Nevus lipomatosus superficialis presented as soft, yellowish papules or cerebriform plaques occurring usually on the buttock or thigh, less often on the ear or scalp. We herein report a case of nevus lipomatosus superficialis on the leg.
Buttocks ; Ear ; Leg* ; Nevus* ; Scalp ; Thigh

With the development of body sensor technology, wearable health monitoring systems have been an emerging information technology in the 'ubiquitous health care' system. Wearable sensors enable long-term continuous physiological monitoring important in health promotion and management of many chronic disorders. In this paper, we present several wearable health monitoring systems developed by different countries and discuss emerging opportunities, as well as, existing challenges such as standardization, administration, validation, and discrepancy issues between technology and clinical implication.
Health Promotion ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Telemedicine

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the neurosurgeon's role in managing cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) has becomes rapidly challenged and overlapped with other specialists. Furthermore, the patterns of CVD and patient recruitment have also changed. We conducted a retrospective study regarding the practical trends of CVD with reference to the management paradigms at our institute. METHOD: We reviewed all the available data, including the annual reports, the daily department records, the medical records and the radiographic films of the CVD patients who had been admitted to our Neurosurgery Department during the five years between Jan. 2004 and Dec. 2008. RESULTS: The total numbers of CVD operations showed a slight initial increase, but then they remained steady for the latter 3 years. The number of cases of non-angiomatous hemorrhage has been relatively steady, regardless of surgery. The total numbers of treated aneurysms increased, but the main body of this increment was attributed to the initiation of endovascular treatment and increased identification of unruptured vascular lesions. Vascular malformations were sustained with a small number of cases due to referring them to other institutes for radiosurgery, except for the cases that required urgent hemorrhagic evacuation. CONCLUSION: Hemorrhagic CVDs tended to decrease either due to increasing identification before rupture or shifting such patients into a large volume hospital. The increasing awareness of ischemic CVD, the early detection of unruptured aneurysms, and the separation of medical responsibilities from neurologists have all pushed neurosurgeons to make treatment plans in a more cooperative fashion, instead of a competitive way. Neurosurgeons should be furnished with several revolutionary surgical options to widen their scope of managing patients with CVD.
Academies and Institutes ; Aneurysm ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Medical Records ; Neurosurgery ; Patient Selection ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Specialization ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vascular Malformations ; X-Ray Film

Fractures and fracture-dislocations of the ankle are caused by a variety of mechanisms. In addition to fractures, injuries of soft tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, nerves, and muscles may also occur. Among these, a tibialis posterior tendon injury is difficult to be identified due to swelling and pain at the fracture site. It is difficult to observe tibialis posterior tendon injury on a simple radiograph; it is usually found during surgery by accident. There are some studies regarding irreducible ankle fracture-dislocations due to interposition of the tibialis posterior tendon; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any report about interposition of injured tibialis posterior tendon. Herein, we report a case of an irreducible fracture-dislocation of the ankle due to injured tibialis posterior tendon interposition that was observed intraoperatively, interrupting the reduction of ankle fracture-dislocation. We obtained satisfactory clinical result after reduction of the trapped tendon, fracture reduction, and internal fixation; therefore, we are willing to report this case with the consent of the patient. This study was conducted with an approval from the local Institutional Ethics Review Board.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle* ; Dislocations* ; Ethics, Institutional ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons*

Mumps orchitis represents the most common complication of mumps infections and occurs in 5 to 37% of the populations. The most important danger is the risk of testicular atrophy up to 50% of affected testis which results in sterility. Two patients with mumps orchitis received systemic treatment with Interferon-alpha2(INF-alpha2)(3x06IU per day) for 7 days. All acute symptoms and signs of mumps orchitis disappeared within 4-7 days of INF-alpha2 therapy. No incidence of testicular atrophy was observed at the 19 and 6 months follow-up, respectively. No significant adverse effects of drug were occurred during treatment. We recommend the immediate interferon therapy, as soon as mumps orchitis manifests, to relieve clinical manifestation and to prevent testicualr atrophy and resulting infertility.
Atrophy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Interferons ; Male ; Mumps* ; Orchitis* ; Testis

Coronary restenosis is still regarded as Achilles' Hill of interventional cardiology despite relentless efforts of many investigators. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that both gamma and beta radiation can be reduce restenosis after angioplasty. Currently, intracoronary brachytherapy for the prevention of restenosis has become a new evolving treatment modality in interventional cardiology. This report discusses a physical aspect of gamma and beta radiation, initial clinical results and delivery systems used in intracoronary brachytherapy. We shall take a brief overview of methods and their advantages in intracoronary brachytherapy. Future work should provide further insight for the best way of treating restenosis.
Angioplasty ; Beta Particles ; Brachytherapy ; Cardiology ; Coronary Restenosis ; Humans ; Research Personnel

PURPOSE: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a pleiotropic growth factor, which has been suggested to play a critical role during the development and homeostasis of the kidney. We evaluated the response of the human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines to BMPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the growth rate of the human RCC cell lines, 112, 117 and 181, according to the concentrations of BMP-4, -6 and -7, and detected the levels of the BMP receptors (BMPRs) expressed in the cell lines. To demonstrate that the defect in BMP-6 signaling is at the receptor level, BMP-6 resistant cell lines were transfected, with adenovirus containing the constitutively active form of the BMP receptor types II (BMPR-II). After transfection, the cells were transfected with pSBE4, the construct of the BMP-6-responsive luciferase reporter gene, and a luciferase assay performed. RESULTS: The BMP-6 inhibited the proliferation of the 112, but not those of the 117 and 181 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. From Northern blot and immunoblot analyses, it was demonstrated that the 117 and 181 cells had undetectable levels of BMPR-II expression. The levels of luciferase activity, following adenovirus infections, was elevated in both the 117 and 181 cells, suggesting that the down-stream signaling molecules of the BMP-6 was intact in these cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results demonstrate that the human RCC cell lines 117 and 181 are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of the BMP-6 due to their decreased levels of BMPR-II expression.
Adenoviridae ; Adenoviridae Infections ; Blotting, Northern ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors* ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cell Line ; Genes, Reporter ; Homeostasis ; Humans* ; Kidney ; Luciferases ; Transfection

Calcaneal apophysitis is a relatively common disease in young athletes. On the other hand, if not treated properly, it can lead to apophyseal avulsion fracture in rare cases. In the case of apophyseal avulsion fractures, it is often necessary to remove or preserve the bone fragment, which often requires a suture of the Achilles tendon. A 10-year-old badminton athlete visited the outpatients' clinic with pain in both heels from 10 months ago without any trauma history. After conservative therapy, the pain in the left heel was relived but the right heel pain persisted. After 10 months of conservative therapy, the patient visited the outpatients' clinic showing a calcaneal apophyseal avulsion fracture with a total rupture of the Achilles tendon. In the operation room, a bone fragment needed to be removed because of its poor viability and the fragment was too thin for fixation. After removing the bone fragment, the ruptured Achilles tendon was fixed with an anchor system.
Achilles Tendon* ; Athletes ; Child* ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Racquet Sports ; Rupture* ; Sutures

Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Carbon Monoxide ; Cohort Studies ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Korea ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Particulate Matter ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulfur Dioxide

Abnomalities in the production and transport of airway secretions play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Segmental atelectasis as a complication of asthma, is relatively common in children. On the other hand, massive atelectasis such as the collapse of one lung is a very rare occurence. We report a seven-year-old male asthmatic patient with right lung collapse caused by mucoid impaction. Fourteen months before admission, the patient experiened bronchopneumonia with left unilateral lung collapse due to mucus plugging and recovered by bronchoscopic removal. The clinical findings, chest X-ray and chest CT suggested the collapse of the right lung was caused by mucus plugging. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed the obstruction of the right main bronchus due to thick mucoid impaction. The histologic finding of mucoid material removed by brochoscopy showed only eosinophil clusters. In addition to fibroptic broncoscopic removal of mucoid secretions, hydration, chest physiotherapy, brochodilators and steroids, the patient received tracheostomy because of difficulty in sputum expectoration, poor improvement of clinical symptoms and chest X-ray findings, with rapid improvements. This case showed that early aspiration of bronchial mucoid secretions by bronchoscopy and tracheostomy was very critical, without waiting for a further deterioration of respiratory function.
Asthma ; Bronchi ; Bronchopneumonia ; Bronchoscopy ; Child* ; Eosinophils ; Hand ; Humans ; Lung* ; Male ; Mucus ; Pulmonary Atelectasis* ; Sputum ; Steroids ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tracheostomy