Graduate education is the maln approach to cultivate advanced medical talents. However, the current clinical research ability tralning for postgraduate students is poor. This article discusses about four possible reasons: the misunderstanding of the medical research, system defects of the endowment of scientific research fund, drawbacks of evaluation criteria, and deficiency of grad-uate student curriculum. In order to improve the clinical research ability of medical graduates, this article also discusses the possible solutions: clarifying the understanding, strengthening policy support, im-proving the evaluation methods, and perfecting the tralning course of the clinical medical research.

Humans ; Odontogenic Tumors ; diagnosis ; pathology

Liver is one of the most predilection sites of hematogenous metastasis of a variety of malignances,especially for gastrointestinal tumors.Surgical resection was the first choice for the treatment of liver metastases,while it could not apply to patients who had multiple metastatic lesions or other organs involvement.Interventional technique has been widely recognized for the advantages of minimal trauma,little pain,quick recovery and obvious efficacy.

Humans ; Mouth ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo optimize the hydrolysis process of linarin by response surface methodology, and to use the model of aldose reductase to study the acacetin's activity of aldose reductase inhibitory.

METHODThe model of acacetin enzyme in vitro was established by the determination of fluorescence absorption of NADPH, the inhibition rate of acacetin aldose reductase was calculated, and then the IC50 of hydrolysis was obtained. The hydrolysis process of linarin hydrolysis condition was optimized by using response surface method.

RESULTThe results indicated that the IC50 of acacetin (2.74 mg x L(-1)) was less than the IC50 of linarin (3.53 mg x L(-1)). Hydrolyzation time of 7.4 h, sulphuric acid concentration of 0.54 mol x L(-1) and the ratio of material to liquid of 3 : 1 were the optimum conditions.

CONCLUSIONHydrolyzate acacetin has preferable inhibitory activity of aldose reductase. The optimized hydrolysis condition of linarin is convenient to use with good predictability.

Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina ; enzymology

In recent years, the function of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a hot field in melanoma.The abnormal expression of MITF is closely related to the occurrence and metastasis of melanoma.In addition, the down expression of MITF promotes its invasion.Studying the regulation of MITF and its related molecules and signaling pathways will let us further understand the molecule mechanism of malignant melanoma metastasis and provide help to exploit novel molecular targeted drug.

The study of secondary development of major Chinese materia medica varieties is the important content of Chinese materia medica (CMM) innovation research, and it is also the important approach of inheriting and developing traditional Chinese medine (TCM) theory and breaking the bottleneck restricting of the development of TCM theory and CMM industry. In this paper, the secondary development of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC) was systematically studied. The chemical components of SJC were elucidated by the identification and characterization of herbs, SJC and components ingested into the blood. The main effective components were further screened and cleared by integrating UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, NF-κB double luciferase reporter gene system, binding experiments of G protein coupled receptors, network pharmacology analysis, and spectrum-efficiency screening method. Based on the traditional efficacy, the mechanism of SJC was explained in terms of anti-inflammatory immunity, antipyretic effect, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the main components based on the methods of animal model and genomics. The formula features, compatibility regularity were clarified and the action properties, comparative advantages and core clinical value were found and refined by the research of decomposed recipes and the comparison with the similar CMM recipes and chemical drugs. The quality control systems of SJC and related herbs were established by content determination of multi-target ingredients and multi-batch samples, and the establishment of the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint. The original quality standards were promoted comprehensively to ensure the uniformity, stability and controllability of product quality. This study not only provided important theoretical and experimental basis for clinical application and guidance of clinical practice, but also provided research ideas and modes for the secondary development of other major CMM varieties.

To study the secondary development of major Chinese materia medica (CMM) varieties is the important content of CMM innovation research, and it is also the important approach of inheriting and developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and breaking the bottleneck restricting the development of TCM theory and CMM industry development. In this paper, the secondary development of Liujing Toutong Tablets (LTT) was systematically studied. The chemical components of LTT were elucidated by identification and characterization of herbs, LTT and components ingested into the blood. The main effective components were further screened and cleared by binding experiments of G protein coupled receptors and network pharmacology analysis. The mechanism of LTT was explained by the studies of animal models, isolated organs, cells, functional receptors, and network pharmacology related with headache. The formula features, compatibility regularity were clarified and the action properties, comparative advantages and core clinical value were found and refined by the research of decomposed recipes and the comparison with the similar CMM recipes and chemical drugs. The quality control systems of LTT and related herbs were established by systematic research of identification and characterization of chemical components, the LTT chemical information herbal source, content determination of multi-target ingredients, establishment of the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint, sample determination of multiple batches. The original quality standards were promoted comprehensively ensuring the uniformity, stability and controllability of product quality. This study not only provided important theoretical and experimental basis for clinical application and guiding clinical practice, but also provided research ideas and modes for the secondary development of other major CMM.

The quality of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the lifeline of Chinese medicine industry. However, many problems are still found in the quality study on CMM, which restricts the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry to a certain extent. Aiming at the problems existing in the quality research on CMM, the research idea, method and approach of quality marker research and quality evaluation of CMM were put forward based on systematic analysis and discussion on the basic properties and clinical features of CMM according to the core concept of quality marker and the combination of research practice, from the perspective of transmission and traceability of quality elements, the relationship between chemical composition and traditional efficacy containing "drug property" and "drug function", composition analysis of endemicity based on pharmacophylogenetic study and biosynthetic approach. Finally, a new integrated mode of CMM quality evaluation and control was established.

The pharmacodynamic material basis of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC) was identified and the mechanism was explained. Ninety-four compounds were identified in SJC and 10 compounds were determined to be the anti-inflammatory ingredients by screening experiments. The mechanism of multi-component, multi-targets, and multi-pathways of SJC which provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the standards of quality control and the clinical application was elucidated by in vivo experiments, network pharmacology, and genomics.