PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths between the latest CAD/CAM ceramic inlay and various resin cements which are used primarily for esthetic restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylindrical ceramic blocks(Height: 5 mm, diameter: 3 mm) were fabricated by using Cerec3 and bonded on the dentin of the ninety extracted caries-free molars using three different kinds of resin cement(Unicem(R), Biscem(R), and Variolink II(R)) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ninety specimens were divided into 3 groups according to three different kinds of resin cement. Half of each group were conducted thermocycling under the conditions of the 5 - 55degrees C, 5,000 cycle but the other half of them weren't. All specimens were kept in normal saline 37degrees C, for 24 hours before measuring the bond strength. The shear bond strength was measured by Universal testing machine with a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were analyzed statistically by t-test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Unicem(R) group showed the highest shear bond strength despite a slight decline by thermocycling. The shear bond strength of Unicem(R) group and ValiolinkII(R) group were significantly influenced by thermocycling, whereas Biscem(R) group was not influenced (P<.05). There were no significant differences in the bond strength between the three groups without thermocycling, but there was significant differences between Unicem(R) group and Valiolink II(R) group with thermocycling(P<.05). CONCLUSION: It has been shown to be clinically effective when the self-adhesive resin cements Unicem(R) and Biscem(R) were used instead of the etch-and-rinse resin cement Valiolink II(R) during the bonding of CAD/CAM ceramic inlay restorations with teeth.
Ceramics ; Collodion ; Dentin ; Head ; Inlays ; Molar ; Resin Cements ; Tooth

Malignant hyperthermia still carries a high mortality despite of the increased understanding of the problem involved. A 33 year old relatively healthy male patient was admitted to this hospital via emergency room because of panperitonitis due to peptic ulcer perforation. We experienced acase of malignant hyperthermia which developed 20 minutes after induction of general anesthesia with thiopental sodium, succinylcholine chlovide, halothane, N2O and O2. The body temperature(esophageal) rose altupthy up to 41.2 degrees C and continued as a high fever for about 3 hours. The blood pressure and heart rate also increased and ventricular dyarrhythmia appeared. The etiology, triggering gactors, factors, clinical features, diagnosis treatment and safe anesthesia of malignant hyperthermia are discussed.
Male ; Humans ; Mortality

Factitious fever has been a rare cause of fever of unknown origin. We herein report a case of a young soldier, who presented with persistent fever of unusual pattern and bullae on both palms. After numerous investigations had excluded organic diseases, factitious fever was diagnosed with measurement of the freshly voided urine temperatures and body temperatures while directly observed. Biopsy of skin lesions revealed friction blister. Early recognition of this cause of fever is needed to avoid the unnecessary investigation and prolonged hospitalization.
Biopsy ; Blister ; Body Temperature ; Factitious Disorders ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Fever* ; Friction ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Skin

A 63 year-old female was brought to our hospital with severe lower back pain. She received antihypertensive drugs for 2 years but her blood pressure was normal upon arrival. She could not stand up or even walk. The MRI showed a subdural hematoma at the thoracolumbar region, which was extremely rare. The treatment applied was decompression through a spinal tap without surgery. After this, her pain subsided considerably. Two weeks later, MRI confirmed that there was no hematoma in the same region. She was discharged and has enjoyed her daily activities free of pain. A spontaneous subdural hematoma is an extremely rare disease. The condition was treated successfully in a conservative manner.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Decompression ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Rare Diseases ; Spinal Puncture

PURPOSE: The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is an important clinical tool for evaluating exercise capacity and is frequently used to evaluate chronic conditions including congenital heart disease. However, data on the normal CPET values for Korean children and adolescents are lacking. The aim of this study was to provide reference data for CPET variables in children and adolescents. METHODS: From August 2006 to April 2009, 76 healthy children and adolescents underwent the CPET performed using the modified Bruce protocol. Here, we performed a medical record review to obtain data regarding patient' demographics, medical history, and clinical status. RESULTS: The peak oxygen uptake (VO2Peak) and metabolic equivalent (METMax) were higher in boys than girls. The respiratory minute volume (VE)/CO2 production (VCO2) slope did not significantly differ between boys and girls. The cardiopulmonary exercise test data did not significantly differ between the boys and girls in younger age group (age, 10 to 14 years). However, in older age group (age, 15 to 19 years), the boys had higher VO2Peak and METMax values and lower VE/VCO2 values than the girls. CONCLUSION: This study provides reference data for CPET variables in case of children and adolescents and will make it easier to use the CPET for clinical decision-making.
Adolescent ; Bacterial Toxins ; Child ; Demography ; Exercise Test ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Oxygen

Depression is a common mental illness with a high lifetime prevalence rate in the general population. However, the pathophysiology of depression is still poorly understood. Recent studies showed that environmental factors can affect gene expression by modifying epigenetic factors. Early life stress (ELS) is likely a risk factor of lifetime vulnerability to stress and development of depression. ELS or stressful lifetime can induce changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanism, such as DNA methylation or histone modification. In this article, recent researches on the epigenetic mechanisms of depression will be discussed.
Depression* ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics* ; Gene Expression ; Histones ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: To investigate whether there was any difference in anterior capsular opening area between the use of silicone intraocular lens(IOL) and acrylic IOL after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC). METHODS: In 42 eyes, acrylic IOL(Acrysof(R), Alcon, U.S.A.) were inserted into the capsular bag during phacoemulsification, and in 36 eyes silicone IOL(Chiroflex II(R) , Chiron, U.S.A.) were inserted. The reduction rate of anterior capsular opening area at first, second, third and sixth postoperative month were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: On the whole, the reduction in anterior capsular opening area was larger by 0.574 mm 2 when silicone IOL was used, but the different was not statistically significant(P= .061). The result was the same at 1 month(P= .149), 2 months(P= .144), 3 months(P= .223), 6 months(P= .163) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that there was little difference in the changes of anterior capsular opening area after CCC between the use of silicone IOL and acylic IOL, and other factors should be considered.
Phacoemulsification ; Silicones

Achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia are the two most common forms of short-limb dwarfism. They are autosomal dominant diseases that are characterized by a rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, large head with frontal bossing, hypoplasia of the mid-face, genu varum and trident hands. Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gene, which is located on chromosome 4p16.3, have been reported to cause achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia. More than 98% of achondroplasia cases are caused by the G380R mutation (c.1138G>A or c.1138G>C). In contrast, the N540K mutation (c.1620C>A) is detected in 60-65% of hypochondroplasia cases. Tests for common mutations are often unable to detect the mutation in patients with a clinical diagnosis of hypochondroplasia. In this study, we presented a case of familial hypochondroplasia with a rare mutation in FGFR3 identified by next generation sequencing.
Achondroplasia ; Diagnosis* ; Dwarfism ; Extremities ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Genu Varum ; Hand ; Head ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans

Depression is a common psychiatric illness with a high lifetime prevalence in the general population. Serious problem, such as suicide is commonly occurring in the patients with depression. Till now, the monoamine hypothesis has been the most popular theory of pathogenesis for depression. However, the more specific pathophysiology of depression and cellular molecular mechanism underlying action of commercial antidepressant has not been clearly defined. Several recent studies demonstrated that neural plasticity, epigenetic and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling are promising answers to the pathophysiology of depression. In this article, current understanding of biology and molecular mechanisms of depression and new research on the pathophysiology of depression will be discussed.
Biology ; Depression ; Epigenomics ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Plastics ; Prevalence ; Sirolimus ; Suicide

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that is characterized by aggressive arterial and aortic disease, often involving the formation of aortic aneurysms. We describe the cases of two children with LDS who were diagnosed with aortic root aneurysms and successfully treated by valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR) with a Valsalva graft. VSRR is a safe and suitable operation for children that avoids prosthetic valve replacement.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Diseases ; Child* ; Connective Tissue ; Humans ; Loeys-Dietz Syndrome* ; Transplants