Early detection of skeletal disorders was very important role in establishing therapeutic modality and prevention of complications. Since Tc-99m-phosphates derivatives used in bone scan agent, remarkable improvement was noted in effectiveness, cost, radiation hazard to patient and image quality than previously used agents such as strontium or fluoride. Bone scan with Tc-99m-MDP was done in 155 cases for early diagnosis of skeletal disorders at Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University from August, 1980 to May, 1982 were analyzed both clinically and radiologically, and the following results were obtained. l. Among 19 cases of avascular necrosis, positive cases were 17 (89.5%) in bone scan and 6(31.6%) in X-ray. Positive pattern could be classified into 3 types and the radionuclide uptake in the femoral head was decreased in 3 cases which was negative in X-ray and duration of their symptoms was within 4 months. 2. Fifteen among 17 hip fractures or dislocations were positive in bone scan. In 12 (80.0%) among 15 cases, complications were revealed and positive cases in X-ray were 7(58.3%), which were all positive in bone scan. 3. In 20 bone scans for early diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis, positive in bone scan were 17 and 14 (82.4%) of 17 cases were finally diagnosed as acute osteomyelitis. Among 15 cases diagnosed as acute osteomyelitis, positive in X-ray were 8(53.3%) and sensitivity of acute osteomyelitis in bone scan was 93.3%. 4. In 25 cases of the suspected infection of the joint, 15 were positive in bone scan and among them, cases diagnosed as pyogenic arthritis were 12 (80.0%) and positive in X-ray were 2 (16.7%). Only one of 10 cases of transient synovitis of the hip joint was positive in bone scan. 5. In rheumatoid arthritis, 13 of 15 cases were positive in bone scan and 10 among them were revealed the diffuse uptake of the radionuclide in the joint. In degenerative arthritis, 7 of 8 cases were positive in bone scan and they were revealed the focal uptake of the radionuclide in the same site where the bone was changed in x-ray. 6. Among 28 cases showed spine fracture in X-ray after trauma, 15 (53.6%) were positive in bone scan. In spine fracture, it was difficult to differentiate fresh fracture from old fracture with bone scan. The positive duration of bone scen in fracture of weight bearing bone was longer than in spine fracture. Rib fracture which was not found in X-ray could be diagnosed with bone scan.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Clinical Study ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Fluorides ; Head ; Hip Fractures ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Joints ; Necrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteomyelitis ; Rib Fractures ; Spine ; Strontium ; Synovitis ; Weight-Bearing

The diagnosis of a Battered Child Syndrome is made by the pediatrician, surgeon and the radiologist because almost parents deny the diagnosis or refuse to answer the doctor's questions. The imaging modalities play a key role in the investigation and documentation of the battered child syndrome, because of the high frequency of the typical skeletal lesion. Although physical abuse is denied by parents, the recognition of this entity is possible by the primary diagnostic imaging study in the suspected child abuse. The imaging studies are either a bone scan and x-ray series or a complete radiolographic skeletal survey by X-ray series. In an expected intracranial injury, a CT scan of the head is mandatory We experienced a case of Battered Child Syndrome in a 6 month-old male infant who had subdural hemorrhage and fractures of skull and ribs in different stages of healing and repair. The brief review of the literature was made.
Battered Child Syndrome* ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Head ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parents ; Ribs ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available in English.
Clinical Study ; Neck

No abstract available in English.
Dislocations ; Hip

Diabetes, which has shown an explosive increase in terms of its incidence, is regarded as a serious disease that must be overcome for the sake of human life. Among animal models used for testing of drug efficacy, the mini-pig model has shown a rapid upload due to its many similarities with human, particularly concerning the pharmacokinetics of compounds after subcutaneous administration, the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract, the morphology of the pancreas, and overall metabolic status. Based on these various advantages, we sought to develop an animal model of type II diabetic mellitus using the Micro-pig, which differs from other miniature pigs. We used six male Micro-pigs for induction of a moderate insulin deficient model with nicotinamide (NIA)/streptozotocin (STZ) treatment and three animals for control. For evaluation of incidence of type II diabetes, we measured blood glucose level, and performed oral glucose tolerance test and immunohistochemistry on pancreatic tissue using insulin antibody. Compared to control animals, all animals treated with NIA/STZ showed high levels of glucose and low levels of insulin. In addition, we observed the partially destroyed beta cell population from tissue of the pancreas in treated animals. Based on these results, we report that the Micro-pig model developed in this study can be used for testing of the efficacy of therapeutic agents for treatment of Type 2 diabetic mellitus.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Niacinamide ; Pancreas ; Swine

Bile* ; Child, Preschool* ; Female* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Studies conducted on both animal and adult human subjects have demonstrated that a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) causes cerebrocortical dysfunction resulting in an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Although it is assumed that in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the shunt will decrease CBF and alter the cerebrocortical function thus resulting in an abnormal EEG, this has yet to be firmly established. This comparative study, therefore, measures EEG as effected by CBF before and after PDA closures. Furthermore, in order to observe the effect of PDA on CBF and EEGs, the results were compared against a control group made up of premature infants without PDA. METHOD: All subjects were premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Chungbuk National University Hospital between February and August of 1997, were under gestational age (GA) 36 weeks, and weighed less than 2 kilograms: PDA group (group I consisted of 8 with PDA and respiratory distress syndrom (RDS); group II of 5 with PDA but without RDS) and Control group (group III of 6 without PDA but with RDS; group IV of 12 with neither PDA nor RDS). Studies were performed on the third and seventh day after birth and continued weekly throughout the period of study. Using Acuson 128XP/10c Doppler Echo cardiography, we measured the peak systolic velocity (PVS), the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and the area under the velocity curve (AUVC) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the blood flow of the left carotid artery and the descending aorta, calculated the LA/Ao ratio and conducted EEG's. RESULTS: 1) Birth weight and gestational age There was a significant difference between group I and group IV. However, when contrasting the two control groups overall, we found no significant variation. 2) In the PDA group, the infants were treated as follows: four infants were performed PDA ligations and seven were administrated indomethacine, resulting in 5 successful closures. Two infants had PDA which closed naturally without any treatment.3) PSV, DV, AUVC in the PDA group before and after closureThe incidence of decreased cerebral blood flow tended to increase after the PDA closure; however, the variation was not significant. In the groupes with RDS, on the other hand, the increase of CBF was significant after treatment, especially in group III.4) Incidence of abnormal EEGsThe preliminary EEG was abnormal for the above infants, with the background EEG appearing as suppressed or sharp and spike wave discharges. There was no significant difference in the results of the two groups and all EEG's were normalized in subsequent examinations. CONCLUSION: The decreased cerebral blood flow in premature infants with PDA increased following closure of the shunt; however, this increase was not significant. In groupes with RDS, the decreased cerebral blood flow significantly increased as the RDS improved, especially in group III. Nonetheless, despite the observed changes in CBF, we were unable to detect a corresponding change in the EEGs of the newborns in this study.
Adult ; Animals ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Birth Weight ; Carotid Arteries ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Electroencephalography* ; Gestational Age ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Ligation ; Parturition

Several different tumors in different tissues(including the central nervous system, heart, kidney, liver, bone, and soft tissues) are found to be associated with tuberous sclerosis. In the brain, this tumor characteristically arises from the floor of the lateral ventricle and often occluded the foramen of Monro. Cardiac tumor is among the earliest signs of tuberous sclerosis and occurs in over half of affected patients, but symptomatic primary heart tumors are rare in newborn. Thus, early detections are rare in asymptomatic cases. We experienced a case of tuberous sclerosis, in a 2-day-old female newborn who presented with dilatation of lateral ventricle detected by fetal ultrasonography. Diagnosis was confirmed by brain MRI and echocardiogram demonstrated multiple cardiac tumor. Brief review and related literatures were also presented.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Lateral Ventricles ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tuberous Sclerosis* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

We investigated whether there is differences in serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) between patients with colon and rectal cancer. Preoperative serum levels of CEA was determined in 65 patients with colon cancer and in 88 patients with rectal cancer. Cut-off value recommended by manufacturers is 5 ng/ml for CEA. At the recommended cut-off levels for CEA, overall sensitivity of CEA was 43.1 percent for colon and 42.0 percent for rectal cancer. In colon cancer CEA was elevated in 38.4, 46.2, 60 percent of patients with Dukes Stages B, C, and D, respectively. In rectal cancer CEA was elevated in 12.5, 31.6, 44.8, 84.6 percent of patients with Dukes Stages A, B, C, and D, respectively. In Stages B, and C, sensitivity of CEA was higher in colon than in rectal cancer, but the difference was not significant. In Stages D, sensitivity of CEA was higher in rectal cancer than in colon cancer, but the difference was not significant. In overall stages sensitivity of CEA was higher in colon than in rectal cancer, but the difference was not significant. The difference was not significant either in overall or in different stages of colon and rectal cancer.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Rectal Neoplasms*

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign, soft tissue neoplasm affecting the synovium of joints, classified as localized and diffused type. Localized type is more common, arising from synovium of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. Diffused type is relatively rare, frequently arising from an extra-articular lesion, and sometimes from an intramuscular or subcutaneous lesion. Although the cause of occurrence is not yet clear, recently it has been known as a benign neoplasm rather than an inflammatory or reactive process. We performed a total excision of the PVNS in a pretibial lesion and achieved a good result. We report on the case with a review of the literature.
Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Joints ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; Tendons ; Tenosynovitis* ; Tibia