AIM: To explore the effect of early posterior approach vitrectomy in the treatment of penetrating ocular trauma with intraocular foreign body.METHODS: Totally 10 cases of penetrating ocular trauma with intraocular foreign bodies(IOFB) in the past two years were included.Emergency vitrectomy, intraocular foreign body removal and silicone oil tamponade were performed by the same surgeon.Antibiotics and steroids were given after surgeries.Retinal photocoagulation was done according to fundus conditions after surgeries.RESULTS: One patient combined with preoperation endophthalmitis and severely damaged retina failed to recover, eventually came to phthisis bulbi.Vitrectomy and IOFB removal were all successfully performed in the other patients.The postoperation follow-up time was 3-18mo.Two of the patients received secondary vitrectomy and silicone replacement surgeries due to recurrent retinal detachment.The remaining patients had no further bleeding with intraoclar pressure(IOP) 8-21mmHg.At the last follow-up, three of them gained best corrected visual acuity better than 0.1, two patients had visual acuity of 0.01 to 0.1 and four patients had poor visual acuity of light perception to FC/50cm because of macular damage.The patient with phthisis bulbi had no light perception.CONCLUSION: Early vitrectomy, foreign body removal and silicone oil tamponade is an effective treatment for patients with penetrating eyeball injury with IOFB.

Objective To explore hospital information system for solving the quality control problem of information collection and strengthening the hospital administration.Methods The factors affecting the information quality of the whole hospital information were analyzed.The control principle from "point" to "surface" was used to work out the quality control plan based on medical information,financial information and medicine information.Results The quality control plan was made according to the current hospital information flow.Conclusion The quality of hospital information collection in every link directly affects the information quality.Strengthening the quality control of information collection guarantees the administration quality of whole hospital information.

Objective To determine the detection rate of duodenal papilla and the diagnostic rate of small bowel diseases by capsule endoscopy(CE)and its possible influencing factors.Methods A total of 369 cases with suspected small bowel disease who had undergone CE were retrospectively reviewed. The de- tection rate of duodenal papilla and that of small bowel disease were calculated respectively. The detection rate of duodenal papilla in another 369 patients having received gastroscopy was also counted in order to findout the miss detection rate of forward-viewing endoscopy. The CE findings were reviewed at the rate of 1 im-age and 15 images per second by hand-motion respectively. The detection rate of duodenal papilla was calcu-lated,and the number of frames showing duodenal papilla was counted. Differences of detection rate of duo-denal papilla were also analyzed by different age and gender groups. In addition,the potential difference in detection rate of duodenal papilla between different bowel preparations before CE of two different reviewing approaches was also investigated respectively. Results The miss detection rate of duodenal papilla with for-ward-viewing gastroscopy was 22. 0%. The detection rate of duodenal papilla reviewed at the rate of 1 image by hand-motion,where less frames were needed to visualize duodenal papilla(3. 7vs7. 0),was significantly higher than that at the rate of 15 images per second(32. 2%vs13. 6%,P=0. 001). The diagnostic rate of small bowel diseases was also significantly higher than that of duodenal papilla by CE(67. 2%vs32. 2%,P=0. 000). Age and gender were not significantly correlated with the detection rate of duodenal papilla. No significant correlation was found between various kinds of bowel preparation before CE at different viewing rate and the detection rate of duodenal papilla. Conclusion It iS relatively difficult to identify duodenal pa- pilla by CE,as they are peculiarly positioned in anatomy,so the detection of duodenal papilla does not nec- essarily represent the detection rate of small bowel diseases. The major factors that influencing the detection of duodenal papilla by CE include local anatomy,viewing rate and technical limitations of CE.

We studied the influence of electrode array parameters on temperature distribution to the retina during the use of retinal prosthesis in order to avoid thermal damage to retina caused by long-term electrical stimulation. Based on real epiretinal prosthesis, a three-dimensional model of electrical stimulation for retina with 4 X 4 microelectrode array had been established using the finite element software (COMSOL Multiphysics). The steady-state temperature field of electrical stimulation of the retina was calculated, and the effects of the electrode parameters such as the distance between the electrode contacts, the materials and area of the electrode contact on temperature field were considered. The maximum increase in the retina steady temperature was about 0. 004 degrees C with practical stimulation current. When the distance between the electrode contacts was changed from 130 microm to 520 microm, the temperature was reduced by about 0.006 microC. When the contact radius was doubled from 130 microm to 260 microm, the temperature decrease was about 0.005 degrees C. It was shown that there were little temperature changes in the retina with a 4 x 4 epiretinal microelectrode array, reflecting the safety of electrical stimulation. It was also shown that the maximum temperature in the retina decreased with increasing the distance between the electrode contacts, as well as increasing the area of electrode contact. However, the change of the maximum temperature was very small when the distance became larger than the diameter of electrode contact. There was no significant difference in the effects of temperature increase among the different electrode materials. Rational selection of the distance between the electrode contacts and their area in electrode design can reduce the temperature rise induced by electrical stimulation.
Electric Stimulation ; Finite Element Analysis ; Microelectrodes ; Models, Theoretical ; Retina ; physiology ; Software ; Temperature ; Visual Prosthesis

Objective To evaluate the significance of the expression level of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3(AKR1C3) for esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy.Methods The clinical data of 28 patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy alone was retrospectively analyzed, and the expression level of AKR1C3 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 8 statistical software, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant difference.Results The expression level of AKR1C3 was different in esophageal carcinoma patients at different levels of differentiation.The level of AKR1C3 expression was negatively correlated with efficacy of radiotherapy (P=0.031, 95%CI 0.151-0.914).Conclusion AKR1C3 can serve as a promising biomarker of the efficacy of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Objective To study the potential role of nerve growth factor(NGF)on visceral hypersensitivity in rats.Methods Visceral hypersensitivity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of NGF with or without water avoidance stress in N group(n=8)and NW group(n=8),respectively.The rats in controI group(n=8)were intraperitoneaIly injected with normal saline and received shame water avoidance stress.Electromyogram activity of the external oblique musculature was measured by means of the visceromotor response(VMR)during colorectal distention(CRD).Statistical analysis was made by ANOVA.Results There was,nb statistical difference among three groups in the VMR at pressure of 20,40 or 60 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).When the pressure at 80 mmHg,the VMR was higher in NW group(3.54)than that in control group(2.12)(P=0.016).while it was 2.62 in N group with no difference to control group.Conclusion The colorectal visceral sensitivity in rats may be promoted by NGF in presence of water avoidance stress.

Objectives To evaluate the effect of control measures and provide the basis for development of preventive measures though dynamical monitoring of the operation of water improvement projects and know The prevalent trends of endemic fluorosis.Methods In accordance with the provisions and requirements of the Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Borne Endemic Fluorosis(Trial),136 monitoring counties were selected in national 27 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities) and Xin Jiang Production and Construction Corps,and 10 water improvement projects were selected in each county.The operation of water improvement projects was investigated,and water fluoride content was tested.Three epidemic villages were selected as fixed monitoring villages in each county.In the villages,the fluoride content in drinking water was detected by Standard Testing Method of Drinking Water.Dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Dean's method of all 8 to 12-year-old students in the villages.Stratified random sampling by age was used to select 50 adults over 25-year-old in each monitoring village,and skeletal fluorosis was examined by X-ray according to the Diagnosis Standard of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis.Results ①A total of 1398 water improvement projects were monitored.Normal and intermittent operation and discarded projects accounted for 93.35％(1305/1398),5.29％(74/1398) and 1.36％(19/1398),respectively.The qualification rate of water fluoride content was 69.96％ (978/1398).② In the 327 surveyed villages with water improvement projects,the qualification rate of water fluoride content of the projects accounted for 76.15％(249/327).In the 84 surveyed villages without water improvement projects,villages of water fluoride ＞ 1.2 mg/L and ≤2.0 mg/L,＞ 2.0 mg/L,and ≤4.0 mg/L,and ＞ 4.0 mg/L,accounted for 57.14％ (48/84),32.14％(27/84) and 10.71％(9/84),respectively.③ In the 195 villages with water improvement projects and the projects were in normal operation with qualified water,the detection rate of dental fluorosis and the defect type of dental fluorosis in children were 25.03％ (3851/15 387) and 1.88％ (289/15 387),respectively,and for the 82 villages with fluoride content exceeded the national standard,the two rates were 56.27％ (3384/6014) and 10.92％(657/6014),respectively.④ In the 195 villages with water improvement projects and the projects were in normal operation with qualified water,the detection rate of X-ray skeletal fluorosis was 19.11％ (1465/7667).In the 79 villages with fluoride content exceeded the national standard,the detection rate of X-ray skeletal fluorosis was 17.47％ (634/3630).Conclusions The operation of water improvement projects and water quality need to be further improved,and the measure of changing water plays a certain role in control of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis,which needs a long-term consolidation.

As one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis,human cytomegalovirus infection has received increasing attention,while cytomegalovirus infection of vascular endothelial cells is considered as the initial stage of causing atherosclerosis.Therefore,elucidating the mechanism of human cytomegalovirus infection of vascular endothelial cells will help further confirm the viral and etiological theories of atherosclerosis,and may block its occurrence and development from the initial stage of infection.

0.05)respectively.Histological changes of donor biopsy before implantation and 30 min after reperfusion were similar in two groups.Conclusion Within the cold ischemic time considered,Celsior and UW solution are equal in effectiveness for clinical use in liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the effects of fracture displacement and operation method on perioperative blood loss of femoral neck fractures. Methods From December 2013 to October 2014, 130 cases (58 males and 72 females, aged from 18 to 91 years, with an average age of 71.1±12.9 years) with femoral neck fractures were retrospectively analyzed for the periopera?tive blood loss. The degree of displacement was described according to Garden's grades. According to the degree of fracture dis?placement, the patients were divided into two groups:GardenⅠ-Ⅱgroup and Garden Ⅲ-Ⅳgroup, and patients' preoperative hidden blood loss was compared between two groups. According to the degree of fracture displacement and the method of opera?tion, the patients were divided into four groups:Group 1 indicates the group in which patients received cannulated screws fixation for Garden gradeⅠ-Ⅱ;Group 2 in which patients received hemiarthroplasty for Garden gradeⅠ-Ⅱ;Group 3 in which patients received cannulated screws fixation for Garden grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ; Group 4 in which patients received hemiarthroplasty for Garden grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ; and variation in the following four parameters was analyzed: the dominant blood loss, postoperative hidden blood loss, total hidden blood loss, total blood loss in the four different groups. Results For the Garden gradeⅢ-Ⅳfemoral neck frac?ture group, the preoperative hidden blood loss was significantly higher than that of the Garden gradeⅠ-Ⅱfemoral neck fracture group (t=2.267, P=0.001). The dominant blood loss volume, postoperative hidden blood loss volume, total hidden blood loss vol?ume and total blood loss volume of hemiarthroplasty groups (402.1 ± 36.8 ml, 641.3 ± 53.2 ml, 880.7 ± 61.7 ml, 1 246.1 ± 76.7 ml) were higher than those of the cannulated screws fixation group (45.8±34.9 ml, 301.9±50.6 ml, 436.6±58.6 ml, 478.5±72.9 ml). Conclusion The perioperative hidden blood loss is mainly related with the degree of fracture displacement, the greater the de?gree of fracture displacement, the more the preoperative hidden blood loss. While the dominant blood loss volume, postoperative hidden blood loss volume, total hidden blood loss volume and total blood loss volume are mainly related to the method of operation, the blood loss in which patients received hemiarthroplasty should be increased significantly.