Objective To identify antimicrobial susceptibilities of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections and the risk factors of severe infections.Methods Clinical data of 184 cases of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections collected from 4 hospitals in Ningbo during May 2008 and May 2013 were reviewed.Microbial sensitivity test and virulence genes ( pvl and tst) detection were performed in clinical isolates, and SCCmec genotyping was performed in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) strains.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for severe infections.Results Among 184 cases of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections, 39 ( 21.20%) were severe cases. Staphylococcus aureus strains were highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, but more than 75% strains were sensitive to oxacillin, aminoglycosides, quinolones, rifampicin and vancomycin.Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (OR=1.024, 95%CI:1.005-1.043, P<0.05), malignant tumor (OR=15.288, 95%CI:1.609-145.229, P<0.05) , autoimmune diseases or long-term hormone therapy ( OR=12.102, 95%CI:2.082-70.338, P <0.01 ) were risk factors for severe community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections. Conclusions Strains isolated from the patients with community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Ningbo are usually sensitive to oxacillin, aminoglycosides, quinolones, rifampicin and vancomycin, which may be recommended for clinical use.Elder patients and those with malignant tumor, autoimmune diseases or long-term hormone therapy are more likely to develop severe Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatopoietin Cn(HPPCn) on liver stem cells.Methods In this study, WB-F344 cell line was used, and MTT and flow cytometry assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis.Transwell assay was used to test the migration of WB-F344 cells.A 2AAF-partial hepatectomy(PH) mouse model was used to observe the effect of HPPCn on liver stem cell proliferation in vivo.Results HPPCn enhanced WB-F344 cell proliferation and migration and activated the SphK1, Erk and Stat3 signal pathways.The analysis of the 2AAF-PH mouse model showed that oval cells in the experimental group far outnumbered those in control and the regeneration of the liver was improved post PH.Conclusion HPPCn can increase the liver stem cell proliferation and survival while promoting the regenenation of the liver by augmenting oval cell proliferation.

Objective To investigate the potential relationship between initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and treatment outcomes. Methods From 1997 to 2009, 41 patients with DTC lung metastases were treated in the authors' department. 131Ⅰ whole body scan (WBS), serum Tg levels and other imaging results were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was considered to be effective. The x2 test and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 11.5 software package. Results 131 Ⅰ treatment was effective in 63% (26/41) patients with DTC lung metastases, CR in 8 patients and PR in 18 patients. In other 37% ( 15/41 ) patients, 131Ⅰ treatment was ineffective, including one case died of distant metastases. Patients with initial presence of 131Ⅰ lung uptake had higher effective rate than those with 131Ⅰ lung uptake during the second or later 131Ⅰ treatment (76% (22/29)vs33% (4/12),x2 =4.911, P=0.027). Also, significantly higher effective rate was found in patients with lung metastases alone than those with extra-pulmonary metastases (75% (24/32) vs 22% (2/9), x2 = 6. 312, P =0.012). However, the effective rate in patients with diffuse metastases was not significantly different from that in patients with focal metastases (67% (12/18)vs 61% ( 14/23), x2 =0. 146, P=0.702). The positive rate of initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases was higher in patients with total thyroidectomy than those with partial thyroidectomy (83% (24/29) vs 42% (5/12) ). Those positive rates in patients with papilary DTC and patients with follicular DTC were 72% (23/32) and 6/9, respectively. The surgical mode was correlated with the initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases (r = 0.411, P ＜ 0.05), but no correlation was found between the histological type and the initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases ( r = 0. 047, P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Initial uptake of 131 Ⅰ by lung metastases alone is a favorable prognostic factor for DTC patients treated by131Ⅰ, and total thyroidectomy may be beneficial for initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases.

Objective ， To investigate the role of serum chemokines and oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers in occupational （ silicosis） Methods silicosis hereinafter referred to as . A total of 58 patients with stage Ⅰ silicosis were selected as the - （ ）， research subjects using convenient sampling method. The serum levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 Nrf2 -（ - ） - （ - - ） - heme oxygenase 1 HO 1 and 8 isoprstaglandin F2α 8 iso PGF2α were determined by enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. （ ） （ - ） The serum levels of lipid peroxide LPO and total antioxidant capacity TAOC were determined by chemistry colorimetric method. - - （ - ）， Luminex flow fluorescence technology was used to detect the serum levels of interferon γ inducible protein10 IP10 macrophage （ ）- ， - - （ ） inflammatory protein MIP 1α MIP1β and macrophagederived chemokine MDC . The above indicators were analyzed by factor Results - analysis. The information extraction rate of the original indicators of the nine biomarkers was 58.5%96.5%. Four common ， ， （ ） ， factors were extracted including Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway helper T cell Th 1 dominant chemotaxis the total ， ， ， ， ， oxidation/antioxidant balance and Th2 dominant chemotaxis whose variance contribution rates were 32.2% 19.1% 16.4% ， ， Conclusion - and 11.8% respectively and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.5%. Both the oxidant antioxidant ， disturbance and the dominance chemotaxis are involved in the occurrence and development of silicosis and the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway plays the most critical role.

OBJECTIVETo study the lipid regulatory effect of Xuezhikang (XZK) and its effects on serum oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FIB) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).

METHODSUAP patients with hyperlipidemia were treated with XZK 0.6 g, orally taken, twice a day for 2 successive months followed by half dosage for 2 months. To UAP patients with normal blood lipids, Vit E was given orally for 4 months. Levels of blood lipids, OX-LDL, CRP, FIB at the time of entry, 1st and 2nd month of the therapeutic course were observed and end-point events in the two groups was compared.

RESULTSXZK can reduce the serum level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein after being administered for 1 month, and the effect further elevated after 2 months. Its effect in lowering triglycerides and increasing high density lipoprotein initiated after 2 months administration. Compared with effect of Vit E, XZK can significantly lower the serum OX-LDL, CRP and FIB after 2 months administration, and reduce the end-point events in 4 months.

CONCLUSIONXZK has good regulatory effect on blood lipids, it also can inhibit the development of inflammation in coronary plaque, therefore, is beneficial to the prognosis of UAP patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oryza ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether intrapericardial urokinase irrigation along with pericardiocentesis could prevent pericardial constriction in patients with infectious exudative pericarditis.

METHODSA total of 94 patients diagnosed as infectious exudative pericarditis (34 patients with purulent pericarditis and 60 with tuberculous pericarditis, the disease courses of all patients were less than 1 month), 44 males and 50 females, aged from 9 to 66 years (mean 45.4 +/- 14.7 years), were consecutively recruited from 1993 to 2002. All individuals were randomly given either intrapericardial urokinase along with conventional treatment in study group, or conventional treatment alone (including pericardiocentesis and drainage) in control group. The dosage of urokinase ranged from 200000 to 600000 U (mean 320000 +/- 70000 U). The immediate effects were detected by pericardiography with sterilized air and diatrizoate meglumine as contrast media. The long-term investigation depended on the telephonic survey and echocardiographic examination. The duration of following-up ranged from 8 to 120 months (mean 56.8 +/- 29.0 months).

RESULTSPercutaneous intrapericardial urokinase irrigation promoted complete drainage of pericardial effusion, significantly reduced the thickness of pericardium (from 3.1 +/- 1.6 mm to 1.6 +/- 1.0 mm in study group, P < 0.001; from 3.4 +/- 1.6 mm to 3.2 +/- 1.8 mm in control group, P > 0.05, respectively), and alleviated the adhesion. Intrapericardial bleeding related to fibrinolysis was found in 6 of 47 patients with non-blood pericardial effusion and no systemic bleeding and severe puncture-related complication was observed. In follow-up, there was no cardiac death, and pericardial constriction events were observed in 9 (19.1%) of study group and 27 (57.4%) of control group. Cox analysis illustrated that urokinase could significantly reduce the occurrence of pericardial constriction (relative hazard coefficient = 0.185, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe early employment of intrapericardial fibrinolysis with urokinase and pericardiocentesis appears to be safe and effective in preventing the development of pericardial constriction in patients with infectious exudative pericarditis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardiocentesis ; Pericarditis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Pericarditis, Constrictive ; prevention & control ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; administration & dosage

AIMTo investigate the effects of a nutritional supplement on nutritional status and hypoxia endurance in young adults living at high altitude.

METHODSForty healthy male young adults were recruited and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The nutrition survey was carried out using weighing method. The intervention group was given a nutritional supplement specifically designed for use at high altitude, while the control group was treated with a supplement made of stir-fried flour. After 20 days of supplementation, they marched from the altitude of 3700 m to 5100 m. The changes in HR, SaO2, serum concentrations of VA and VB2 and some minerals were measured.

RESULTSThe results of nutrition survey showed that the ratio of three macronutrients was not adequate and the intakes of calcium, VA and VB2 were below Chinese RNI. The serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium and VA were below normal references. The serum VB2 concentration was at the low level o f normal reference. The nutritional supplement could increase the serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, VA and VB2, indicating an improved nutritional status. The changes in HR and SaO2 were diminished in intervention group compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONThe nutritional supplement can improve nutritional status and increase the hypoxia endurance in young adults living at high altitude.

Adult ; Altitude ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; prevention & control ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Vitamins ; therapeutic use

To investigate epidemiologic feature and genetic variance of Sapovirus among children in China, fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea from Feb 2006 to Jan 2007 in nine provinces including Anhui, Fujian et al. A total of 1,110 fecal samples were detected for Sapovirus by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). Ten samples (0.9%) were positive for Sapovirus. The PCR products were then sequenced and analysed by phylogenetic tree. The results indicated that the detected Sapovirus strains were classified into two genogroups and three genotypes, including G I/1, G I/3, G II/3.
Astroviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; classification ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sapovirus ; classification ; genetics

To investigate the role of activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the activity and protein expression of NF-kappaB p65 in rat brain tissues, which were extracted from EAE rats at 1, 7, 14 and 21 d respectively after EAE was induced by CFA-GPSCH, were measured with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between activated NF-kappaB and symptoms of EAE was also investigated. The results showed that protein expression level and the activity of NF-kappaB were very low in the brain of the control group. After EAE was induced, the activity of NF-kappaB and the level of the protein expression in the brains increased gradually with the development of symptoms and brain pathology of EAE. On d 14, both the activity and the level of protein expression in the brains reached a peak, the positive cells of NF-kappaB were mainly located at the choroid plexuses and subfornical organ, as well as around the regions of sleeve-like lesion foci, which were coincident with the locations of lesions of EAE. The incidence, symptoms, reduction of the body weight and pathology of EAE rats brains at the above locations were most significant. On d 21 the activity of NF-kappaB and level of the protein expression reduced gradually, which was in parallel with a gradual alleviation of the symptoms of EAE rats. After a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, PDTC was applied, the symptoms and pathological lesions of EAE rat brain were mitigated markedly. The above results indicate that the dynamic changes in the activity and protein expression of NF-kappaB were in parallel with the changes in symptoms and pathological lesion of EAE rat brains. In conclusion, the activated NF-kappaB in the brain may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of EAE, and application of some inhibitors of NF-kappaB, such as PDTC, may be one of the effective therapeutic methods for prevention and treatment of EAE.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; metabolism ; Female ; Pyrrolidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thiocarbamates ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor RelA ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism