No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Learning Disorders* ; Learning*

Tretinoin(all-trans retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A and it is useful in the treatment of photoaging skin. Photoaging skin is characterized by wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, dry and rough skin, and loss of skin tone. Current use of topical tretinoin mainly acts on the epidermis, requires a long period to obtain the desired results and may cause skin hyperpigmentation. A combination of topical and injectable tretinoin has been used to reduce the treatment period as a result of its potentialized effect on the dermis when compared to graditional topical cream use. in this study, we observed histologic alterations in 5 white rabbits after using 0.05% topical tretinoin cream and 0.1% injectable tretinoin. Tretinoin was treated on the rabbits ears-group 1 and 2 on the right ear for study 1, and group A and B on the left ear for study 2. Study 1 was done to differentiate whether the dermal thickening is due to the simple physical stretching of dermis by intradermal injection, or whether it is duer to the histologic change by tretinoin. In group 1, saline was injected intradermally and in group 2, tretinoin was injected intradermally. Study 2 was done to compare the dermal thickening between the topical tretinoin cream treatment group (group A) and the combined topical and injectable tretinoin group (group B). Injection was done once a week immediately followed by 340nm blue light skin exposure. These treatment were done for 12 weeks. We harvested skin stripe from all group, group 1 and 2, and group A and B respectively, after 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Histologic differences were observed and measured. Dermal thickening was observed in group 2 and in group B(p<0.05). The results showed that intradermal injection of tretinoin mainly acts on the dermis and potentialtes the effect on photo-aging skin and fine wrinkles.
Dermis ; Ear ; Epidermis ; Hyperpigmentation ; Injections, Intradermal* ; Pigmentation ; Rabbits ; Skin ; Tretinoin* ; Vitamin A

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Osteoma, Osteoid*

BACKGROUND: There has been reports which suggest that non-specific symptom of patients with mitral valve prolapse is associated with autonomic dysfunction. METHODS: To assess autonomic dysfunction of patients, we examined five cardiovascular reflex tests in 25 asymptomatic MVP patients(identified as MVP group), 25 symptomatic MVP patients(identified as MVP syndrome group) and 25 control group. RESULTS: In the five cardiovascular autonomic function tests, abnormalities of Valsalva ratio were detected in 1(4%) control group, 7(28%) MVP group, 9(36%) MVP syndrome group, heart rate response to deep breathing in 0(0%), 2(8%), 4(16%) respectively, immediate heart rate response to standing in 0(0%), 2(7.4%), 2(8%) respectively and in postural hypotension, there were no abnormal group. Abnormalities of blood pressure response to sustained handgrip were only detected in 2(8%) MVP syndrom group. According to the five categories of cardiovascular autonomic functon tests, normal in 24(96%) and early damage in 1(4%) were detected in control group. In the MVP group, normal 17(68%), early damage 6(24%) and definite damage 2(8%) were noted. In the MVP syndrome group, normal 9(36%), early damage 13(52%), definite damage 1(4%) and combined damage 2(8%) were detected. In case of heart rate response to deep breathing, we found significant differences between control and MVP syndrome group(p=0.043), and between MVP and MVP syndrome group(p=0.0043). In case of heart rate response to standing, between control and MVP syndrome group(p=0.0009), between MVP and MVP syndrome group(p=0.001), the differences were noted. In case of blood pressure response to standing, between control group and MVP group(p=0.0019), between MVP and MVP syndrome group(p=0.0075), we found significant differences. Resulting from our study, heart rate response to deep breathing and standing, blood pressure response to standing were of considerable value in assessing the autonomic dysfunction of patients with mitral valve proapse. CONCLUSION: We found autonomic dysfunction in addition to increased autonomic tone and responsiveness which have been already known previously in mitral valve prolapse. And autonomic dysfunction was more severe in symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse than asymptomatic ones.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Mitral Valve Prolapse* ; Mitral Valve* ; Reflex ; Respiration

No abstract available.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Tachycardia

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Antibodies*

No abstract available.
Arteries ; Electrocardiography ; Myocardial Infarction ; Transposition of Great Vessels

BACKGROUND: Mitral stenosis is charcterized by decrease in mitral valve area anatomically and increase in transmitral pressure gradient hemodynamically. And these changes have been used to quantify the severity of mitral stenosis clinically. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of mitral valve resistance as a hemodynamic parameter in patients with mitral stenosis, we compared the mitral valve resistance to the clinical status of the patient with mitral stenosis, the other hemodynamic parameters and static parameter. METHODS: We analyzed and reviewed the data obtained from the consecutive 27 patients with mitral stenosis(7 male, 20 female : mean age 38+/-9 years) who had been underwent percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty(PMV). RESULTS: Befor PMV, the mitral valve resistance was significantly correlated with exercise capacity on treadmill test(r=-0.37, p<0.05), mitral valve area(r=-0.72, p<0.01), transmitral mean pressure gradient(r=0.83, p<0.01),not with cardiac output, mixed venous oxygen saturation. After PMV, the mitral valve resistance was significantly correlated with mitral valve area (r=-0.72, p<0.01), transmitral mean pressure gradient(r=0.90, p<0.01).According to the results summerizing and comparing the values of before and after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, the mitral valve resistance had good relationship with preexisting paramerters of severity such as mitral valve area(r=-0.82, p<0.01), transmitral mean pressure gradient (r=0.92, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This results indicate that the mitral valve resistance is a useful hemodynamic parameter in patients with mitral valve stenosis and reflects the exercise capacity during the treadmill test which was the objective parameter of practical and clinical status of the patient well than the other hemodynamic parameters in case of remarkably reduced transmitral valve blood flow due to severe mitral valve stenosis, because the degree of change in the mitral valve resistance in relagion to the degree of change in transmitral valve blood flow is relatively more constant than the other hemodynamic parameters.
Cardiac Output ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Mitral Valve* ; Oxygen

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of human origin have been frequently applied to experimental animal models to evaluate their immunomodulatory functions. MSCs are known to be activated by cytokines from T cells, predominantly by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in conjunction with other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukin-1beta. Because IFN-gamma is not cross-reactive between human and mouse species, the manner in which human MSCs administered in experimental animals are activated and stimulated to function has been questioned. In the present study, we established MSCs from human adipose tissue. They successfully suppressed the proliferation of not only human peripheral blood mononuclear cells but also mouse splenic T cells. When these human MSCs were stimulated with a culture supernatant of mouse T cells or recombinant murine TNF-alpha, they expressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The dominant role of COX-2 in suppressing mouse T cell proliferation was validated by the addition of COX-2 inhibitor in the co-culture, wherein the suppressed proliferation was almost completely recovered. In conclusion, human MSCs in a murine environment were activated, at least in part, by TNF-alpha and mainly used COX-2 as a tool for the suppression of in vitro T cell proliferation. These results should be considered when interpreting results for human MSCs in experimental animals.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation* ; Coculture Techniques ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Cytokines ; Humans* ; Immunomodulation ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Interferon-gamma ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha