Objective: To prepare valved mitral stent and to discuss the feasibility of transcatheter implantation of the valved mitral stent in vitro. Methods: We designed a self-expandable stent made of super-elastic Ni-Ti shape memory alloy. The stent was composed of double disks with tubular linkage between them. A valvular ring made of nitinol wire was sutured on the tubular part. Fresh sheep pericardium was cross-linked with a 0.6% glutaraldehyde solution for 36 hours then sutured into a valvular ring; the latter was sutured onto the nitinol self-expandable stent. Through a sheath across the interatrial septum positioned in the left ventricle of isolated sheep heart via vena cava, the device was delivered into the native mitral valve position. When the left ventricle disk was deployed, it was applied to the mitral annulus by pulling back the external sheath. The waist and the left atrial disk were deployed by pulling the sheath in the annulus and left atrium, respectively. Thus the whole device was deployed in the mitral native. Water was injected into the pulmonary veins and left ventricle to test competence of the prosthetic heart valves. Results: The prepared valved mitral stent could be stably positioned at the native valves. There was no stent migration when it was repeatedly pulled. The two disks sandwiched the native mitral valve with one disk lying in the left ventricle and the other one in the left atrium. The prosthetic heart valves showed satisfactory function without structure damage. Conclusion: This self-expandable stent is well designed and can be safely implanted in the mitral valve position via transcatheter approach, and the function of the stent is satisfactory.

Objective: To investigate the effects of chitosan (CHI) and PC-chitosan (PC CHI) coated membranes on the proliferation, migration, and hemocompatibility of vascular endothelial cells. Methods: CHI and PC-CHI were separately sprayed on the bottom of culture dish evenly to form the polymer membrane; the cylinder was made of 316 L stainless steel flake. Pig iliac endothelial cells (PIEC) were cultured on the polymer membranes, the stainless steel bottom of the cylinder, and the untreated bottom of culture dish (as blank control). Then the cell morphology was observed by light microscope and scan electron microscope; cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK 8); and cell migration was also assayed. Whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FiB), and thrombin time (TT) were examined by clotting method. Results: PIEC grew well on the membranes of CHI and PC-CHI, with normal morphology. After 24 h culture, the proliferation rates of PIEC were 88. 8% and 77. 8% on CHI and PC-CHI membranes, respectively. The survived PIEC on CHI and PC-CHI membranes were significantly more than those on 316 L stainless steel flake(P<0.01), and those on CHI membrane were significantly more than those on PC-CHI membrane(P<0.01). After 72 h culture, the numbers of migration cells on CHI and PC-CHI membranes were significantly more than those on 316 L stainless steel flake(P<0.01), and those on PC-CHI membrane were significantly more than those on CHI membrane(P<0.01). APTT in PC-CHI, 316 L stainless steel flake, and blank control groups were significantly longer than that of CHI group(P<0.01, P<0.05), and FiB levels in the former 3 groups were higher than that of CHI group(P<0.01). Conclusion: Coating with CHI and PC-CHI can improve the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells on the culture dishes, indicating an excellent biocompatibility of CHI and PC-CHI membranes. PCPCH membrane has more potent antithrombotic effect than CHI does.

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of amiodaron and propafenone on the cardioversion of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation (PAF). Methods58 PAF (≤48 h) cases were radomly divide into two groups: 30 cases who accepted amiodaron 150 mg intravenous injection, and 0.6～1.0 mg/min intravenous drip afterwards in amiodaron group, other 28 cases who accepted propafenone 1.4～2.0 mg/kg vein injection, and 0.28 mg/min intravenous drip afterwards in propafenone group.If propafenone was not effective, the cases in propafenone group were given amidoaron. ResultsThe successful reversion rate was 86.7% (26/30) in amidoaron group while 57.1% (16/28) in propafenone group(P<0.05). The mean time of recovering was (101±95) min (6～508 min) in amidoaron group, while (172±148) min (11～608 min) in propafenone group(P<0.05). ConclusionIt is more rapid and effective of amidoaron on the cardioversion of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation than propafenone is.

Objective To assess characteristics of coronary artery lesions and risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in young people with coronary arteriography.Methods 192 patients with CHD diagnosed by coronary arteriography were divided into the young group (91 cases, 25—40 years old) and senile group (101 cases, 41—84 years old). Characteristics of coronary artery lesions and risk factors of CHD of two groups were analyzed, and risk factors were especially tested with logistic regression.Results Coronary artery lesions in the young group were characterized in most patients by singles vessel lesion (64%), while by multi vessels lesion (71%) in the senile group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors such as male, smoking, hyperlipemia, family history and increassed C-reactive protein (CRP) were highly related with CHD(P<0.01).Conclusion Single vessel lesion is a feature of young patients with CHD, and independent and related risk factors of CHD in the young group are male, smoking, hyperlipemia, CHD family history and CRP.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the treatment strategy of acetabular fractures and unstable pelvic fracture of the hip and to evaluate its outcome.

METHODSRetrospective analysis of clinical data in 32 patients with unstable pelvic fracture and acetabular fractures from January 2007 to June 2013 were collected. There were 18 males and 14 females aged from 18 to 62 years old (means 38 years old). According to Tile classification of pelvic fracture, 11 cases were type B1, 8 were type B2.1, 7 were type B2.2, 3 were type C1.1, 2 were type C1.2, 1 was type C3. According to Judet-Letournel classification, anterior column fracture was in 1 case, transverse fracture in 8, transverse plus posterior wall fracture in 6, T-type fracture in 1, anterior column plus half transverse fractures in 5, double column fracture in 11. Other combined injuries were treated early, the surgical operation were performed after stable condition. The hip joint function and the fracture reduction were assessed during follow-up.

RESULTSThe operative time was from 1.8 to 6.5 hours (averaged 3 hours). Two fat patients' incision occurred in fat liquefaction and healed after dressing, no incision infection happened. Only 1 case was lost to follow-up, 31 patients were followed up with a mean time of 23 months (6 to 42 months). The healing time of pelvic fracture was from 8 to 18 weeks (averaged in 10.6 weeks). The hip function was evaluated according to the Matta and Tornetta standard postoperatively, the result was excellent in 15 cases, good in 14 cases, fair and poor in 1 case respectively. The Majeed score of the hip function was 83.65? 7.67, the result was excellent in 15 cases, good in 12 cases and fair in 4 cases. The healing time of acetabular fractures was from 8 to 16 weeks (averaged in 10.2 weeks). The fracture reduction was assessed by Matta standard, the result was excellent in 15 cases, good in 12 cases and fair in 4 cases. The heterotopic ossification was evaluated by Brooker standard, 4 cases were grade I, 1 case was grade II . There were no infection, nonunion and necrosis of the femoral head in all patients. The nerve damage symptoms in 5 patients disappeared during 4 to 6 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONPatients with unstable pelvic fractures and acetabulum fractures were in a critical condition early, using the concept of damage control to save lives in a timely manner. Grasp the operation time in the late treatment, acetabulum fractures reach anatomical reduction as far as possible, pelvic fractures are given priority to stable reconstruction. The operation order was fixed pelvic ring first, according to the condition to choose the appropriate surgical approach and fixed mode.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of volume embolization ratio(VER) in evaluating the embolization efficacy of aneurysms.MethodsFifty-three patients who received intracranial aneurysm embolization surgery were all treated with detachable coils endovascular embolization,While fifty-seven intracranial aneurysms were treated.The VER was calculated and the relationships between the VER values and the size,the neck,embolization degree of intracranial aneurysm were analyzed.ResultsThe VER of small,medium,large,and giant aneurysms were (40.8 ± 26.5 )％,( 18.6 ± 16.1 )％,(2.3 ± 2.1 )％,(0.4 ±0.1 )％,respectively,which had statistical significance (F =7.091,P ＜ 0.01 ).The VER of wide-necked and narrow-necked aneurysms were (27.5 ± 23.1 )％,(29.4 ± 26.6)％,which had no statistical significance(P ＞0.05 ).The VER of complete embolization,neck residual and partial embolization were (41.8 ± 29.3 )％,(31.4 ± 21.2)％,( 12.3 ± 15.1 )％,respectively,which had statistical differences (F =7.970,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe VER is an objective index to evaluate the embolization degree of aneurysms.It has certain prediction significance for the efficacy judgement of embolization of aneurysms.

Objective To investigate the effects of lactoferrin on activity of PKG in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain(NP).Methods Thirty-two male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into4 groups(n = 8 each): sham operation group(group S),NP group,lactoferrin group and KT5823(an inhibitor of PKG)group.Neuropathic pain was produced by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve in group NP,lactoferrin and KT5823,while the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated in groupS.In group S and NP,normal saline 10 μl + 50% dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)10 μl were injected intrathecally.Lactoferrin 100 μg + 50% DMSO 10 μl were given intrathecally in group lactoferrin.Lactoferrin 100 μg + KT5823 10 μl were given intrathecally in group KT5823.The paw withdrawal latency(PWL)to a thermal nociceptive stimulus was measured every 30 min within 180 min after administration.The rats were then sacrificed and the spinal cord was removed.The activity of PKG in the spinal dorsal horn was determined by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with group NP and KT5823,the PWL was significantly prolonged after administration in group lactoferrin and the PKG activity was significantly increased in group lactoferrin(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group NP and group KT5823(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lactoferrin reduces NP by inhibiting the activity of PKG in spinal dorsal horn in rats.

Using PCR technique, the vp3 gene of chicken anemia virus (CAV) was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 to construct a recombinant pcDNA-vp3. Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis revealed that CAV vp3 gene was correctly inserted into the blank vector pcDNA3. After LipofectAMINE-mediated transfection in vitro with pcDNA-vp3 and pcDNA3 respectively, the total mRNA was extracted from liver carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and diploid cell line L-02, and RT-PCR was performed afterward. The results of RT-PCR suggested that vp3 gene was expressed in these two cell lines. At the same time, using in situ apoptotic detection assay, TUNEL kits, the apoptotic cells were found in pcDNA-vp3 transfected HepG2, but not in mock transfected cell lines. VP3 could induce cell death by apoptosis in cancer cell lines, but not in diploid cell lines. All the results indicated that CAV vp3 gene, a potential therapeutic agents, has the potential of being used for cancer treatment.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Capsid Proteins/*genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chicken anemia virus ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Genetic Vectors ; Lipids ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Transfection ; Viral Proteins/genetics

98% amino acid identity.There are 28 different amino acids between them,with 7 of which locating in the region encoded by exon6A or exon6.Alternative splicing of exon18 was not found in the gene cloning of human brain Nav1.5/SCN5A,which was different from human heart Nav1.5/SCN5A,but a novel alternative splicing lacking exon24 was first found.The two variants were detected in similar ratio in brain,but they were proved to relate to age development in heart tissue.The exon24 of human Nav1.5/SCN5A has 54 nucleotides,encoding 30 amino acid residues,and are located in human chromosome 3P21.This alternative splicing was also found in other tissues other than heart and brain.The expression pattern of the two variants in different tissues was different when detected by competitive PCR method and it was also changing with age development.Furthermore,Nav1.5/SCN5A mRNA was detected in 16 different tissue types of Wistar rats(P80) by reverse polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) .These results suggest that Nav1.5 Na+ channels in human brain are encoded by new variants of Nav1.5/SCN5A and its mRAN is more widely expressed than previously thought.The study is useful for making further investigation in the functional analysis of Nav1.5 Na+ channels in different tissues.

Aim To establish a LC-MS/MS method for the determination of pirfenidone(BT)and its major metabolite 5-carboxy-pirfenidone(SBT)in human plasma.Methods Human plasma samples containing BT and SBT,as well as their corresponding deuterium-labeled internal standards pirfenidone-d5(dBT)and 5-carboxy-pirfenidone-d5(dSBT),were precipitated using methanol.Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent ZORBAX SB C18(3.0 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm)column with the mobile phase of water(0.5％formic acid)and acetonitrile(50/50).The detection of analytes was performed on a tandem mass system equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode using multiple-reaction monitoring.The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 185.958→77.1 for BT,m/z 215.944→77.0 for SBT,m/z 190.965→81.1 for dBT and m/z 220.948→99.1 for dSBT.Results There was no remarkable interference in blank solvent,plasma,and there was no mutual interference between analytes or internal standards.The proposed method showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.020 59～25.14 mg·L-1 for BT and 0.016 73～20.42 mg·L-1 for SBT.The intra-batch and inter-batch precision and accuracy were proved to be acceptable.Human samples kept stable after 4 h at room temperature,the three freeze-thaw cycles and 10,29 and 52 days at-70 ℃,and the processed samples remained stable after 24 h in the autosampler.The average extraction recovery and matrix effect were precise,reproducible and acceptable.Conclusion Our current LC-MS/MS method is proved to be sensitive,accurate and convenient,and could be suitable for the clinical pharmacokinetic studies of BT-related preparations.