PURPOSE: Moyamoya disease is a primary vascular disease characterized by stenosis that is followed by occlusion of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery and other vessels of the circle of Willis. Since there has not been any specific reports about clinical manifestation in children, we plan to study on clinical manifestation through these patients who have moyamoya disease. METHODS: We have reviewed our case of moyamoya disease in patients admitted to Yonsei University College of Medicine and analyzed their age & sex distribution as well as clinical manifestations, together with brain CT and angiographic findings. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Fifty cases of moyamoya disease were encounted during a 10-year period. 2) The male to female ratio was 1:2.3 and mean age was 6.3 years old. 3) The most common chief complaint on admission was hemiparesis followed by convulsion. 4) 42 patients(84%) showed infarction on brain CT and only 5 patients(10%) showed hemorrhage. Most common lesion was frontal lobe. 5) Bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid arteries was most common site of lesions on cerebral angiography.
Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Angiography ; Child ; Circle of Willis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Sex Distribution ; Vascular Diseases

Acrylonitrile is most commonly used aliphatic nitrile compounds characterized by the structural formula R-C=N and used mossy to make acrylic fibers, plastics, synthetic rubber, and wall coverings. In recent, because of its extensive usage and the rapid expansion of the chemical industry, many poisonings have been reported and many studies on its health effects have been performed. Acute toxicity resembles cyanide poisoning and results mainly in effects on the nervous system. High exposure also can cause temporary damage to red blood cells and the liver and can cause lead to death. Because long-term occupational exposure to the acrylonitrile has been with cancer in humans, the U.S EPA classifies acrylonitrile as probable carcinogen. For this reason, The federal government has developed regulations and advisories to protect individuals firm the potential health effects of acylonitrile in the environment, but there are few studies, case reports and regulations of the government in our country. We experienced acute poisoning caused by acrylonitrile inhalation that occurred in an industrial accident. So, we report this case with literature reveiw.
Accidents, Occupational ; Acrylonitrile* ; Chemical Industry ; Elastomers ; Erythrocytes ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Liver ; Nervous System ; Occupational Exposure ; Plastics ; Poisoning* ; Social Control, Formal

No abstract available.

The treatment of acetabular fractures is composed of operative and conservative methods, however, they are still controversial. Generally, because the acetabular fracture involves the joint surface and one sequalae such as post-traumatic arthritis can follow treatment, therefore an accurate reduction and postoperative early mobilization to obtain the prevenation of joint stiffness and arthritis are required. In order to achieve these purposes, we have studied and done a comparative survey between conservative and operative treatment on 55 patients with acetabular fractures, who were treated at our department from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1988. Results were obtained as follows. 1. The prevalent age was the third decade and the cause of injury was traffic accidents in the majority. 2. The most common type of fracture was a posterior wall by Letournel classification. 3. Satisfactory results of operative treatment were 76% and conservative treatment 47%. 4. The complications were post-traumatic arthritis, ectopic ossification, peroneal nerve palsy and skin infection. 5. In the majority of displaced acetabular fractures, ORIF was recommended.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Arthritis ; Classification ; Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Joints ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Paralysis ; Peroneal Nerve ; Skin

No abstract available.
Korea*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Moyamoya Disease*

No abstract available.
Humans

PURPOSE: This study attempted to identify influential variables on types of smoking in adult smokers, which have been derived from Q-study. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 328 adult smokers at community settings in Seoul, South Korea from April 2006 to July 2006. To identify the influential variables related to smoking, variables from the Trans-theoretical model(i.e., self-efficacy for smoking abstinence, smoking temptation, process of change, decisional balance(pros and cons)) and nicotine dependency were analysed by ANOVA. Post-comparison tests were also done. RESULTS: The scores of nicotine dependency and smoking temptation were higher in habitual craving types than any other types, while the scores of self-liberation and self-efficacy for smoking abstinence were higher in self control types than any other types. CONCLUSION: Specific smoking intervention methods for each of the smoking types needs to be developed, based on how different groups of individuals gets into a decisions to quit smoking within their contexts.
Adult ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Republic of Korea ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of propofol and oral clonidine on bleeding and their efficacy in blunting the hemodynamic effects of epinephrine during endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS: Informed consent was obtained from eighty patients scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia. All patients received atropine 0.5 mg IM for premedication. Group I (n = 20) received thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg followed by an isoflurane 1 - 1.5 vol% in O2/N2O 50/50. Group P (n = 20) received propofol 2 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 6 - 10 mg/kg/hour in O2/N2O 40/60. Group P + 75 (n = 20) received oral clonidine 75ng and Group P + 150 (n = 20) received oral clonidine 150ng 60 min before induction of anesthesia. In anesthetic induction and maintenance, Group P + 75 and Group P + 150 were identical to Group P. Blood pressure, heart rate, EKG and SpO2 were continuously monitored. Blood losses were collected and measured at the end of each procedure. Pre- and postoperative hematocrit were checked. The duration of heart rate to peaked level and side effects were observed in all patients after the intranasal injection of epinephrine. RESULTS: The average estimated blood losses in Group P, P + 75 and P + 150 were significantly less than that of Group I (P < 0.05). In Group P + 150, the duration of heart rate increase was significantly shorter than that of Group I (P < 0.05). In Group P + 150, mean arterial pressure and the difference between preoperative and postoperative hematocrit were significantly less than that of Group I (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia based on propofol infusion may have the advantage of decreased bleeding compared with conventional inhalation agents during endoscopic sinus surgery. Tachycardia inresponse to intranasal epinephrine injection was attenuated by oral clonidine.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Clonidine* ; Electrocardiography ; Epinephrine ; Heart Rate ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Inhalation ; Isoflurane ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide

Histiocytosis X(Langerhans cell histiocytosis) is a rare prolifertive disorder of Langerhans cells that includes Lettere-Siwe disease, Hand-Shiiller-Christian his ase and eosinophilic granuloma. Since many authors have reported in anintermediate and poarl classified form histiocytosis X has a namenclatural had nosologic problem. We report a case benign cutaneous variant of histiocytisis X. A four-month-old boy had shown multiple skin-colour papules on the trunk, head and nik for one month. Extensive in- vestigations failed to detcct any systemic involvement. The clixron microscopic findings of the skin biopsy specimen were Qefinitely diagnostic for histiocytosi. X Since he did not sbow evidence of internal organ involvernent and any further progression of he skin lesion, no therapy was given. Over the next two months the disease underwent spontane us and complete remission.
Biopsy ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Head ; Histiocytosis* ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells ; Male ; Remission, Spontaneous* ; Skin