Objective:To observe the early apoptosis and its dynamic changes after traumatic brain injury(TBI)in Sprague- Dawley rats.Methods:The moderate brain injury model was established by a fluid-percussion brain injury device;animals in control group were only cannulated but not injured.Then the injured animals were sacrificed 6,24 and 48 hours after injury. Flow cytometer and electron microscope were used to observe the apoptosis of nerve cells.Results:Flow cytometer showed that the early apoptosis of nerve cells occurred in left parietal cortex 6 hours after TBI,with an apoptotic ratio being 21.97%,signif- icantly higher than that in the control group at the same time point(P0.05).Electron microscope showed apoptosis of nerve cells in the left parietal cortex 24 hours after TBI.Conclusion:Early apoptosis of nerve cells may oc- cur 6 hours after TBI,which is earlier than previously reported.

This paper describes the existing problems in the circulation of drug management and puts forward the way to solve these problems in order to evoke a discussion among colleagues.

0.05). Conclusion:Usiling R and Novolin R have similar efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of diabetic patients.

The article enunciates the importance of studying and exploiting medical virtual laboratory for reforming undergraduate experimental teaching modes, improving experimental teaching qualities by expounding the conditions and characteristics of constructed medical virtual laboratory, analyzing the implementation and effectiveness of medical virtual laboratory.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and strategy of diagnosis and treatment of the abdominal trauma in eld er people. Methods Clinical data of 68 elderly patients w ith abdominal trauma were analyzed retrospectively.Results Diagnosis in 35 of 68 cases were confir med within 12 hours after trauma (51.5%). Fifty-eight cases in this group were treated surgically and 10 cases with non-surgical treament.The re were 7 death, the overall mortality was 10.3% . The cause of death was septic shock and multiple organ systemic failure. Conclusion The elder patient with abdominal tra uma has its speciality in clinical and pathophysiological characteristics and is less tolerant to trauma, which easily leads to misdiagnosis or maldiagnosis. T he principle of treatment is to choose positive surgery, to streng then the peri operative management, to protect the function of each important organ, and to pr event the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the preparation technique of Huoluoxiaoling pills METHODS:The optimun drying temperature and sterilization condition was obtained by screening RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The preparation technique is feasible and simple and the quality of product is stable

Forty patients with hip disease who underwent first total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1999 to January 2002 were selected. They were treated with cemented (n =16) and cementless THA (n =24). The time to leave bed of cemented-THA group was obviously shortened compared with cementless THA group (P

Objective:To explore the effects of holly leaf extract on blood lipid regulating function and blood rheology in hyperlipi-demia rats to provide experimental basis for the development and application of holly leaf. Methods:The rats were fed with high-fat di-et for 4 weeks to establish the model of hyperlipidemia. The rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the positive group, high-dose group (0.60 g·mL-1), medium-dose group (0.30 g·mL-1) and low-dose group (0.15 g·mL-1) of Holly leaf with gastric perfusion for 9 weeks. TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, AST, ALT, SOD and MDA in serum of the rats were deter-mined, and various indices of hemorheology were measured. Results:When compared with the model group, holly leaf extract at dif-ferent doses could decrease the content of TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA and apo B in varying degrees, and increase the content of HDL-C, the SOD activity and lipoprotein levels in varying degrees at the end of the gastric perfusion, and the effects of high-dose of holly leaf were the most significant (P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Holly leaf extract at different doses could decrease plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit, and increase red blood cell deformability index, and the effects of high-dose group of holly leaf were the most significant (P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Conclusion:Holly leaf has obvious regulating effects on blood lipid function and blood rheology in hyperlipemia rats, which can reduce blood lipid levels.

Objective:To optimize the chitosan flocculation purification process of Zhigancao decoction. Methods:With the total content of ginsenoside Rg1 , Re and Rb1 and the impurity removal rate as the evaluation indices, an orthogonal test was used to investi-gate the effects of concentration of solution, amount of chitosan and standing temperature on the purification process. Results:The op-timum conditions of chitosan flocculation clarification process of Zhigancao decoction were as follows:the concentration of extraction so-lution was 0. 25 g·ml-1 , the standing temperature was 25℃, and the amount of chitosan was 12% . Conclusion:The optimum con-ditions of purification process are promising with high impurity removal rate and active ingredients retention rate, which provide refer-ence for the dosage form reformation of Zhigancao decoction.

Grainhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is one of the homologous genes of Drosophila granule head-like gene in mammals,which is a kind of Drosophila granule head transcription factor.In normal organisms,GRHL2 is involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation and development.In tumors,GRHL2 is complex.GRHL2 not only inhibits tumorigenesis,but it also promotes tumor formation,especially epithelial origin of malignant tumors mostly involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.Further study of the relationship between GRHL2 and tumor will provide a new idea for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.The relationship between GRHL2 and tumor is reviewed in this paper.