Objective To explore the effects and safety of citalopram combined with low-dose risperidone on refractory depression. Methods All of 54 patients with the refractory depression were ran-domly divided into two groups: augmented treatment group (taken citalopram 20 mg/d, risperidone 0.5-2.0mg/d) and mono-thempy group (taken citalopram alone 20 mg/d). The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. They were estimated with Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) at baseline and every two weeks subsequently. Results In the augment-ed treatment group, total effective rate was 60.7% and recovery and excellence rate was 50.0%, while that was 26.9% and 15.4% in mono-therapy group (P< 0.05). The adverse effect of two groups was minor. Conclu-sion Rispefidone may be a useful and safe adjunct to citalopram in treatment of refractory depression.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of PET-CT to diagnose breast cancer and the axiUary lymph nodes metastasis. Methods 40 patients with breast cancer performed PET-CT were enrolled in the research. Qualitation the primary tumor and accuracy of PET-CT were evaluated on pathological results and compared with axillary lymph nodes dissection. To analyzed the concordance of the size of primary tumor on pathological result with B-mode ultrasonic and PET-CT and the correlation with the SUV. Results The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT in identifying breast cancer were 95%, 94%, 100%. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT based on the situation of the axillary lymph node dissection were 88.2% 89.2% 83.3%. A significant association was found between tumor weiweihong and PET-CT, furthermore it had not association with SUV. Conclusion The diagnosis of PET-CT in identifying breast cancer and the axillary lymph node metastasis basically conforms to pathology. It possesses high sensitivity and specificity especially in identifying the size of the primary lesion. It offers a beneficial method to determine the axillary lymph node dissection and reasonable therapeutic regimen.

Objective To investigate the association of age,precipitating factors and seasons of symptom onset of urinary stones with patients who have or have no family history. Methods The questionaires were used to survey 360 urinary stone cases with family history,1200 cases without family history and 1000 normal controls in Chongqing Area. Results In the 360 patients with family history,the morbidity rates of the first degree relatives and second degree relatives were 10.71%(147/1372) and 1.68%(54/3214), respectively.But in those without family history,the morbidity rates of the first degree relatives and second degree relatives was 0.66%(23/3480) and 0.12%(9/7345),respectively.Among the patients with family history,the mean age of morbidity for the males (26.35 years) was younger than that of the females (36.4 years, t=1.75,P 0.05).There was no significant difference of the precipitating factors and symptom onset seasons between patients with or without family history,while the enviropmental factors had significant effects on the morbidity of urinary stone patients,without regard to family history(? 2=0.23, P

Aim To investigate the effect of tanshinoneⅡA(TSN) on the hypertrophy induced by angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)in the primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Cardiomyocytes of Wistar rats were cultured with pancreatin and preplating technique. The hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes was induced with angiotensinⅡ, and intervened with TanshinoneⅡA and Valsartan. The effect of TSN on cardiomyocytewas evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) assay. As the index of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, protein synthesis rate was measured by ~3H-Leucine incorporation and the cell size was determined by phase contrast microscope. The proto-oncogene c-fos、c-myc and c-jun mRNA expressions were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Exposure of cultured cardiomyocytes to TSN (5～80 ?mol?L~ -1 ) for 24 h produced marginal cytotoxicity. Additonally, myocyte monolayers continued to contract synchronously in the presence of TSN. With the treatment of cardiomyocytes by AngII for 7 days, the cell size of cardiomyocytes of the group of Ang Ⅱ(28.5?3.8) ?m increased more prominently than the group of control(19.8?1.9) ?m(P

Aim To observe effects of Sodium tanshinoneⅡA sulfonate(STS) on angiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Methods In the primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, as indexes of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, the total protein was determined by coomassie brilliant blue and protein synthesis rate was measured by [3H]-Leucine incorporation. The expression of p-ERK1/2 was assessed using Western blot and fluorescence microscope. Results ① The total protein and protein synthesis rate stimulated by Ang Ⅱ(1 ?mol?L-1)in the cardiomyocytes increased significantly in contrast to that of control; STS could effectively decrease the increased total protein level induced by Ang Ⅱand markedly inhibit synthesis of protein. ② AngⅡ(1 ?mol?L-1) had the effect of promoting activation of ERK1/2 and then appeared in nucleus rapidly. The translocation process of ERK1/2 induced by AngⅡ was blocked distinctly by STS. ③ Cardiomyocyte pretreated with Ang Ⅱ(1 ?mol?L-1)for 5 min, the p-ERK1/2 protein expression began to increase ,the peak effect was at 10 min. While pretreatment with STS(2, 10, 50 ?mol?L-1) ,Ang Ⅱ-induced increase in p-ERK1/2 were inhibited evidently. ④ In pretreatment of cardiomyocyte with STS in different doses for 30 min, STS was found to be able to inhibit the expression of p-ERK1/2 stimulated by AngⅡ in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The results suggested that activation of ERK1/2 might play an important role in cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ,and the anti-hypertrophic effect of STS on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by AngⅡ might be associated to its inhibitory effect on ERK signaling pathway.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of omapatrilat on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) in culture. Methods Cultured HUVECs were randomly divided into 4 groups:①control; ②AngⅡ;③omapatrilat and ④AngⅡ+omapatrilat. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was evaluated by spectrophotometer and cell cycle by flow cytometry (FCM); Nitric oxide (NO) was measured by colorimetry and endothelin-1 (ET-1) by radioimmunoassay. Results 10 -7 mol?L -1 AngⅡ significantly increased LDH leakage and ET-1 release, and this increase was inhibited by omapatrilat (10 -6 mol?L -1). Omapatrilat promoted HUVECs proliferation and NO release. Conclusion Omapatrilat can protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in culture, suggesting that it may play an important role in prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ureter ; drug effects ; physiology ; Urination ; drug effects ; Vitamin K 3 ; pharmacology

Acute Disease ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Toluidines ; poisoning ; Young Adult

The secondary development of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is an important content of TCM modernization process, as well as an important path for developing new TCM drugs. Under the guidance of the system theory, in response to the lack of the overall guideline and practical methods for the secondary development of TCMs at present, we introduced the overall thought of the secondary development of major TCM varieties, as well as the roles and contents of clinical research, pharmacology and pharmaceutics in the process of the secondary development of major TCM varieties, so as to provide systematic strategies and methods for the development of major TCM varieties.
Biomedical Research ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacology

The secondary development of major traditional Chinese medicine varieties is one of important links during the modernization, scientification and standardization of traditional Chinese medicines. How to accurately and effectively identify the pharmacodynamic material basis of original formulae becomes the primary problem in the secondary development, as well as the bottleneck in the modernization development of traditional Chinese medicines. On the basis of the existing experimental methods, and according to the study thought that the multi-component and complex effects of traditional Chinese medicine components need to combine multi-disciplinary methods and technologies, we propose the study thought of the material basis of secondary development of major traditional Chinese medicine varieties based on the combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments. It is believed that studies on material basis needs three links, namely identification, screening and verification, and in vivo and in vitro study method corresponding to each link is mutually complemented and verified. Finally, the accurate and reliable material basis is selected. This thought provides reference for the secondary development of major traditional Chinese medicine varieties and studies on compound material basis.
Absorption ; Animals ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods