Objective To accurately understand multi-spot medical practice in China and evaluate its effect.Methods Operation data of 2008 and 2009 were gathered from all medical institutions in Kunming to analyze the effect of the practice trial using the fixed effect model.Results Under control of such factors as the scale and type of the hospitals,clinic visits of the second certified hospital benefited by the practice increased by 14％than before,whereas the medical revenue of the institution increased by 29％.The effect proves more significant in terms of total clinic visits and medical revenues at level-1 and level-2 medical institutions.Conclusion Multi-spot medical practice in Kunming proves successful as it increased medical service supply and medical revenue,especially for level-1 and level-2 medical institutions.This effect possibly results from releasing high-level physicians down to lower-level institutions,helping these institutions to attract patients.

To explore the model of the standardized training for health management talents by referring to the standardized training for resident-doctors.This article analyzed the necessities of the model of the standardized training for health management talents from two aspects.After that,it elaborated on the significance of standardized training.At last,it proposed some ideas about constructing the standardized training for health management talents.

Objective To describe the CT and MR imaging features of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT).Methods The CT(n=12)and MRI(n=2)findings of pathologically proved hepatic IMT in 12 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the tumors of the 12 patients were solitary and located in right hepatic lobe.Six tumors were solid and 4 tumors were solid-cystic.The other 2 tumors were periportal soft-tissue infiltration.The tumors appeared as solid or solid-cystic hypodense mass on CT images.The lesions were dark in T1-weighted sequences and slightly bright on T2-weighted sequences.There was homogeneous or inhomogeneous moderate to significant enhancement in solid portion of the tumors.Honeycomb-like enhancement was demontrated both in the peripheral part and at the intratumoral septa of the solid-cystic mass.Conclusion CT and MRI can provide helpful information for the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic IMT.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of gastrodine in Tianma Formula Granule.Methods A HPLC was performed on Shim-pack VP-ODS(4.6mm? 150mm,5? m).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1 % H3PO4(3∶ 97).Detected wavelength was at 220 nm,the flow r ate was 0.5 mL? min-1,column temperature was at 25 ℃,and the injection volume was 5 ? L.Results The linearity was good in the range of 0.1020～0. 6120 ? g for gastrodine(r=0.9999).The average recovery rate was 100.5 %, and RSD was 1.01 %(n=5).Conclusion The established HPLC method is simple,accurate,and suitable for the determination of gastrodine in Tianma Formula Granule.

Objective To study changes in neural stem cell proliferation in ischemic brain tissue after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury treated with mild hypothermia. Methods The middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats were occluded for 2 hours, then reperfused for 3, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 28 days. Using immunohisto-chemical staining, the bromodeoxyur-idine ( BrdU)-positive cells in the brain tissue of the operationally intervened side were examined in a sham-operation group, a control group, and in rats treated using mild hypothermia. Results There were a few BrdU-positive cells in the sham-operated rats, but there were obviously more in the mild hypothermia group than in the control group. The peak period for proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic brain tissue was longer in the mild hypothermia group than that in the control group. Conclusion Mild hypothermia may promote proliferation of neural stem cells in ischemic brain tissue after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata was investigated in this paper. Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and NMR data analysis as lupeol (1), euphol (2), cassipourol(3) , 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3beta-ol (5), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (6), betulin (7), uvaol (8), (23E) -25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (9), (23E) -cycloart-23,25-dien-3beta-ol (10), 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta, 28-diol (11), salicinolide (12), 2alpha, 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha, 15beta-pentaacetoxy-11,12-epoxy-7beta, 8alpha-diisobutyryloxyjatropha-6 (17) -en-14-one (13) and 3beta, 5alpha, 15beta-triacetoxy-7beta-isobutyryloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6 (17), 11(E)-dien-14-one (14). Among them, compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. lunulata for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism

Bicyclol with benzyl alcohol structure, is a poorly water-soluble drug, used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. To increase the drug solubility and oral bioavailability, a Bicyclol-phospholipid complex was studied on its preparation, formation mechanism, and the influence on drug physicochemical properties and oral absorption. The complex was prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The optimal formulation was selected by orthogonal experimental design, and a reasonable evaluating method of the complexation rate was established. Various methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR), were used to explore the phase state and formation mechanism of the complex. The solubility of drug in complex was investigated in water/n-octanol. Preliminary study of its absorption and liver tissue distribution in rats was also carried out. The results showed that Bicyclol and phosphatidylcholine can be complexed entirely in the molar ratio 1 : 2. Bicyclol was dispersed in phospholipids as amorphous state. They were combined by intermolecular hydrogen bond due to charge transfer effect which occurred between the two polarities of the double bond between phosphorus and oxygen (P=O) of phosphatidylcholine and benzalcohol group of Bicyclol. The solubility of the complex compared to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was effectively enhanced 5.75 times in water and 7.72 times in n-octanol, separately. In addition, drug concentrations were also enhanced 43 times in plasma and 13 times in liver with one hour after administering the complex to rats via oral gavage. All of these indicated that Bicyclol with benzalcohol group can interact with phospholipids to form complex, improving drug's physicochemical properties, thus further increasing its absorption and target tissue distribution. This study also provided theoretical reference for the research of other benzalcohol derivatives complexed with phospholipids.
1-Octanol ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacokinetics ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Phospholipids ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Tissue Distribution ; X-Ray Diffraction

Injectable lipid emulsions have been routinely used in patients since 1960s as a nutritional supplement for patients requiring parenteral nutrition. In recent years, lipid injectable emulsions have been extensively studied as a kind of novel drug carrier, also the quality problems of the lipid emulsion attract more and more attentions gradually. Large diameter tail of injectable lipid emulsions as a significant quality control indicator should pay more attention. Regarding to the defect of detecting large diameter tail of lipid injectable emulsions in our country, the purpose of this article is to summarize the techniques of detecting large diameter tail, illustrate the impacts of large lipid droplet on the quality of lipid injectable emulsions, emphasize the importance of detecting large diameter tail in lipid emulsions and provide guidance for researching and developing lipid emulsions in domestic market.
Drug Stability ; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Parenteral Nutrition Solutions ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Quality Control

This article was aimed to study the optimum technological conditions of roller compaction of FKⅣ gran-ules. This experimentation compared content of two granule preparation techniques which were the dry process gran-ulation and the wet process granulation, and adopted L9(34) orthogonal experiment to study the technological parame-ters of FKⅣ granules. The dry process granulation was selected. And factors such as roller pressure, roller speedand moisture content of power, which influence the result of granule yield were also studied in the dry process gran-ulation. The results showed that the optimum technological conditions were roller pressure at 5.0 Mpa, roller speed at 400 rpm, and moisture content of power at 3.0%. It was concluded that the roller compaction process of FKⅣ gran-ules was feasible in production which was able to meet the requirement of production.

Objective This study aims to investigate the association of apoB/apoA-1 ratio with insulin resistance (IR) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) . Methods A total of 224 patients with NAFLD and 166 healthy subjects were enrolled as NAFLD group and control group. Weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), insulin (Fins), lipids, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were calculated. Results Compared with control group, NAFLD group had higher apoB/apoA-1 ratio (0.76 ± 0.28 vs 0.61 ± 0.26) and HOMA-IR (2.43 ± 1.68 vs 1.86 ± 1.61) . Spearman correlation analysis showed that in NAFLD group, HOMA-IR positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), apoB/apoA-1 ratio (r =0.34, P < 0. 05) and HbA1c, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) . Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that apoB/apoA-1 ratio was still associated with HOMA-IR in NAFLD group after adjustment for age and BMI. Conclusion The apoB/apoA-1 ratio is closely associated with IR in patients with NAFLD. ApoB/apoA-1 ratio may play a role in the development of IR in NAFLD.