Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics and virulence genes of 488 Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) strains isolated from the People′s Hospital of Huangzhou District in Hubei Province during 2009 to 2013.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Oxacillin and Cefoxitin to S.aureus were determined by agar dilution method .PCR analysis was used for the detection of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec ( SCCmec ) and multilocus-sequence typing ( MLST ) .Multiplex PCR analysis was performed to detect the 31 common virulence genes .Results A total of 227 methicillin-resistant S.aureus ( MRSA) strains were identified from 488 S.aureus strains with a prevalence rate of 46.5%.The SCCmec Ⅲtype was the prevalent genotype accounting for 81.5% of the 227 MRSA strains, followed by Ⅳtype which accounted for 10.1%.The predominant clonal complex ( CC) of MRSA strains was CC8 accounting for 81.1%, followed by CC59 (4.8%) and CC5 (3.1%).CC1 was the predominant clonal complex of methicillin-sensitive S.aureus (MSSA) strains, accounting for 34.1% of the 261 MSSA strains, followed by CC398 (21.8%), CC121 (14.9%) and CC59 (13.0%).The number of MSSA iso-lates carrying no less than 15 test virulence genes was 109 ( 48 .2%) , which was significantly higher than that of MRSA isolates (28.2%) (P=0.002).A close relationship between the enterotoxins genes (sed, sej and ser) and the CCs of CC8 and CC5 was identified.Exfoliatin genes (eta and etb) and lukED gene were detected only in strains that belonged to CC 1.Strains that belonged to CC 1 and CC59 clones showed higher rates of pvl gene as compared with those belonging to other CCs (P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of MRSA strains was 46.5%in Huangzhou District, Hubei Province, which was consistent with the na-tional average rate .The predominant genotype of MRSA strains was ST 239-MRSA-SCCmecIII , accounting for 79.3%.Effective measures should be taken by Health sectors to control the spread of MRSA strains .The MSSA isolates carried more virulence genes than MRSA strains .The spectrums of virulence genes were var-ied in strains belong to different CCs clones , indicating the close relationship between virulence genes and genetic backgrounds .

Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristic of heterogeneous‐ vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus(hVISA) among methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)strains isolated from sterile body fluid specimens from 2009 to 2013 in Huangzhou District People′s Hospital in Huanggang City .Methods The minimum inhibitory con‐centrations (MIC) of antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method .The hVISA strains were detected by population analysis profile/area under the curve method (PAP/AUC) .The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) ,multilocus‐sequence typing (MLST) ,accessory gene regulator (agr) and Staphylococcus aureus protein A(spa) typing of hVISA strains were detected using PCR method .Results 32 hVISA strains were detected among 285 MRSA strains ,the prevalence rate of hVISA was 11 .2% , and the detection rates of hVISA from 2009 to 2013 were 0 .0% ,6 .4% ,9 .0% ,14 .3% and 18 .8% ,respectively ,showed an increas‐ing trend .The main hVISA epidemic clone was ST239‐SCCmecIII‐ t030‐agrI type(28strains ,accounting for 87 .5% ) .Conclusion The detection rate of hVISA showed an increasing trend in the past 5 years ,should be paid attention to strictly control the utiliza‐tion of glycopeptide drugs .

Circadian rhythms describe biological phenomena that oscillate with an 24 hour cycle. These rhythms include blood pressure, body temperature, hormone level, the number of immune cells in blood, and the sleep-wake cycle. The aim is to introduce common genes between species that are responsible for determining the circadian behavior, especially some transcription factor s that serve to regulate many circadian rhythm genes. And the common molecular mechanism of biological clocks between fly and human will be in troduced.

0.05).After the contamination,the mice body weight of high dose group of cypermethrin and dehamethrin were lower than the negative control group (P

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Morinda officinalis (MO) extract on cytoxan (CTX) -impaired spermatogenesis of adult male SD rats.

METHODSWe randomly divided 56 adult male SD rats into seven groups of equal number: blank control, CTX model, CTX + NS, CTX + 10 g/kg MO, CTX + 20 g/kg MO, CTX + 30 g/kg MO, and CTX + 40 g/kg MO. We made the models of impaired spermatogenesis in the SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of CTX and treated the animal models by intragastric administration of MO at the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 g per kg per d, respectively. After two weeks of medication, we observed the changes in the body weight, testicular and epididymal indexes, and microstructure of the testis tissue, measured the mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) , and obtained testicular biopsy scores (TBS) in different groups, followed by comparative analyses.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the CTX + NS group showed no remarkable differences in the body weight ([234.83 ± 28.77] g) and epididymal index (2.71 ± 0.34) from those of the four CTX + MO groups, but exhibited a significantly lower testicular index ([12.15 ± 1.04] g) than those in the CTX + 20 g/kg MO ([13.71 ± 0.97] g), CTX + 30 g/kg MO, ([13.30 ± 0.29] g), and CTX + 40 g/kg MO group ([13.48 ± 0.51] g) (P < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed obvious pathological changes of the testis tissue in the CTX + NS group and significantly ameliorated structures of the seminiferous tubules in the CTX + MO 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg groups, with the MSTD of (204.78 ± 11.03), (216.55 ± 10.93), (218.03 ± 11.23), and (218.59 ± 14.06) μm, respectively, and the TBS of 9.03 ± 0.39, 9.69 ± 0.26, 9.83 ± 0.18, and 9.89 ± 0.11, respectively, all significantly higher than (189.74 ± 8.55) μm and 5.95 ± 1.21 in the CTX + NS group (P < 0.05). The efficacy of MO extract was increased in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONMorinda officinalis extract can repair cytoxan-induced damage to rat spermatogenesis, with may achieve the best effect at the concentrations of 30 and 40 g per kg per d.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; toxicity ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; Male ; Morinda ; chemistry ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seminiferous Tubules ; drug effects ; pathology ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testis ; drug effects ; ultrastructure

Adult ; Female ; Gas Poisoning ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; complications

Carbamates ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; analysis ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Vegetables ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of dysphagia on nutritional status of stroke patients. MethodsSwallowing function of stroke patients were studied with videofluoroscopy. They were divided into study group and control group according to the results of videofluoroscopy (60 cases in each group). Their nutritional status were compared. ResultsThe triceps skin fold, mid-upper arm muscle circumference and serum albumin in the study group were lower significantly than those in the control group (P<0.05). ConclusionDysphagia is associated with poor nutrition in stroke patients.

This paper briefly introduced the characteristics, some kinds of equipment, and the advantages of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation, especially in upper limb function rehabilitation, and its mechanism of motor function recovery after stroke. Some assessment tools commonly used for motor function were summarized.

Spore suspension of Streptomyce s griseus AS 818 (10 6/mL)was radiated b y Co 60 -radiation,the radiation dosage was 1?10 4rad.And 5 streptomy cin resis tant mutants (above 50?g/mL) were screened,then the resistant level of mutant RL-4 was induced to 100?g/mL.The number of RL-4 colonizing on soybean roots pl anted on 1% Water agar or in sterile soil was determined.The results showed tha t it could colonize on soybean rhizosphere and rhizoplane for a short period,bu t there is a little difference.When it was examined in 1% Water agar,the numb er of RL-4 raised gradually in soybean rhizoplane in 4 weeks.But when examined in sterile soil,RL-4 reduced about 100 times at the 1 st week,then raised gradually and reached the highest point at the 3 rd week,and decreased aga in at the 4 th week,In the rhizoplane,it reduced gradually from the 1 st week,and couldn't be examined at the 4 th week. Mutant RL-4 couldn't be found in soybean endorhizosphere by tissue printing.