MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post transcriptionally regulate the gene expression , involving in the process of growth , development , aging and death of organisms .It has been demonstrated that miRNAs were associated with the structure and function of blood vessels and heart , involving in the aging process of blood vessels and cardiomyocytes .For example , miR-29, miR-34a, miR-217, miR-146a may participate in the regulation of aging blood vessels;miR-21, miR-22, miR-18, miR-19 may emerge as the regulators of aging cardiomyocytes .These miRNAs may function as the novel biomarkers for the cardiovascular ag-ing.This article reviews the current studies on miRNA and cardiovascular aging .

A method of simultaneous determination of the eleven phenol and aniline dyes in oxidative hair dyes by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The orthogonal and single-factor experiments were designed to and optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions, and the samples were extracted using 10 mL of 5% methanol under the conditions of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant for 10 min. The gradient elution program and the electrospray ionization mode change were together used for the optimization of the measurements, and the determinations were completed by using the multi-reaction monitoring scan. The detection limits were 1. 15-9. 43 μg/g, the recoveries of spiked samples were 88. 0%-118. 1%. The method can be used to determine trace prohibited and restricted dyes in hair dyes.

Background Heparanase degrade heparan sulfate side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.Heparanase induces angiogenesis and likely promotes the vascularization of tumor.ObjectiveThe present study is to investigate the expression of heparanase and perlecan in retinas with oxygen-induced retinopathy.Methods Sixty-five clean neonatal C57BL/6J mice were raised in a hyperbaric oxygen box with a volume percentage of 75%±2% for 5 days and then returned to the normal air room.Another 65 matched mice were raised in the normal environment as controls.Evans blue was infused by the superior vena cava in all the mice on postnatal days 12,13,17,21 and 30,afterwards fluorescein angiography was performed and then the mice were sacrificed.The retinas of mice were isolated and prepared and the retinal vessels were examined under a fluorescent microscope and optical microscope.Heranase and perlecan mRNA was detected using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).Heranase and perlecan proteins were detected by Western blot.The analysis of variance was used to compare the mRNA and the protein levels of heranase and perlecan between the experimental and control groups.Results The expression of heparanase mRNA in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups showed significant differences (F_(group)=16.303,P=0.000;F_(time)=18.614,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=11.299,P=0.000),and the expression of heparanase mRNA was significantly enhanced in mice from postnatal days 12,13,17 and 21 compared with normal control mice (P=0.001,0.000,0.000,0.001,respectively).The expression of heparanase protein in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups followed the same tendency(F_(group)=458.134,P=0.000;F_(time)=78.466,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=71.398,P=0.000).The expression of perlecan mRNA in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups showed significant differences (F_(group)=7.351,P=0.013;F_(time)=9.098,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=3.349,P=0.000),and increase in differences also were clearly seen in mice from postnatal days 13,17 and 21 compared with normal control mice (P=0.048,0.000,0.003,respectively).Conclusion The expression of heparanase and perlecan is associated with the development and progression of retinal neovascularization,and perlecan and heparanase together produce a synergistic effect.Heparanase and perlecan may participate in the angiogenesis of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Background Pupil atresia increases the difficulty of cataract surgery.The improper enlarging pupil will lead to many complications.The appropriate method of pupil dilation is very important to improve the postoperative effect.Objective This study was to evaluate the pupillary function after manually enlarged pupil to different sizes for pupil atresia complicated cataract.Methods A retrospective case-controlled study was designed.Thirty-eight eyes of 30 cases suffered from pupil atresia complicated cataract induced by chronic uveitis were enrolled in Shandong Eye Institute from May 2006 to May 2012.The eyes underwent pupil forming and phacoemulsification and assigned to the pupil enlarged to ≥6.0 mm group (15 eyes) and 4.5-5.5 mm group (23 eyes).The fibrosis membrane at pupil zone was removed,and the fibrosis strip at pupil collar was cut evenly by 23G intraocular microscissors as zigzag shape.Then the pupil was enlarged in multipoint by a pair of left and right iris hook from the main and lateral incisions.The pupils of 15 eyes in the pupil enlarged to ≥6.0 mm group were dilated above 6.0 mm and 23 pupils in the 4.5-5.5 mm group were dilated to 4.5-5.5 mm and followed by routine phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation.Topical and systemic corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs combined topical mydriatic were applied before and after operation.The pupil diameter,light reflex and photophobia symptom in postoperation were compared between the two groups.The visual acuity before and after operation and intra-and post-operative complications were recorded.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Shandong Eye Hospital,and written informed consent was obtined from each patient before operation.Results The pupil diameter in the pupil enlarged to ≥6.0 mm group was dilated to (6.9±0.4) mm and that of the 4.5-5.5 mm was dilated to (5.1 ±0.3) mm intraoperatively,with a statistical significance between them (t =16.100,P =0.000).Three months later,the pupil diameter in the pupil enlarged to ≥ 6.0 mm group was (4.9 ±0.4)mm,with different degrees of lacerated pupillary margins,and that in the pupil enlarged to 4.5-5.5 mm group was (3.5 ±0.5) mm,with rare lacerated pupillary margins,showing a statistically significant difference (t =9.820,P =0.000).The unresponsive or obtuse light reflex in the pupil enlarged to ≥6.0 mm group was significantly higher than in the pupil enlarged to 4.5-5.5 mm group(11 eyes vs.6 eyes) (x2 =8.200,P =0.005).The subjective photophobia symptom of 2-3 grades in the pupil enlarged to ≥6.0 mm group was in 12 eyes,which was higher than that in the pupil enlarged to 4.5-5.5 mm group (2 eyes) (H=19.840,P=0.000).The iris haemorrhage were seen in 3 eyes in the pupil enlarged to 4.5-5.5 mm group and 7 eyes in the pupil enlarged to ≥6.0 mm group (x2 =5.290,P=0.030).The visual acuities of the operated eyes in the two groups improved at different degrees.Conclusions Approximate physiological pupil and good visual quality can been obtained by manual releasing and enlarging pupil to less than 5.5 mm evenly during the surgery for pupil atresia complicated cataract induced by chronic uveitis.

Background Eyes with filamentary keratitis present with serious clinical symptoms.This disease is easy to relapse and the treatment is tricky.At present,its pathogenesis is still unclear,and few works were done on filamentous composition.Objective This study was to analyze the composition of corneal filament by imageological and histopathological method,and discuss the formation mechanism of filamentary keratitis.Methods Eighty-eight eyes of 82 cases who suffered from filamentary keratitis were collected in Shandong Eye Hospital between January 2008 and January 2011.The etiologies of the patients were classified and the clinical data were recorded.Firstly,the corneal filiform strip was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM),and the corneal structure was examined by high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).Then the composition of filamentary strip was analyzed by Giemsa and Masson trichrome staining of stretched preparation of filiform strip.Results Etiological study showed that filamentary keratitis occurred after penetrating keratoplasty in 40 eyes,after cataract surgery and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in 18 eyes,dry eye and neural dystrophic corneal disease in 14 eyes,acute conjunctivitis in 10 eyes.HD-OCT revealed that filament lesion developed to Bowman layer.Filament was composed of epithelial cells,inflammatory cells,mucus and the high reflective strip core with spiral arrangement under the LSCM,and epithelial cells,inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue were seen in the strip core.Giemsa staining exhibited that filament contained corneal epithelial cells,inflammatory cells,mucus and dark blued strip core with helical arrangement.Masson trichrome discovered that the strip core was red fibrous tissue surrounding by blue mucus.Conclusions Epithelial cells,inflammatory cells,mucus and the high reflective strip core with spiral arrangement are the main elements of filament in filamentary keratitis.The lesion can reach Bowman layer.The results contribute to reveal the formation mechanism of corneal filament and assist treatment.

Objective To analyse the failure reason in transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect(VSD) ,in order to improve the succeeding rate of occlusive operation on screening VSD patients with echocardiography. Methods Echocardiographic datas were summarized in 50 cases who were failed in VSD occlusion. Results Atrio-ventricular block was occurred in 14 patients,residual shunt was visualized in 13 cases,transcatheter occlusive track could not be set up in 19 cases,arotic valve regurgitation in two cases were screened obviously after occlusive device was released into the intracristal VSD. One case was suffered from cononary heart disease(CAD) and another one was suffered from acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal perforation. All these patients did not succeed in closure procedure. Conclusions The defect sizes of left and right sides of ventricular septal, structure close to defect must be considered in selecting patients before operation by echocardiography. Occlusion operation should be strictly chosen in cases who were children,or suffered from complex VSD,or senior patients with CAD.

Objective To probe into clinical value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in evaluating global and regional left ventricular function in patients with acute inferior, posterior and lateral myocardial infarction(MI).Methods The study consisted of 41 normal subjects and 23 patients with acute MI.RT-3DE was performed and three-dimensional image data was analyzed offline with software.A series of global and regional left ventricular volume curves were plotted.Regional and global diastolic volumes, regional and global systolic volumes, regional and global ejection fractions, regional stroke volume to global diastolic volume were compared respectively between control group and MI group.Results By contrast with control group, global left ventricle function and regional left ventricle function in the zones with infarction and part of the zones close to infarction had significant difference( P＜0.05),however,no effective statistic change was found in the most of the distal zones of infarction( P＞0.05).Conclusions RT-3DE can accurately evaluate measurement the left ventricular global and regional function in patients with acute MI.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of breast tumor ,and compared with imaging analysis .Methods To collect the image data of 160 patients ,confirmed by pathology ,a total of 182 ,preoperative ultra-sound elasticity imaging and DWI ,ultra sonic elastography diagnosis by five points method ,DWI on the basis of the measured ADC value in the diagnosis of lesions ,respectively compared with pathology .Results Ultrasound elastography diagnosis of 89 malignant tumors ,of which the correct diagnosis of 78 malignant tumors ,7 misdiagnosis ,11 benign misdiagnosed as malignant diagnosis;93 benign tumors ,86 of correct diagnosis ,11 misdiagnosis ,7 malignant misdiagnosed as benign ,sensitivity was 87 .6% ,specificity of 92 .5% ,the Accuracy was 93 .9% ;ultrasound elastography and DWI combined imaging diagnosis of 86 malignant tumors ,81 correct diagnosis of malignant tumors ,4 misdiagnosis ,5 from the benign misdiagnosed as malignant diagnosis ,96 benign tumors ,92 correct diagnosis ,5 misdiagnosis ,the sensitivity was 94 .1% ,specificity of 95 .8% ,the accuracy was 97 .2% .Conclusion Ultrasound elas-tography in breast benign and malignant tumor diagnosis with higher sensitivity and specificity ,accuracy ,joint DWI can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of breast benign and malignant tumor diagnosis ,accuracy .

Objective:To observe the changes of plasma oxytocin (OT), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and anxiety after exercise intervention in male opioids-dependent patients.Methods:Forty-five male opioids addicts who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily participated in exercise rehabilitation were enrolled.According to stratified random sampling, all subjects were divided into exercise group ( n=22) and control group( n=23). Exercise group attended aerobic exercise combined with resistance training intervention, 5 times per week for 8 weeks.Aerobic exercise was mainly treadmill and elliptical, while resistance training was based on strength and endurance training.Subjects completed self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Chinese perceived stress perception scale (CPSS) before and after intervention, as well as physical fitness tests. Besides, plasma OT and AVP levels were detected.Independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and Chi-square test were conducted by using SPSS 20.0 software. Results:Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in demography, drug history, SAS, CPSS, plasma OT and AVP(all P>0.05). The overall anxiety detection rate was 66.67%, the scores of SAS and CPSS were both higher than the Chinese norm, and the difference was significant(both P<0.01) . After the intervention, the levels of plasma AVP, the scores of SAS and CPSS in the exercise group (AVP(19.57±2.23)pg/ml, SAS(50.17±10.09), CPSS(36.59±6.36)) were significantly lower than those in the control group (AVP(22.53±2.56)pg/ml, SAS(57.12±12.00), CPSS(43.09±5.57), all P<0.05), and plasma OT((61.98±5.27) pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control group ((54.64±7.62) pg/ml)( P<0.01). Compared with baseline, maximal oxygen uptake(VO 2max), 1 min push-ups and sitting body flexion increased significantly in the exercise group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Opioids drug addicts were prone to excessive stress and anxiety and other negative emotions in the process of drug withdrawal. Eight-week aerobic combined with resistance exercise changed the plasma OT and AVP levels of opioids addicts, effectively alleviated the perceived stress, improved the anxiety state and their health related fitness level.

Objective To assess the short-term effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by speckle tracking strain imaging(STI). Methods Sixteen chronic heart failure patients(CHF) with CRT were enrolled. The time to peak systolic longitudinal strain and the time to peak systolic radial strain were derived from the LV apical views, and the time to peak systolic circumferential strain was derived from the parasternal short axis. The standard deviation for time to peak longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain in the 18 segments (LS-SD18, RS-SD18, CS-SD18) and the maximal temporal difference of any two segments(LS-dif, RS-dif, CS-dif) were calculated as a strain-derived dyssynchrony index. The difference of LS-SDIS, RS-SD18, CS-SD18 between 1 month,3 months after CRT and baseline (△LS-SD18, △RS-SD18, △CS-SD18) was calculated. The correlation between △LS-SD18,ARS-SD18,△CS-SD18 and the reduction of end-systolic volume at follow-up(△ESV%) were analyzed. Results The LS-SD18, RS-SD18,CS-SD18 and RS-dif were decreased significantly 1 month,3 months after CRT.△RS-SD18 was correlated with △ESV% 3 months after CRT(r = 0. 694). Conclusions The strain-derived dyssynchrony index is great significient for short-term effect of CRT.