Object To optimize the apheresis procedure of mononuclear cells from bone marrow for different clinical treatments. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells were separated from bone marrow using COBE Spectra apheresis system. Cell morphology, cell counts, positive expression of CD34, CD133 and CD271 were detected, and the obtaining percent of total nuclear cells and mononuclear cells were calculated. The relationships between cell-morphology and CD34, CD133 and CD271, were also analyzed. Results 1)The positive expression of CD271 was correlated with monocytes before and after apheresis (P

Objective To investigate the effect of aluminum on hair loss induc ed by fluoride in fluorosis mice.Methods Sixty male C57BL mice were divided into four groups according to body mass:control group,fluoride (F) group (F-100 mg/L),aluminum(Al) group(Al3+ 270 mg/L) and F + Al group(F-100 mg/L + Al3+270 mg/L).Mice were killed 1 month and 3 months after the experiment,respectively.Bone F content was detected by ion-selective electrode method.The level of bone Al was measured through inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum.Dental fluorosis and hair loss of mice were evaluated by visual method.Results One month after the experiment,no dental fluorosis and hair loss was found in all four groups.The content of bone F was the highest in F group [(2401.649 + 86.835) mg/kg],and the lowest in A1 group [(427.006 + 11.878) mg/kg].The levels of bone F in F + Al group and control group were (1210.332 + 19.531)mg/kg and (538.001 + 33.337)mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Three month after the experiment,all mice of F treatment group had dental fluorosis and hair loss(10/10).Alopecia areas were found in the neck and back regions only.There was no hair loss in control group,Al group and F + Al group.No dental fluorosis was found in both control and Al groups.Only 2 mice were found with dental fluorosis in F + Al group.The levels of bone F in F group,F + Al group,control group and Al group were (4098.645 + 58.842),(1888.165 ± 12.187),(876.258 + 14.462) and (662.385 ± 8.966) mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hair loss is found in fluorosis mice.Hair loss of mice is closely associated with the level of F exposure.Al can prevent the occurrence of hair loss induced by F in mice through reducing the accumulation of F.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of induced membrane technique for reconstruction of large tibia bone defects in adults.Methods From February 2010 to February 2014,28 cases with tibia bone defect (16 cases caused by traumatic,9 cases caused by chronic osteomyrlitis,and 3 cases caused by tumor resrction)were treated in our deparment.There were 21 males and 7 females,with a mean age of 36.7 years old.The mean bone loss after final debridement and tumor resrction was (6.2 ±2.6)cm,and the maximum length of bone loss was 16 cm in this series.All the patients were treated by induced membrane technique,and the healing rate,occurrence of complications and limb function were recorded.The bone union was assessed by Paley scores.Results The average duration of follow-up ranged from 12 to 37 months,averagely (23.4 ±4.7)months.The healing rate was 85.7% at a mean time of 5.2 months.According to the Paley scores,there were 20 cases of excellent,6 cases of good,2 cases of moderate.There were 2 patients with pin site infection,2 patients with deep infection re-quiring operative debridement,1 patient with superficial iliac incision infection,1 patient with nonunions of one ends of the bone gap,and 1 patient suffered the implant failure due to fullweight-bearing early.Conclusion The induced membrane technique is a valid option for the management of large tibia bone defects in adults caused by traumatic,tumor resection and removal of chronic osteomyelitis lesions,which sig-nificantly shorten treatment cycle,provide satisfactory results with minimal complications,and promote good recovery of limb function.

G. The current results indicate that ADHD with DBD has more heritable backgrounds when compared with ADHD without DBD.

T were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Transmit/disequilibrium test and haplotype analysis were used to test the association of the three polymorphisms with ADHD comorbid or not comorbid DBD separately.Results:Haplotype T/G/T showed tendency of overtransmission(?2=3.470,P=0.062) to probands of ADHD with DBD, while haplotype C/G/T(?2=4.568,P=0.032) and C/G/C(?2=5.333,P=0.021) were undertransmitted to probands of ADHD without DBD,No biased transmissions of any allele were found in families with probands of ADHD with and without DBD.Conclusion:whether ADHD comorbid DBD or not comorbid DBD makes difference at the level of HTR4 gene polymrohisms.

Objective: To investigate association of the 48 bp variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the D 4 receptor gene ( DRD4 ) exon 3 and 40 bp VNTR polymorphism in the dopamine transporter gene ( DAT1 ) 3′ untranslated region with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Han Chinese children. Methods: The study samples were comprised of 340 ADHD children, 226 unrelated controls and 202 integrated ADHD trios (included proband and biological parents). The polymorphisms consisted of 48 bp VNTR in exon 3 of DRD4 , and 40 bp VNTR in the 3′ untranslated region of DAT1 . Associations of polymorphisms with ADHD and its subtypes were examined by: (i) comparing cases and controls; and (ii) using family based association study in an extension of exact transmission disequilibrium test (ETDT) and haplotype based haplotype relative risk (HHRR). Results: The repeat numbers at the DRD4 48 bp locus ranged from 2—6 repeats in the Han Chinese controls, with the most common being the 4 repeat (77%) and 2 repeat (19.4%) alleles. Neither the 7 repeat allele nor longer repeats were found. For the DAT1 , the repeat numbers at the 40 bp locus ranged from 6—7 repeats and 9—11 repeats. The 10 repeat allele was the most frequent (90.7%). The long repeat alleles of DRD4 (ranging from 4—6 repeats) and DAT1 (ranging from 11—12 repeats), were present more frequently in ADHD probands than in controls. Our primary analyses failed to replicate the associations between ADHD and 7 repeat allele of DRD4 and the 10 repeat allele of DAT1 . Conclusion: The long repeat alleles of DRD4 (after a stratification by gender) and DAT1 may increase the risk for ADHD in Han Chinese children.

Objective To improve the anderstanding of clinical profile of primary plasma cell leukemia.Methods Case report and literature review.Results A rare case of nervous system relapse in primary plasma cell leukemia was reported.Six patients were identified from the literature.The type of immunoglobulin included IgG(3 patients),IgD(2 patients).Clinical manifestations of nervous system were variable.The average interval from initial diagnosis to the development of nervous system relapse was 16.5 months.Plasma cells were found in cerebrospinal fluid in 4 patients.The mean surviaval time was 6.7 months after nervous system relapse.Conlusion Nervous system relapse in primary plasma cell leukemia is rare with poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of sulforaphane on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +)-induced cell viability loss in cultured PC12 cells and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods MPP + induced damage in PC12 cells was prepared as oxidative damage model.Sulforaphane (0.5,1.O,2.5,5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L) was added in each group cell growth medium.Subsequent experiments were divided into 4 groups:(A) normal control group,(B) sulforaphane group,(C) MPP+ injury group,(D)sulforaphane pretreatment + MPP+ injury group.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay,and the sulforaphane pretreatment PC12 cell viability was observed in different concentrations.Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the rate of apoptosis in different packet PC12 cells,and protein expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),heme oxygenase (HO-1) and human NAD (P) H dehydrogenase,quinone 1 (NQO1) were detected by Western blot when the PC12 cells were incubated with sulforaphane (2.5 μmol/L) and (or) MPP+ (500 μmol/L) for 24 h in vitro.Results Compared to control group (cell survival rate was 98.70％),the survival percents of PC12 cells were significantly decreased in MPP+-treated group (58.16％).A significant difference was showed between group A and C (F =21.83,P ＜ 0.05),and the cell survival rate in group D was significantly improved.Compared to control group,the rate of apoptosis in MPP+ injury group was increased,and the rate of apoptosis after pretreatment of the sulforaphane was significantly reduced.Compared to MPP+ injury group,the levels of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO1 protein expression were significantly increased in sulforaphane pretreatment group.Conclusion Sulforaphane have a protective effect against MPP+-induced PC12 cell model damage,and the protective effect may be achieved by activating the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway.