PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to explore the factors affecting the hope in nursing students. METHODS: A total of 166 nursing students participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The mean scores for social support, self-efficacy, and hope were above-average level. There were significant mean differences in hope according to religion, academic achievement, and satisfaction with nursing majors. Hope correlated positively with social support and self-efficacy. The significant predictors of hope included social support and satisfaction with the nursing major. The regression model explained 12.7% of hope. CONCLUSION: To improve hope in nursing students, nursing educators should focus on promoting their social support and satisfaction with the nursing major.
Hope* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

In femorsl neck fracture, viability of the femoral head depends on the revascularization of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of early fixation and anatomical reduction by measuring the Tc-99m-MDP uptake ratio of the femoral head in experimental animsls. Femoral neck region of 20 mature rabbits were osteotomized completely and divided into 2 groups ; each group consisted of 10 rsbbits. Group 1 had two Kirschner wire fixation after osteotomy and anatomic reduction. Group 2 had no fixation after osteotomy. The uptake ratio of Tc-99m-MDP of the femoral head in each group were measured st the intervals of 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In experimental group 1, the mean uptake ratio of the femoral head was 0.72±0.13 at 1 day after operation, increased to a level of 1.44±0.14 at 1 week, increased to a maximal value of 2. 90±0.36 at 3 weeks and decreased to a level of 1.10+0.12 at 4 weeks. 2. In experimental group 2, the mean uptake ratio of the femoral head was 0.70±0.10 at 1 day, 0.64±0.13 at 1 week, decreased to a maximal value of 0.33±0.05 at 3 weeks and 0.47±0.05 at 4 weeks, showing decreased level below 1.0. The results suggest that early anatomicsl reduction and rigid fixation of femoral neck fracture is helpful for revascularization of the femoral head and prevention of non union.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Neck ; Osteotomy ; Rabbits

Malignant osteoblastoma is very rare tumor which shows histological findings of an aggressive pattern and benign clinico-radiological features, and also called as aggressive or pseudomalignant osteoblstoma. The authors experienced one csse of malignant osteoblastoma involving diaphysis of left humerus in 22-year old man. The patient is healthy and maintains his normal activity without recurrence over five years after complete excision of cystic mass, curettage and bone graft.
Curettage ; Diaphyses ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteoblastoma ; Recurrence ; Transplants

PURPOSE: We examined the association between thyroid hormone and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 5,708 middle aged men were included. LUTS/BPH were assessed using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), total prostate volume (TPV), maximal flow rate (Qmax), and a full metabolic workup. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. We divided participants into quartiles based on their TSH and FT4 levels: first to fourth quartile (Q1–Q4). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the percentage of men with IPSS>7, Qmax<10 mL/s, and TPV≥30 mL with increase of FT4 quartile. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TPV≥30 mL and IPSS>7 were significantly different between FT4 quartile groups (ORs; [5–95 percentile interval], p; TPV≥30 mL, Q1: 0.000 [references]; Q2: 1.140 [0.911–1.361], p=0.291; Q3: 1.260 [1.030–1.541], p=0.025; Q4: 1.367 [1.122–1.665], p=0.002; IPSS>7: Q1: 0.000 [references]; Q2: 0.969 [0.836–1.123], p=0.677; Q3: 1.123 [0.965–1.308], p=0.133; Q4: 1.221 [1.049–1.420], p=0.010). In men with above median levels of testosterone, the FT4 correlated positively with TPV, even after adjusting for confounders. However, the FT4 was not correlated with TPV in men with below median levels of testosterone. TSH was not related to LUTS/BPH measurements. CONCLUSIONS: TPV, IPSS, and Qmax were significantly related to FT4. TPV and IPSS were significantly and independently related to FT4. Additionally, the relationship between FT4 and TPV was distinct when testosterone levels are high.
Humans ; Immunoassay ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Luminescence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Testosterone ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine ; Urinary Tract ; Urologic Diseases

A complete fracture dislocation at the cervicothoracic junction is rare and accompanied by severe spinal cord injury. This region is difficult to image with plain radiography, and to immobilize with external orthosis due to the biomechanical forces exerted in this transitional portion of the spinal column. We experienced a rare case in 52-year-old male victim of a car accident. He sustained paraplegia, and complained of dyspnea and neck pain of 10 days duration at another hospital. The delayed clinical rediagnosis was a C6 and 7 spinous process fracture and a cervicothoracic fracture dislocation, with complete transection of spinal cord, which was based on a clinical examination, simple radiography, CT and MRI. Skeletal traction was immediately applied, followed by a posterior pedicle screw to stabilize the spine and secure the grafts. Rehabilitation was initiated and the dysphagia and dyspnea, due to aspiration pneumonia, were improved, but no neurologic recovery was made after the 1st postoperative year.
Deglutition Disorders ; Dislocations ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; Orthotic Devices ; Paraplegia ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Radiography ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spine ; Traction ; Transplants

We report two cases of extramammary Paget's disease associated with ad enocarcinoma with metascases. Histologically, Iaget cells in the epidermis and the hair follicles and adenocarcinoma in the der mis was observed in both cases. Of special interest was the demonstration of Eaget cells extending from the involved epidermis to the underlying dermis in case 2, There were metastatic lesioris of 3rd lumbar vertebra in case 1 and of the liver and lymph nodes in rase 2.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Spine

PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic and predictive value of liver volume in colorectal cancer patients with unresectable liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients received whole liver radiotherapy (WLRT) between January 1997 and June 2013. A total dose of 21 Gy was delivered in 7 fractions. RESULTS: The median survival time after WLRT was 9 weeks. In univariate analysis, performance status, serum albumin and total bilirubin level, liver volume and extrahepatic metastases were associated with survival. The mean liver volume was significantly different between subgroups with and without pain relief (3,097 and 4,739 mL, respectively; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: A larger liver volume is a poor prognostic factor for survival and also a negative predictive factor for response to WLRT. If patients who are referred for WLRT have large liver volume, they should be informed of the poor prognosis and should be closely observed during and after WLRT.
Bilirubin ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Serum Albumin ; Tumor Burden

No abstract available.
Leiomyosarcoma*

Malposition of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) venous cannula in the azygos vein is not frequently reported. We hereby present such a case, which occurred in a neonate with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Despite ECMO application, neither adequate flow nor sufficient oxygenation was achieved. On the cross-table lateral chest radiograph, the cannula tip was identified posterior to the heart silhouette, which implied malposition of the cannula in the azygos vein. After repositioning the cannula, the target flow and oxygenation were successfully achieved. When sufficient venous flow is not achieved, as in our case, clinicians should be alerted so they can identify the cannula tip location on lateral chest radiograph and confirm whether malposition in the azygos vein is the cause of the ineffective ECMO.
Azygos Vein* ; Catheters* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Heart ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Oxygen ; Radiography, Thoracic

PURPOSE: The penis has been attracted to everyone associated with various diseases and sexual activity. Lots of materials and instruments has been applied to the penis for sexual arousal. Furthermore, those ar e usually made and applied in inappropriate ways by non-medical personnel. This resulted in lots of complications in various degrees. So, we investigated the real problems concerning various procedures performed on the genitalia by non-medical personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively medical records of 32 male and one female patients having complications which had been developed following some procedures on the genitalia by non-medical personnel from January 1995 to December 1999. These patients were analyzed according to characteristics of the patients, the methods, purposes, complications and treatments. RESULTS: Their age at first visit was various from 12 years to 70 years (mean, 35.8 years). At that time when procedures had been performed, their age were 12 years to 56 yeats (mean, 30.8 years) in 26 cases whose ages were identified. Among them 22cases (66.7%) were the married and 11 (33.3%) were the unmarried. Occupations were various and out-of-work were 10 (30.4%), commerce 8 (24.2%), firm worker 6(18.2%), student 5 (15.2%), and private job manager and the not-identified 2 (6.1%). according to the school career, the high school graduates were 18 (54.6%), the college graduates 7 (21.2%), middle school graduates 4 (12.1%), and 4 were under middle school. These procedures were performed for sexual satisfaction in 29 cases (87.9%) and for cheap and easy circumcision in 4 cases (12.1%), of which 26 cases (78.8%) had been performed by other person and 7 cases (21.2%) by himself. According to the materials used, 22 (66.7%) cases had been injected vaseline or paraffin in to the penis and one (3.0%) into the vulva, and one (3.0%) plicated his penile skin with rubber band using sewing needle, which 24 cases (72.7%) were for enlargement of the genitalia. 2 (6.0%) cases inserted plastic balls into the penile skin for sexual arousal of partner. 3 (9.1%) cases put a metallic ring, a ceramic ring, and a vacuum device over their penis for improving erection quality, respectively. 4(12.1%) cases had applied the commercially-maid self-circumcision devices over their prepuce, Complications were foreign body sensation, pain at erection, inflammation, skin necrosis, and septic condition, which were variable case by case. Treatments were removal of foreign materials and devices, necrotic tissue, and primary repair of defected skin, for that, in 2 (6.0%) cases, skin flap and graft were needed. CONCLUSIONS: Lots of complications, severe in some cases, had been developed on external genitalia following various procedures performed by medically unauthorized person. So, we have to strongly for their purpose and it would be rather harmful. At the same time, we have to strongly recommend the government to control strictly such materials and instruments not to be sold and used inappropriately.
Arousal ; Ceramics ; Circumcision, Male ; Commerce ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Occupations ; Paraffin ; Penis ; Petrolatum ; Plastics ; Retrospective Studies ; Rubber ; Sensation ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person ; Skin ; Transplants ; Vacuum ; Vulva