No abstract available.
HLA-DR Antigens* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
HLA-DR Antigens* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rickettsia* ; Ulsan*

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low frequency (LF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with treatment resistant OCD were randomly assigned to 3 week either active (n=14) or sham (n=13) rTMS. The active rTMS parameters consisted of 1 Hz, 20-minute trains (1,200 pulses/day) at 100% of the resting motor threshold (MT). OCD symptoms, mood, and anxiety were assessed at baseline and every week throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate changes on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Our results revealed a significant reduction in YBOCS scores in the active group compared with the sham group after 3 weeks. Similarly, a repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant effect of time and time×group interaction on scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale. There were no reports of any serious adverse effects following the active and sham rTMS treatments. CONCLUSION: LF rTMS over the right DLPFC appeared to be superior to sham rTMS for relieving OCD symptoms and depression in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Further trials with larger sample sizes should be conducted to confirm the present findings.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Prefrontal Cortex* ; Sample Size ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica, a liver fluke, for which human acts as an accidental host. Fascioliasis, while common in some tropical countries, is rare in Korea. Endoscopie retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) has been described in only a very few cases as a useful technique for the diagnosis of fascioliasis. We report a case of fascioliasis diagnosed by ERCP, after endoscopic sphinchterotomy adult worms were removed by Dormia basket.
Adult ; Biliary Tract* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Diagnosis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fascioliasis* ; Humans ; Korea ; Pancreas* ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Zoonoses

Situs inversus totalis is a congenital condition in which there is complete right to left reversal of the thoracic and abdominal organ. According to an increase in minimally invasive treatments, laparoscopic surgery for patients with situs inversus totalis has also been increasing. We performed laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy on a 60-year-old gastric cancer patient with situs inversus totalis. He was diagnosed with early stage gastric adenocarcinoma at antrum of the anterior wall. We experienced some technical difficulties because of the position and anatomic variation of major vessels. However, the subtotal gastrectomy was completed with D1+ beta lymph node dissection followed by extracorporeal gastroduodenostomy. The patient was discharged six days after operation without any complications. The pathologic report showed that tumor invasion was limited to the submucosa and one lymph node was positive for metastasis. We believe our experience is the first reported case of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery for situs inversus in Korea.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anatomic Variation ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Korea ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Situs Inversus ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A villous tumor, histologically villous or tubulovillous adenoma, is a clinical challenge because of its higher potential for malignancy and higher recurrence rate. However, information and experience with these tumors in the Korean people is still lacking. For that reason, we designed this study to review and analyze the colonoscopic features, the potential for malignancy, and the treatiment with respect to the confirmation of guidelines for the accurate diagnosis and reasonable management of such tumors in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 753 polypectomies, including 4 transanal excisions and several bowel resections, from January 1996 to May 1997 at Song-Do Colorectal Hospital in Seoul, Among them, 447 cases (59.4%) were adenomas, comprising 405 (53.8%) tubular adenomas, 31 (4.1%) tubulovillous adenomas, and 11 (1.5%) villous adenomas. We analyzed the 42 (5.6%) tubulovillous and villous adenomas.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Villous* ; Colon* ; Diagnosis ; Rectum* ; Recurrence ; Seoul

PURPOSE: We report a case of rapid progression to proliferative diabetic after generalized edema occurrence in a non proliferative diabetic retinopathy patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 48-year-old man visited our hospital with both eyes visual disturbance which occurred 1 week ago. He was diagnosed with moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy 5 months ago and there was no significant interval change 3 weeks ago. Date of visit, diffuse macular edema and neovascularization were observed in both eyes. Accompanying visual disturbance, he had generalized edema and 10 kg of weight gain. We thought it was not common diabetic macular edema, we held ophthalmic treatment such as an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection and requested medical treatment to the department of nephrology. Diagnosed with aggravation of left ventricle heart failure and diabetic nephropathy, he took diuretics and low salt diet for 10 days. After 10 days, his visual acuity improved and macular edema disappeared. Since then, he received intravitreal anti-VEGF injection and panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment. Nevertheless, he underwent pars plana vitrectomy due to vitreous hemorrhage in right eye. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a case of sudden diffuse macular edema and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy associated with generalized edema. We suggest that it is necessary to consider systemic changes in diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Edema* ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Weight Gain

The pain after a hemorrhoidectomy is widely feared by many patients who are mostly still treated with oral/intramuscular narcotics to control their pain postoperatively. In an effort to decrease posthemorrhoidectomy pain by applying newer methods of analgesia, a prospective trial was conducted to investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of Tarasyn(R) (ketorolac tromethamine) injected into the internal sphincter muscle at the time of the hemorrhoidectomy. Tarasyn(R) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug introduced for intramuscular injection to control postoperative pain. It's action is peripheral. Therefore, it seems appropriate to inject it directly into the anal sphincter muscles when these are exposed during anorectal procedures. A total loading dose of 60 mg(2 cc, 30 mg/ml) of ketorolac was used intraoperatively. It was injected intramuscularly locally after completion of hemorrhoidectomy. Postoperative pain after a hemorrhoidectomy can be safely controlled in a patient by using newer methods of pain control, including supplemental use of the nonsteroidal analgesic ketorolac, which allows early release of the patient, the day of surgery by diminishing the postoperative pain in our study group. Another important advantage of a local injection of ketorolac was the elimination of urinary retention.
Anal Canal ; Analgesia ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Ketorolac ; Muscles ; Narcotics ; Pain Management* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Urinary Retention

Ulcerative colitis is increasing now in Korea, and the diagnosis has become relatively easy because sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are frequently used. However, the result of treatment is not satisfactory because the relapse rate is very high. Hence, the aim of treatment is to put this disease into remission as soon as possible and to keep it in remission. The authors reviewed 80 confirmed ulcerative colitis cases which were treated from Feb. 1997 to Sep. 1997 at Song Do Colorectal Hospital. The results are as follows: 1) The male to female ratio for these 80 cases was 41:39, and the most prevalent age group was the 4th decade. 2) The most common clinical symptoms were anal bleeding in 77 cases(96%), diarrhea in 68 cases(85%), and abdominal pain in 21 cases(26%). 3) The extension of the disease were the proctitis in 47 cases(59%), the left - side colitis in 28 cases(35%), the total colitis in 4 cases(5%), and the atypical colitis in 1 case(1.3%). 4) The duration of the disease was below 6 month in 30 cases, 6 months to 1 year in 35 cases, and 1~5 years in 11 cases, and over 5 years in 4 cases. 5) Clinical types were the one-attack-only type(18 cases), the relapsing-remitting type(60 cases), the chronic continuous type(1 case), and the acute fulminating type(1 case). 6) In the 28 cases of left side colitis, the average time to remission depended on the medication was 18 days for a 5-ASA 5-ASA suppository, 14.5 days for a 5-ASA oral steroid, and 8.3 days for a 5-ASA budesonide enema. Thus, a budesonide enema is the most effective medication for obtaining remission. 7) The most commonly suspected predisposing factors for relapse were cessation of medication(58 cases), mental stress(18 cases), physical stress(15 cases), and inadequate diet(8 cases). As indicated above, ulcerative colitis is increasing now in Korea, and the rectum is the most commonly involved site for this disease. Relapsing-remitting ulcerative colitis is the most frequently occurring type. Almost all cases were easily put into remission within 4 weeks, but relapse frequently occurred. Suspected predisposing factors, such as mental stress, physical stress, and inadequate diet, should be avoided in order to prevent relapse, and medication, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, should be continued to maintain remission.
Abdominal Pain ; Budesonide ; Causality ; Colitis ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Enema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mesalamine ; Music ; Proctitis ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Ulcer*