Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; etiology ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology

The study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PPK/PD) model of warfarin. PCR-RFLP technique was used to genotype the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms of 73 patients. RP-HPLC-UV method was used to determine the 190 plasma concentrations of warfarin. Application of NONMEM, the clinical information and 263 international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring data were used to investigate the effect of genetic, physiological, pathological factors, other medication on clearance and anticoagulant response. The final model of warfarin PPK/PD was described as follows: CL = θCL · (WT/60)θWT · θCYP · eηCL (if CYP2C9*1/*1, θCYP = 1; if *1/*3, θCYP = 0.708); EC50 = θEC50 · θVKOR · eηEC50 (if VKORC1- 1639AA, θVKOR = 1; if GA, θVKOR = 2.01; V = θV; K(E0) = θK(E0); Emax = θEmax; E0 = θE0 · eηE0. Among them, the body weight (WT), CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype had conspicuous effect on warfarin PK/PD parameters. The goodness diagnosis, Bootstrap, NPDE verification showed that the final model was stable, effective and predictable. It may provide a reference for opitimizing the dose regimen of warfarin.
Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Body Weight ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases ; genetics ; Warfarin ; pharmacokinetics

Objective:To compare the properties of three kinds of denture base materials treated and untreated by hydraulic pressure cooker. Methods: The impact strength, flexural strength, flexural elastic modulus and color difference roughness of three denture base materials, Kunshan Rijin(KR),GC UNIFAST Trad(GC), Shanghai Zhangjiang(SZ), were measured in vitro. All results were statistically analyzed with SPSS software to have ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 tests, α=0.05. Results: Comparison of the same materials between the treated materials and the untreated materials by hydraulic pressure cooker: there were significant statistical differences of impact strength for all the materials. There were significant statistical differences of color difference for KR and SZ. Comparison of the three materials: impact strength, GC>SZ>KR;flexural strength, KR>SZ>GC;flexural elastic modulus, KR>SZ>GC;roughness, GC>KR>SZ. Conclusion: The properties of denture base materials treated by hydraulic pressure cooker are good.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Teratoma ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a kind of emergency treatment for cardiopulmonary arrest, and chest compression is the most important and necessary part of CPR. The American Heart Association published the new Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care in 2010 and demanded for better performance of chest compression practice, especially in compression depth and rate. The current study was to explore the relationship of quality indexes of chest compression and to identify the key points in chest compression training and practice.METHODS: Totally 219 healthcare workers accepted chest compression training by using Laerdal ACLS advanced life support resuscitation model. The quality indexes of chest compression, including compression hands placement, compression rate, compression depth, and chest wall recoil as well as self-reported fatigue time were monitored by the Laerdal Computer Skills and Reporting System.RESULTS: The quality of chest compression was related to the gender of the compressor. The indexes in males, including self-reported fatigue time, the accuracy of compression depth and the compression rate, the accuracy of compression rate, were higher than those in females. However, the accuracy of chest recoil was higher in females than in males. The quality indexes of chest compression were correlated with each other. The self-reported fatigue time was related to all the indexes except the compression rate.CONCLUSION: It is necessary to offer CPR training courses regularly. In clinical practice, it might be better to change the practitioner before fatigue, especially for females or weak practitioners. In training projects, more attention should be paid to the control of compression rate, in order to delay the fatigue, guarantee enough compression depth and improve the quality of chest compression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; etiology ; therapy ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Objective:To investigate the analgesic time-effect characteristics and changes in concentrations of rabbit's hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NE) caused by buccal acupuncture in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rabbits,and to reveal the analgesic central mechanism of buccal acupuncture,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of pain by buccal acupuncture.Methods:Forty rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a body acupuncture group,and a buccal acupuncture group,with 10 rabbits in each group.No model was established in the normal group,while equal dose of normal saline was injected at the matched site and time point;rabbits in other groups were subjected to the establishment of RA models using egg protein.From the 27th day of the experiment,rabbits in each group received the designated intervention.Rabbits in the normal group and the model group were fixed for 30 min every day using the same method as those in the other groups.In the acupuncture group,Dubi (ST 35) and Zusanli (ST 36) on bilateral hind limbs were selected.Perpendicular needling (using the needles with 0.25 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length) was performed with twirling manipulation for 15 s at intervals of 5 min.The needles were retained for 30 min and acupuncture was performed once a day.In the buccal acupuncture group,the knee point in the buccal acupuncture and needles with a diameter of 0.25 mm and a length of 15 mm were selected.Oblique needling was performed with twirling manipulation for 15 s at intervals of 5 min.The needles were retained for 30 min and acupuncture was performed once a day.The thermal pain thresholds at the 0,5,15,30,60,120 and 240 min after the 1st and 10th acupuncture therapy were measured with a PL-200 thermal-inducing pain meter.After the 10th acupuncture therapy,rabbit's hypothalamus was removed,and the 5-HT and NE concentrations in the hypothalamus at the peak point of the acupuncture pain threshold curve were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results:The analgesic effect was obvious at 5 min after buccal acupuncture started,peaked at 30 min,and decreased to the lowest value at 240 min.Rabbits in the body acupuncture group began to show significant analgesic effect at 15 min,which was peaked at 30 min,and began to decline at 60 min.The pain threshold at 240 min was still higher than that at 0 min.Compared with the model group,the concentrations of hypothalamic 5-HT in the buccal acupuncture group and the body acupuncture group was significantly increased,and the between-group differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The NE/5-HT ratios in hypothalamus in the buccal acupuncture group and the body acupuncture group were significantly lower than the ratio in the model group,and the differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05);difference in the decrease was statistically significant between the buccal acupuncture group and the body acupuncture group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The analgesic effect of buccal acupuncture shows an obvious time-dependent curve.It is characterized by rapid onset of pain relief,rapid increase and decline in pain threshold.5-HT and NE levels in rabbit's hypothalamus can be affected by buccal acupuncture,with increased 5-HT concentration and reduced NE/5-HT ratio.

Background Age-related cataract is one of the common causes of blindness.Although the pathophysiology of age-related cataract is far from clearly understood,it is well accepted that DNA damage plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis.Objective The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of age-related cataract.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out.This study complied Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Two hundred and eleven patients with agerelated cataract and 147 normal subjects were enrolled from a “ Jiangsu Eye Study:Funing 2011 Eye Disease Epidemic Survey”.All the subjects aged from 50 through 80 years with matched age and gender between the two groups.The percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) were detected by comet assay to assess the extent of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes.Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 software,and the differences of the percentage of tail DNA and OTM were compared between the age-related cataract group and normal control group by independent sample t test as well as among the 50-59 years group,60-69 years group and ≥70 years group by one-way analysis of variance.Results Comet assay showed a round lymph cell with the clear border in the normal group;while in the age-related cataract group,the cell was bigger with a comet-like tail.The percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (21.75 ± 3.51) ％ and 6.54 ± 1.65 in the age-related cataract group,and those in the normal control group were (9.31 ±3.60)％ and 2.18 ± 1.10,respectively,with significant differences between them (t =32.67,P =0.00 ; t =28.02,P =O.00).In the 50-59 years subgroup of the age-related cataract group,the percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (20.04±2.86) ％ and 5.92± 1.14,and in the 60-69 years subgroup of the age-related cataract group,the percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (20.77 ±2.93) ％ and 6.13 ± 1.14,which were significantly reduced in comparison with (22.79 ± 3.67)％ and 6.95±1.91 of the ≥70years subgroup(TailDNA％:q=2.75,P=0.00; q=2.02,P=0.00;OTM:q=1.03,P =0.02 ; q =0.82,P =0.00).Conclusions The pathogenesis and development of age-related cataract probably is associated with DNA damage.

Objective To investigate the changes in the prescriptions of antidepressants for inpatients with psychosis from 2005 to 2008. Methods The prescriptions of antidepressants for all the inpatients with psychosis in Shanghai Mental Health Center were investigated by one day survey on each June 1st from 2005 to 2008. The most common diseases treated with antidepressants, the most commonly used antidepressants, the average dosage of antidepressants and the combination use of antidepressants were analysed. Results The most common diseases treated with antidepressants were affective disorder, schizophrenia and neurosis. The prescription rate of tricyclic antidepressants declined year by year, and that of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluctuated moderately, while that of antidepressants of newer generation with the other transmitter mechanisms such as venlafaxine, mitrazapine and trazodone increased gradually. Single antidepressant prescription was common, while the combination use of antidepressants accounted for a small portion. Combination use of antidepressants with one psychotropics (antipsychotics, mood stabilizer, sedative hypnotics) was common, while with two were less frequently occurred. Conclusion Prescriptions of antidepressants for patients with psychosis hospitalized in Shanghai Mental Health Center from 2005 to 2008 are relatively safe and reasonable. Antidepressants of newer generation have been widely used in clinics, and SSRIs have been serving as the major antidepressants.

Aim To investigate the analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on Cav1 . 2 expression in the dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) of mice with sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury ( CCI ) -induced neuropathic pain. Methods Forty male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =5 ): sham group ( group S) , CCI group ( group C ) and L-THP group ( group L) . Steady mice models of neuropathic pain were es-tablished by inducing CCI of sciatic nerve. According to development of neuropathic pain in mice, L group was divided into induction period, induction with ma-intenance period and long-term low-dose group. The mice were intraperitoneally administered with 45 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine in induction ( day 0~5 ) , in-duction with maintenance ( day 0~5 , 14~19 ) period of neuropathic pain state. From the instant after opera-tion, 15 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine was injected into the long-term low-dose group once per day for 19 days. Then, the behavior changes of mice were moni-tored. Moreover, the threshold of mechanical and ther-mal stimuli was tested. In addition, the expression of Cav1 . 2 protein was detected by Western blot and im-munohistochemical staining. Results The lowest ex-pression of Cav1 . 2 was observed in group C and the highest expression level of Cav1 . 2 was found in group S. Cav1. 2 expression was significantly up-regulated in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01). Compared with group C, high dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group showed reduced mechanical allodynia and ther-mal hyperalgesia induced by nerve injury ( P <0. 05 , P<0. 01). Meanwhile, high dose of tetrahydropalma-tine significantly relieved the mechanical allodynia in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and thermal hyperalgesia in maintenance period group (P<0. 05). However, there was no ob-vious effect on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyper-algesia induced by nerve injury ( P >0. 05 ) in long-term low-dose group. Conclusions High dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and low-dose among the whole experiment process obviously relieves the neuro-pathic pain induced by nerve injury. The analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on neuropathic pain may be due to the increased expression of Cav1 . 2 protein in DRG neurons.