italic>Cannabis sativa, one of the ancient medicinal plants, has been used to alleviate pain and seizures. However, cannabinoids are often addictive, which limits their clinical use. Cannabidiol (CBD) as a non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, has much weaker adverse effects than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and therefore has received widespread attention. CBD has been found to ameliorate a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, but the precise mechanism(s) of action are still unclear. Due to its low affinity for classical cannabinoid receptors current studies are focusing on other targets outside the endocannabinoid system. In the present review we mainly summarize the effects and molecular mechanisms of CBD in neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, anxiety, and depression.

0.05) were found in ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening of left ventricle (DD), blood flow velocity through aortic valve, blood flow velocity through pulmonary valve, E peak velocity of mitral valve, left atrial end-systolic anterior-posterior diameter, left ventricular end-systolic anterior-posterior diameter, left ventricular end-systolic left-right diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic left-right diameter after 2-4 hours of +Gz exposure. A peak velocity in mitral valve slightly increased (P

Objective To express and purify mammalian glycosylation modified trimeric Ebola virus trimeric glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) using novel glycoengineered Pichia pastoris.Methods The EBOV-GP and EBOV-GPΔMLDΔTM genes were cloned into the pPICZ-αA vector,electrochemically converted to glycoengineered Pichia pastoris,and compared with EBOV-GP expressed in HEK-293T cells.Glycosylation was analyzed by PNGaseF and EndoH digestion,while the target protein was purified by affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.N-terminal sequencing was used to determine whether the signal peptide was correctly cleaved during protein translation and gel column analysis was used to find out whether the trimeric structure was formed.Results The results of PNGaseF showed that EBOV-GP expressed by glycoengineered Pichia pastoris and HEK-293T cells had the same relative molecular mass and N-glycosylation degree.EndoH digestion showed that the N-glycosylation modification of EBOV-GPΔMLDΔTM was in a non-high mannose form.N-terminal sequencing showed that the signal peptide of the GP protein itself was correctly excised.Gel column analysis showed that the purified protein was in a trimeric form.Conclusion An EBOV-GP is obtained with complex glycosylation modification based on Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris.

Objective To evaluate the anatomical and developmental characteristics of inner ears and establish a normalized inner ear multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT)measurement standard.Methods The raw data of 81 normal head MSCT cases were amplified and reconstructed in inner ear areas and multi-plannar reformation (MPR)was used to measure diameters of the inner ears.-test was used to inspect the difference between sides and genders,one-way analysis of variance was adopted for different age groups. Significance level α=0.05,P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There was no statistical significance in measured values of inner ears in different age groups,genders and sides.Not all the shapes of bony semicircular canals were completely circu-lar or elliptical.In lumen,posterior semicircular canal was maximal and superior semicircular canal was minimal.In height,posterior semicircular canal was maximal and lateral semicircular canal was minimal.In width,superior semicircular canal was maximal and lateral semicircular canal was minimal.Conclusion Measurement specifications of inner ear on MSCT are initial established,main structures of inner ear can be clearly displayed by post-processing of head MSCT raw data.

Objective To develop an interleukin-4(IL-4) antagonist named M5-IgG1Fc protein constructed by genetic engineering of antibody Fc fragment-cytokine mutein fusion protein which has a long half-life time in plasma.M5-IgG1 Fc protein binds to IL-4 receptor but cannot activate downstream signalling pathway , which provides a basis for drug develop-ment for allergic diseases .Methods The synthesized interleukin-4 mutant gene ( named M5 ) was cloned into the expres-sion vector pBV220 and transformed into E.coli DH5α.Chimeric gene M5-IgG1Fc obtained by overlap extension (SOE) method was transformed into glycoengineered Pichia pastoris GJK01 through expression vector pPICZαA .Then M5-IgGFc fusion protein was obtained by protein purification after being induced by methanol in 72 hours.The anti-IL-4 biologicial ac-tivity assay of M5 and M5-IgG1 Fc was performed with CTLL-2/IL-4R cells and detected with MTT colormetry .Finally,the half-life time of M5 and M5-IgG1 Fc protein in mice was compared by detecting the remaining amount in plasma with ELISA kit.Results The M5 protein expressed in E.coli and M5-IgG1 Fc fusion protein expressed in P.pastoris GJK01 both had IL-4 antagonistic bioactivity .The EC50 of both, which inhibited 5.6 ×10 -2 nmol/ml of IL-4, were 0.31 ±0.05 and 0.77 ± 0.03 nmol/ml,respectively.The maximum of M5 in plasma at 0.5 h was 5.8 ×10 -2 nmol/ml but the remaining amount was 2.8%of the maximum at 2 h.M5 protein could not be detected after administration at 8 h because of the detection line . The maximum of M5-IgG1 Fc fusion protein was 4.7 ×10 -2 nmol/ml,while fusion protein M5-IgG1 Fc decreased to 4.3%of its maximum at 120 h and could not be detected at 168 h.Conclusion M5 protein has IL-4 antagonistic bioactivity .M5-IgG1 Fc fusion protein expressed in glycoengineered P.pastoris GJK01 has IL-4 antagonistic bioactivity and long retention time in mice,which can be potentially used for treatment of allergic diseases .

Objectives By Oxford pathological classification and analysis of circulating complement complement 3 (C3),renal C3 deposition,and clinical laboratory tests,we discussed the correlation between complement C3 and immunoglobin A nephropathy (IgAN) in pathogenesis.Methods A retrospective study of 558 IgAN cases at Xinhua Hospital from January of 2000 through December of 2013 was performed.All 558 IgAN diagnoses were made and confirmed by renal needle biopsy.Results Compared to patients who had circulating C3 ＜ 0.9,patients with circulating C3 level ＞ 0.9 showed statistically significant decreases in serum creatinine [(100.92 ± 105.31) μmol/L vs (157.58 ± 208.39) μmol/L,t =-2.283,P =0.025],blood urea nitrogen [(5.69 ± 2.88) mmol/L vs (7.69 ± 5.90) mmoL/L,t =-2.81,P =0.006];besides,other parameters like IgA,body weight,body mass index (BMI),cholesterol,triglyceride,serum IgA/C3 ratio,albumin,and estimated glomeruli filtrate rate (eGFR) also presented statistically significant differences between two patient groups;no statistically significant differences were observed between two groups in glomerular mesangial cell proliferation,capillary endothelial proliferation,segmental glomerular sclerosis or adhesions,renal tubule atrophy,tubulointerstitial fibrosis,and formation of glomerular crescent;meanwhile,no statistically significant differences were observed between two groups in mesangial depositions of IgA,IgG,IgM,and complement C3;meanwhile the blood level of C3 between C3 deposition negative group,deposition 2 + and 3 + subgroup showed statistically significant differences (2.493 and 2.782;0.013 and 0.006),nevertheless,prognostic indices in Oxford classification,such as mesangial cell proliferation,capillary endothelial proliferation,segmental glomerular sclerosis or adhesions,renal tubule atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis,were also statistically different between two patient groups (Pearson Square test result was 50.782,35.141,21.105,30.182,respectively;P ＜0.01).Conclusions Renal deposition of complement C3 or decrease in circulating C3 level may be associated with a poor prognosis of IgA nephropathy,and alteration in C3 dynamics may be implicated in the pathogenesis of IgAN through its involvement in humoral immunity.

Objective To investigate the significance of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) on prognosis acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within one year.Methods Eightynine hospitalized patients were collected from department of Cardiovascular disease,the people's hospital of Wuxi city affiliated of Nanjing Medical University and the Second People's Hospital Wuxi City from November 2009 to February 2011,and divided into ACS group (n =50),stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n =19) and nonCHD group(n =20).HSP60,HSP65 levels in human serum were measured at the time of admission.The followup records of all patients were established to observe the occurrence of coronary events during one year,and analyzed its relationship between with HSP60,HSP65.Results Eighty-four cases were successful followed-up,and lost cases were 5.Eighteen patients occurred cardiovascular events within one year,and their content of serum HSP60 and HSP65 were significantly higher than that of without cardiovascular events (HSP60:(1026.19 ± 253.47) ng/L vs.(845.75 ± 138.52) ng/L,t =2.49,P ＜ 0.05 ; HSP65:(2573.95 ± 768.75) ng/L vs.(2076.38 ± 385.46) ng/L,t =2.58,P ＜ 0.05).In ACS group,the level of serum HSP60 and HSP65 of the patients occurred cardiovascular events was significant higher than that of without cardiovascular events,and there was significant difference(HSP60:(1162.73 ±249.14) ng/L vs.(892.55 ±204.62) ng/L,t =2.19,P ＜ 0.05 ; HSP65:(2714.39 ± 738.44) ng/L vs.(2136.85 ± 472.62) ng/L,t =2.65,P ＜ 0.05).COX regression analysis showed that HSP65 was an independent risk factor for recent cardiovascular events in patients with ACS (RR =1.002,95％CI 1.000-1.004,P =0.035).Conclusion The detection of HSP60,HSP65 in prognostic coronary artery disease prognosis has important value,and HSP65 was an independent risk predictor of ACS in recent cardiovascular events within one year.

Objective To investigate gene polymorphisms and distribution features of glutathione Stransferase Omega-1 (GSTO 1 ) gene in Ala 140Asp site in 16 Chinese populations.MethodsA total of 1369 samples were from the human genome project(HGP)-the establishment and preservation program of Chinese minority genetic resources.The phenotypes of Ala/Ala (C/C),Ala/Asp (C/A),and Asp/Asp (A/A) of GSTO1 Ala140Asp were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).With analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA),the genetic variation levels among nations and regions were analyzed by estimating the evolutionary distance of alleles or genotypes.ResultsOf the 1369 individuals analyzed,979 (71.51％) were carriers of the wild homozygous allele Ala/Ala(C/C),365 (26.66％) were heterozygotes Ala/Asp(C/A) and 25 (1.83％) were mutant homozygotes Asp/Asp(A/A),with an overall frequency of the GSTO 1 mutant allele A 15.16％ [ (365 +50)/( 1369 × 2)].AMOVA analysis showed that the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05) of genetic variations of GSTO1 gene Ala140Asp among the 14 ethnic groups,and was significant between the northem and southern populations (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion In different regions and populations the GSTO1Ala140Asp mutant allele frequencies are different.

AlM:To evaluate the efficacy of retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) combined with 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation for the treatment of cystoid macular edema.
METHODS: Fifty-eight cases ( 66 eyes ) with cystoid macular edema caused by different diseases were recruited in this study. The included patients were treated with both retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide and 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation. The best corrected visual acuity, macular thickness, fundus and intraocular pressure were observed in the 1wk, 1 and 3mo after the treatment in all of the included cases.
RESULTS: After treatment, all of the 66 eyes showed cystoid macular edema partially or completely subsided according to optical coherence tomography and fluorescence fundus angiography; 54 eyes ( 82%) visual acuity improved, 12 vision remained the same.
CONCLUSlON: Retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide combined with 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation has good curative effect, simple operation procedure and rare complications in the management of cystoid macular edema.

It's a hard but imperative research subject for postgraduate to study medical English in TCM colleges.For more than 3 years,Nanjing University of TCM has obtained good effect in such a field and their practices include adopting original edition of textbooks,selecting medical professionals who are good at English as teachers rather than English teachers who have some medical knowledge.Our teaching methodology is continuous,large volume fast reading.