of IOL Master and 3 measurements of A scan were obtained.All the tested eyes were divided into 5 groups according to AL obtained by A scan:Group A (2129mm, 21 eyes).Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied to evaluate the repeatability of AL and ACD obtained by A scan.Paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the differences and correlations of AL and ACD obtained by the 2 devices, respectively.Bland-Altman plots were presented to analyze the agreements of AL and ACD obtained by the 2 devices.RESULTS:All the Cronbach's Alpha and ICCs of AL and ACD values were more than 0.98.The differences of AL values between A scan and IOL Master were-0.11±0.08mm in Group A,-0.15±0.10mm in Group B,-0.19±0.15 mm in Group C,-0.29±0.16mm in Group D and-0.45±0.29mm in Group E, respectively (all P<0.01).The differences of ACD values between A scan and IOL Master were-0.10±0.16mm in Group A,-0.06±0.13mm in Group B,-0.06±0.13mm in Group C,-0.19±0.10mm in Group D,-0.18±0.21mm in Group E, respectively (all P<0.01).In all groups, the AL and ACD values obtained by A scan and IOL Master presented good correlations (all r>0.89, all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The AL and ACD values in cataract eyes obtained by A scan were repeatable.The AL and ACD values obtained by A scan were smaller than those obtained by IOL Master.With the increase of AL values, the differences of AL values between A scan and IOL Master increased.

?AIM:To investigate the correlation between dry eye and different degrees of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) in type 2 diabetic patients.?METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 340 patients (340 eyes) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Tear film function tests including tear meniscus height, tear film breakup time ( BUT ) , fluorescein staining, Schirmer Ⅰtest were performed followed by surveying questionnaires about dry eye. Retinal status was evaluated by retinal color photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy exam with dilated pupils to evaluate DR and whether companied by macular edema.?RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye was 49. 41%. The mean duration of diabetes in patients with dry eye was 11.15±7.07a, while 6.92±5.45a without dry eye(P<0.01). Dry eye had the positive correlation to the development of DR. The incidence of dry eye in people with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1. 097 times, 1. 724 times, 2. 86 times and 5. 43 times respectively, compared with people without DR. The occurrence of dry eye in people with macular edema increased by 3. 697 times compared with people without macular edema.?CONCLUSION: Dry eye was more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of dry eye increased gradually with the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To detect serum ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) levels in the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC),and analyze their differences among different clinicopathological features subgroups and changes during the perioperative period.Methods Serum samples from 130 preoperative ESCC patients,62 patients 1 week after operation,14 patients 1 week and 2 weeks after operation and 67 healthy controls,and clinicopathological data from ESCC patients were collected.Serum UHRF1 levels were detected by ELISA,and the differences among different groups were analyzed with independent t test,paired t test or one-way ANOVA.Results Serum UHRF1 levels in 130 preoperative ESCC patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls (t =7.680,P ＜ 0.01),and they were related to the ESCC patients' tumor size,differentiation degree,tumor invasion,lymph nodes metastasis and pTNM stage (P ＜ 0.05),but unrelated to the patients' age,gender,tumor location and types (P ＞ 0.05).Serum UHRF1 levels in 62 postoperative patients were significantly lower than that before operation (t =5.530,P ＜ 0.01),but similar to that in healthy controls (t =1.622,P ＞ 0.05).The serum UHRF1 levels before operation,1 week after operation and 2 weeks after operation in 14 ESCC patients decreased gradually (F =7.595,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Serum UHRF1 levels may be a potential biomarker for dynamically monitoring perioperative ESCC patients.