Objective To explore the influence of practical teaching in community in health education on the nurses' critical thinking ability in higher vocational school.Methods The contrast group was to fulfill practical teaching according to teaching plans.On weekends,the experimental group organizeed nurses to create wall newspapers about health education,carry out health education consultation,check residents' health responsibly and create family healthy files etc.The assessment of critical thinking ability was measured with Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory,CTDI-CV.Results There was a distinct difference about their critical thinking ability between the two groups(P ＜ 0.01).5 items showed clear differences among 7 excepts the ability of analysis and desire for knowledge.Conclusions Pratical teaching in community in health education can improve nurses' ability of critical thinking effectively.[Key words ] Health education;Community; Practical teaching; Nurse of higher vocationalschool;Critical thinking ability

Aim To investigate the analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on Cav1 . 2 expression in the dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) of mice with sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury ( CCI ) -induced neuropathic pain. Methods Forty male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =5 ): sham group ( group S) , CCI group ( group C ) and L-THP group ( group L) . Steady mice models of neuropathic pain were es-tablished by inducing CCI of sciatic nerve. According to development of neuropathic pain in mice, L group was divided into induction period, induction with ma-intenance period and long-term low-dose group. The mice were intraperitoneally administered with 45 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine in induction ( day 0~5 ) , in-duction with maintenance ( day 0~5 , 14~19 ) period of neuropathic pain state. From the instant after opera-tion, 15 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine was injected into the long-term low-dose group once per day for 19 days. Then, the behavior changes of mice were moni-tored. Moreover, the threshold of mechanical and ther-mal stimuli was tested. In addition, the expression of Cav1 . 2 protein was detected by Western blot and im-munohistochemical staining. Results The lowest ex-pression of Cav1 . 2 was observed in group C and the highest expression level of Cav1 . 2 was found in group S. Cav1. 2 expression was significantly up-regulated in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01). Compared with group C, high dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group showed reduced mechanical allodynia and ther-mal hyperalgesia induced by nerve injury ( P <0. 05 , P<0. 01). Meanwhile, high dose of tetrahydropalma-tine significantly relieved the mechanical allodynia in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and thermal hyperalgesia in maintenance period group (P<0. 05). However, there was no ob-vious effect on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyper-algesia induced by nerve injury ( P >0. 05 ) in long-term low-dose group. Conclusions High dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and low-dose among the whole experiment process obviously relieves the neuro-pathic pain induced by nerve injury. The analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on neuropathic pain may be due to the increased expression of Cav1 . 2 protein in DRG neurons.

Objective To optimize the short tandem repeats(STR)which link closely to survival motor neuron(SMN)and have redundant polymorphism information contents,and to use these STR in the prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy(SMA).Methods Eleven STR loci(D5S435,D5F153, DSF151,D5S637,D5S1413,D5S125,D5S464,D5S1556,DSF149,D5S351,MAP1B-5')were amplified by PCR.Then the PCR products were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)and analyzed by silver staining.STR loci were evaluated and optimized by their PIC values.PCR-PAGE and gene scan were combined to make genetic link analysis for SMA families based on the optimized STR.Results Three STR loci(D5S435,DSF149 and D5S351)were selected with 8,19 and 18 polymorphic fragments detected respectively in 100 normal individuals.Their PIC values were 0.84,0.91 and 0.92 respectively.Four carriers and 2 normal individuals were detected from 6 SMA families with linkage analysis by using the 3 STR.Conclusion This genetic diagnosis system based on the 3 STR loci can provide rapid prenatal diagnosis for SMA families,can eliminate maternal blood contamination,and also can discriminate carriers from normal individuals in the fetuses,which makes the prenatal diagnosis system of SMA perfect.

OBJECTIVETo examine the protective effect of ecdysterone (ECR) against beta-amyloid peptide fragment(25-35) (Abeta(25-35))-induced PC12 cells cytotoxicity, and to further explore its mechanism.

METHODSExperimental PC12 cells were divided into the Abeta group (treated by Abeta(25-35) 100 micromol/L), the blank group (untreated), the positive control group (treated by Vit E 100 micromol/L after induction) and the ECR treated groups (treated by ECR with different concentrations of 1, 50 and 100 micromol/L). The damaged and survival condition of PC12 cells in various groups was monitored by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT assay. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by fluorometric assay to indicate the lipid peroxidation. And the antioxidant enzymes activities in PC12 cells, including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were detected respectively.

RESULTSAfter PC12 cells were treated with Abeta(25-35) (100 micromol/L) for 24 hrs, they revealed a great decrease in MTT absorbance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px as well as a significant increase of LDH activity and MDA content in PC12 cells (P < 0.01). When the cells was pretreated with 1-100 micromol/L ECR for 24 hrs before Abeta(25-35) treatment, the above-mentioned cytotoxic effect of Abeta(25-35) could be significantly attenuated dose-dependently, for ECR 50 micromol/L, P < 0.05 and for ECR 100 micromol/L, P < 0.01. Moreover, ECR also showed significant inhibition on the Abeta(25-35) induced decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activity, but not on that of CAT.

CONCLUSIONECR could protect PC12 cells from cytotoxicity of Abeta(25-35), and the protective mechanism might be related to the increase of SOD and GSH-Px activities and the decrease of MDA resulting from the ECR-pretreatment.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Catalase ; analysis ; Ecdysterone ; pharmacology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; analysis ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; analysis ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of local co-transfection vascular endothelial growth factor165 (VEGF165) and tissue-type plasminogen activator genes on inhibiting intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in rabbits artery after operation injury and possible mechanisms.

METHODSMicrology operation injury was used to establish the model of intimal injury of right external iliac artery in rabbits. To select 120 male New Zealand rabbits and were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 40, in each group): Group A (physiological brine control group), Group B (pBudCE4.1 group), Group C (pBudCE4.1/VEGF165-tPA group). The vas-wall of micrology operation injury were infused respectively physiological brine, pBudCE4.1 and pBudCE4.1/VEGF165-tPA transfection solution by micro-injector. Each group were divided into 5 subgroups (n = 8, in each subgroup) randomly according to the sacrifice times (2 d, 1 week, 2 week, 4 week and 8 week after operation). The injured vascular specimen were harvested for pathology test, electric microscopy study, reverse transcription-PCR examining and immunochemistry detecting.

RESULTSThe intimal area and narrow ratio of vases in Group C at every time point after operation were significantly lessened than that in Group A and Group B (P < 0.01). The narrow ratio of vases in Group C at 8 week after operation were decreased respectively by 57.9% and 59.0% than that in Group A and B. The expression of VEGF165 mRNA in Group C were increased significantly than that in Group A and B at every time point after operation (P < 0.01), the expression reached the peak at 1 week and continued to 4 week after operation. Immunohistochemical identified that tPA positive cell in Group C were significantly increased than that in Group A and B (P < 0.01) at every time point after operation.

CONCLUSIONLocal co-transfection VEGF165 and tPA genes could restrain intimal hyperplasia and restenosis of vas, which lay a foundation for future multi-gene therapy of vascular intimal hyperplasia.

Animals ; Arteries ; pathology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Hyperplasia ; prevention & control ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Plasmids ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tunica Intima ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of total coptis alkaloids (TCA) on beta -amyloid peptide (A beta 25-35) induced learning and memory dysfunction in rats, and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the model group, the TCA low dose (60 mg/kg) group and the TCA high dose (120 mg/kg) group, 10 in each. A beta 25-35 (5microl, 2 microg/microl) was injected into bilateral hippocampi of each rat to induce learning and memory dysfunction. TCA were administered through intragavage for consecutive 15 days. Morris Water Maze test was used to assess the impairment of learning and memory; concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cerebral cortex was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance to indicate the level of lipid peroxidation in brain tissues; activity of manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in cerebral cortex was determined by xanthine-oxidase to indicate the activity of the enzyme; and NF- kappa B protein expression in cerebral cortex was measured by SP immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) Morris Water Maze test showed that, during the 4 consecutive days of acquisition trials, the rats in the model group took longer latency and searching distance than those in the control group (P<0.01), which could be shortened by high dose TCA (P<0.05); during the spatial probe trial on the fifth day, the rats in the model group took shorter searching time and distance on the previous flat area than those in the control group (P<0.01), which could be prolonged after TCA treatment (for low dose group, P<0.05; for high dose group, P<0.01). (2) Analysis of cerebral cortical tissues showed that, compared with the control group, MDA level got significantly increased and Mn-SOD activity decreased in the model group (both P<0.01). After having been treated with TCA, the MDA level got significantly decreased (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively for low and high dose group), while relative increase of Mn-SOD activity only appeared in high dose group (P<0.05). (3) Immunohistochemistry analysis showed the protein expression of NF- kappa B got significantly increased after modeling, while high dose TCA can significantly inhibit it.

CONCLUSIONTCA could improve A beta 25-35 induced dysfunction of learning and memory in rats, and its protective mechanism is associated with its actions in decreasing MDA level, increasing Mn-SOD activity and inhibiting the expression of NF-kappa B in cerebral cortex.

Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Injections ; Learning Disorders ; chemically induced ; psychology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; chemically induced ; psychology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Swimming

Objective To analyze whether free fatty acids(FFA)are associated with anxiety and depression in elderly patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients by using questionnaires.According to the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),126 patients were divided into the depression group (n=94),non-depression group (n =32),and anxiety group (n =48),and non-anxiety group (n =78).The difference in FFA levels between the two groups was analyzed.Moreover,the association of FFA with anxiety and depression was analyzed Results The incidence of anxiety in elderly patients with CHF was 38.1％(48 cases),and the incidence of depression was 74.6％ (94 cases).FFA levels were higher in both the anxiety and depression groups than in the non-anxiety and non-depression groups [(559.9 ± 256.2)μmol/L vs.(393.8 ± 147.8) μmol/L,(573.8 ± 264.7)μmol/L vs.(483.2 ± 225.2)μmol/L,P＜0.05 and 0.01)].The FFA level was positively correlated with SAS and SDS in elderly patients with CHF(r=0.214 and 0.275,P＜0.05 and 0.01).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the FFA level was a risk factor for elderly CHF patients with anxiety(β=0.074,95％CI:0.024～0.125,P=0.004)and depression(β=0.084,95％CI:0.022～0.145,P=0.008).Conclusions FFA levels are correlated with anxiety and depression in elderly patients with CHF.The FFA level is a risk factor for anxiety and depression in elderly patients with CHF.Psychological intervention should be carried out early in CHF patients with high levels of FFA to reduce the incidence of anxiety and depression.

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of ricin-immunotoxin mediated T cell partially depleted HLA/MLC mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 13 patients with hematological malignancies were treated by ricin-immunotoxin mediated T cell partially depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations from HLA/MLC mismatched donors, including 6 cases of CML in CP(1), 1 case of ALL in CR(1), 1 case of ALL in CR(2), 1 case of ALL in relapse, 2 cases of AML in CR(1), 1 case of AML in CR(2), 1 case of MDS-RAEBT-AML (M(4)) in CR(1). The results showed that 8 cases were engrafted successfully, 2 cases of them developed grade II acute GVHD and 2 cases developed grade III-IV acute GVHD. Within following-up of 8 - 90 months, 2 patients who experienced grade III-IV acute GVHD died early after transplantation; 1 patient died of late onset of infection; the other 5 patients survived free from diseases. After failure at first infusion, 4 patients were given reinfusion of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells from the same donor. 3 out of 4 cases failed to engraft and only one patient got engraftment but died of related complications of transplantation. One patient was performed a second transplantation from a syngeneic donor and survive free of disease until now. In conclusion, T cell partially depleted HLA/MLC mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by ricin-immunotoxin decreases the occurrence of severe acute GVHD but with high risk of rejection, which clinical outcome still needs further evaluation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; epidemiology ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; mortality ; Humans ; Immunotoxins ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; methods ; Male ; Ricin ; pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical response, pathological complete response (pCR), tumor resection rate and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel and epirubicin (ET) for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).

METHODSFrom March to December 2001, 40 women with LABC, aged from 28-67 (medium 48) years were alloted. Twenty patients had clinical stage IIIa disease, 15 had stage IIIb disease and 5 stage IV patients who had ipsilateral sura-clavicular metastasis. The dose was: epirubicin (E) 60 mg/m2, docetaxel (T) 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, with G-CSF given preventively. After 2 cycles of ET, a pilot clinical response evaluation was performed by investigators for each patient to decide if she should receive another 1-2 cycles of ET before surgery or radiation therapy.

RESULTSThirty-eight patients received 2-3 cycles of ET regimen. The pCR, clinical complete response (cCR) and clinical partial response (cPR) rates were 15.0%, 20.0% and 52.5%, respectively. Tumor resection rate in this group was 92.5%. Incidence of III/IV Grade neutropenia was 8.4%/14.0% of cycles, and 3 patients suffered from neutropenia with fever. Non-hematological adverse events were alopecia, nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, myalgia, arthralgia and nail disorders, which were mild to moderate.

CONCLUSIONNeo-adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of docetaxel and epirubicin is effective and well tolerated by women with locally advanced breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Remission Induction

Objective To analyze the impact of parental Metabolic Syndrome(MS)on adolescents,and to explore the familial aggregation of MS with its components.Methods Using a 1:3 case-control familial study design to choose 26 MS male patients as proband and 78 healthy men as controls.Data regarding phenotype of their adolescence offspring were collected.Height,weight,waist circumference(WC),blood pressure,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)and waist-to-height ratio(WHtR)were measured or calculated.FPG,TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer and hs-CRP was detected.Results WC,WHtR,WHR,DBP and hs-CRP of those adolescents with paternal MS were significantly higher than in controls(P＜0.05).Rates of MS,Obesity depend WC,low level of HDL-C of adolescent with paternal MS were significantly higher than in controls(P＜0.05).The rate of number on MS was significantly higher in case group than in control(r=0.231,P＜0.05).Conclusion The phenotypes of MS were different between adolescents with or without parental MS,indicating that the familial aggregation of MS had been existed in their adolescent offspring,and mainly presented in central obesity,increased blood pressure and inflammation.