This study was undertaken to obtain baseline data on electrolyte composition of bone marrow blood and compare it with those of simultaneously obtained peripheral blood in order to assess the clinical usefulness of bone marrow blood as an indicator of the early changes of bone mineral metabolism. The mineral salts deposited in the skeleton are not in chemical equilibrium with the circulating blood (Ramp and Neuman), and while the local concentration in bone lesions might thus be high, after dilution into the entire circulating volume, the total amount of enzyme might be too small to cause changes in the peripheral blood readings. And even when no tissue is obtained, the bone blood from the lesion may provide useful information(Woodard and Marcove). In the animal experimental group, electrolyte composition of femoral bone marrow blood was compared with a simultaneously obtained peripheral blood from the abdominal aorta of six week old Long Evans male rats with normal and calcium deficient diets. In the human group, 10 ml of bone marrow blood was obtained from the iliac donor site at the time of bone grafting for spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis and lumbar disc herniation and 10 ml of peripheral blood. was obtained from the cephalic vein immediately before the bone grafting. Electrolyte and enzyme composition of bone marrow blood from bone tumor sites was compared with peripheral blood and also with that obtained from the bone grafting(control) group. The results obtained are as follows.; 1. The concentration of total and ionized calcium in the bone marrow blood was significantly lower and inorganic phosphorus was significantly higher than values obtained from the peripheral blood of rats fed with normal and calcium deficient diets. 2. Similar differences were demonstrated in the human bone marrow blood and peripheral blood obtained from the bone grafting group. A modertae excess of alkaline phosphatase was found in the bone marrow blood. 3. A large excess of alkaline phosphatase was found in the bone marrow blood obtained from bone tumor.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Transplantation ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Diet ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism ; Miners ; Phosphorus ; Rats ; Reading ; Salts ; Skeleton ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

The mineral salts deposited in the skeleton are not in chemical equilibrium with the circulating blood (Ramp and Neuman), and while the local concentration in bone lesions might thus be high, after dilution into the entire circulating volume, the total amount of enzyme might be too small to cause changes in the peripheral blood readings. And even when no tissue is obtained, the bone blood from the lesion may p ovide useful information (Woodard and Marcove); This study was undertaken to assess the clinical usefulness of bone marrow blood as an indicator of the early findings of bone tumor. Ten ml. of bone marrow blood was obtained from the iliac donor site at the time of bone grafting for spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis and lumbar disc herniation and 10 ml. of peripheral blood was obtained from the cephalic vein immediately before the bone grafting. And electrolyte composition of bone marrow blood was compared with peripheral blood. Electrolyte and enzyme composition of bone marrow blood from bone tumor sites was compared with peripheral blood and also with that obtained from the bone grafting (control) group. The results obtained are as follows.; 1. The concentration of total calcium in the bone marrow blood was significantly lower and inorganic phosphorus was significantly higher than values obtained from the peripheral blood of obtained from the bone grafting group. A moderate excess of alkaline phosphatase was found in the bone marrow blood. 2 A large excess of alkaline phosphatase was found in the bone marrow blood obtained from bone tumor.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Transplantation ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Miners ; Phosphorus ; Reading ; Salts ; Skeleton ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

The fractures which develop from a already structually damaged or weakened bones are called pathologic fracture and it can be caused by many different diseases. The way of treatment and prognosis of these pathologic fractures differ in many ways according to causative factors. So, regarding frature that developes without definite history of trauma, one shoud approach them with concepts of pathologic fracture. In the cases of pathologic fracture caused by metastatic bone tumors, physicians are employing more aggressive methods of treatment these days. Authors have analysed 87 cases of pathologic fracture who were admitted to department of orthopedic surgery, Severance Hospital during the period of 10 years(from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1985). Those cases of osteoporosis were all excluded from the study. The conclusion were as follows : 1. There were no discrepancies regarding sexes but 69% of patients were over forty years of age. 2. Fifty percent of pathologic fracture were fractures of femur. 3. Most common causes were metastatic bone tumors(55%), and 36% of these were with unknown primary lesions. 4. In the cases that were caused by metastatic bone tumor, sugical treatment was performed on 46% of these cases. And most cases of patients who were treated with surgical methods improved in pain and ambulation state, especially in patients with use of bone cement.
Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Osteoporosis ; Prognosis ; Walking

The fracture of femoral neck, the unsolved fracture, is a msjor periphersl fracture of our skeleton, and for more than century its treatment and the results hsve been a matter of controversy and inquiry among surgeons, and although the results obtained today show improvement, they are not at all comparsble to those of other fractures. This study was performed to find the characteristics of femoral neck fractures in Korea and to give the direction of further treatment. Through the review of 30 articles reported on Journal of K.O.A., we suggest the followings are essential for further study. l. Epidemiologic study of femorsl neck fractures based on statistical data needs to be performed. 2. The study should be directed not only the frscture itself but also the prevention of the fracture via the study of osteoporosis. 3. The relationship of severity of fracture, time frorn trauma to treatment, and the result of treatment established by our own data is to be established.
Epidemiologic Studies ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Korea ; Neck ; Osteoporosis ; Skeleton ; Statistics as Topic ; Surgeons

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is basically the same disease as rheumatoid arthritis in the adult. However juvenile rheumatoid arthritis has many features that differ from rheumatoid arthritis in adult, and since the onset of the disease occurs before the age of puberty variable alteration in growth may occur. Still, in his classic description of 22 cases of rheumatoid arthritis in children, emphasized the florid form of the disease with fever, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Since the time of Still many more children with chronic arthriits, which is called Stills disease in England and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the United States, have been described, and it has become apparent that the disease has extremely variable manifestations. Forty cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis treated at the Severance Hospital from June 1970 to June 1976 were analysed clinically and the following results were obtained. 1. On type classification, the polyarticular type (45%) was most frequent followed by the pauciarticular type (35%) and systemic type (20%) in order. 2. The most frequent joint affected was the knee (77.5%) followed by the ankle (55%), wrist (20%),. elbow (17.5%), etc. 3. The extra-articular manifectations on admission were high fever (42%), rash (20%), carditis (17%) hepatosplenomegaly (12%), etc. 4. Laboratory findings on admission showed increased ESR (85%), positive rheumatoid factor (14.3%),. positive ANA (2.5%), etc. 5. Treatment and drugs were aspirin (57.5%), salicylate and steroid (37.5%), physical therapy (25%), synovectomy (2.5%).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Aspirin ; Child ; Classification ; Elbow ; England ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Myocarditis ; Puberty ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Splenomegaly ; United States ; Wrist

This is a report of three cases of congenital dislocation of the knee with the chief complaint of extension contracture knee, seen at the Severance Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery from January 1975 to the present time(April, 1978). In the first case, the dislocated knee was associated with congenital dislocation of the hip and congenital club foot. Family history revealed that the elder brother of the patient had died of complications of premature birth. The second case appeared to be an isolated congenital dislocation of the knee, without associated anomalies or relevent history in the family. In the third case, the dislocated knee was associated with adducted thumbs and genu valgum, as well as congenital dislocation of the hip and congenital club foot, although family history was irrelevant. In all the cases roentgenographic examinations revealed in the lateral view that the tibia was displaced anteriorly in relationship to the femur. Two cases were treated by four or five successive corrective castings, each lasting one week to ten days. It is contemplated that the third case will also be treated by a simillar corrective cast immobilization. Following this course of treatment, each of the two dislocated knees was completely reduced and the original limitation of flexion improved. Experience with these two cases suggests that good results may be obtained with conservative treatment in congenital dislocation of the knee. A brief review of the literature is submitted.
Contracture ; Dislocations ; Femur ; Foot ; Genu Valgum ; Hip ; Hospital Departments ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Premature Birth ; Siblings ; Thumb ; Tibia

The patella is one of the most important components of the knee extension mechanism, and position of patella relates to some diseases of the knee, especially recurrent dislocation of the patella and Osgood-Schlatter s diseases. We checked the patella to patella tendon ratio in normal persons as well as in cases with recurrent dislocation of patella, chondromalacia of patella, degenerative arthritis of the knee and Osgood Schlatter s disease by means of Insall and Salvati method. The following results were obtained: 1) The ratio was 1.048 in normal persons. 2) The ratio was 0. 845 in recurrent dislocations. 3) The ratio was the same as normal in cases of the acute stage of Osgood-Schlatter's disease but chenged to 1. 236 in the late healing stage after 18 years of age. 4) The ratio in chondromalacia of the patella and degenerative arthritis of the knee was not significantly different from the normal.
Cartilage Diseases ; Chondromalacia Patellae ; Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a kind of benigh inflammatory lesion involving synovial membrane, characterized by yellowish or yellow-grayish colored villous nodules of synovial membrane, formed by accumulation of cholesterol and hemosiderin with numerous cleftings of synovial membrane. The lesion was first described by Chassaignac (1852) as the nodular form arising in relation to the flexor tendon sheath of the middle and index fingers. After that Simon (1865) described it as a xanthoma of the synovia, and there after various names were given by many authors, according to the characteristics of the pathologic fetures. In 1941 Jaffe named this lesion pigmented villonodular synovitis, which is now generally accepted. Still the direct cause of this lesion is not clearly known, but chronic stimulation of synovia is generally accepted as an etiologic factor. In this paper we report four cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis, which were diagnosed and treated in our department. One of the four cases occurred at the proximal tibiofibula joint which is a very rare site.
Cholesterol ; Fingers ; Hemosiderin ; Joints ; Synovial Fluid ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; Tendons ; Xanthomatosis

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Osteoporotic Fractures* ; Spine*

PURPOSE: We intended to check the growth rates and phenotypic markers of chondrocytes in the dedifferentiated cells cultivated in various conditions in order to establish the ideal culture system for implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Culturing rabbit chondrocytes from proximal tibia, we checked the phenotypes at first, second, and third week. Then we cultured the chondrocytes in different circumstances such as monolayer or three dimensional gel in the presence or abscence of TGF-B1, and checked the growth rates and phenotypic markers. RESULTS: There was no difference in growth rates and mRNA level of type I, type II collagen and aggrecan between the cells cultured in monolayer and three dimensional gel of collagen. However, the responses of the cells to TGF-B1, were quite different between these two groups. In monolayer culture, the expression of type I collagen was depressed by TGF-B1 while the growth rate was markedly increased. Oppositely in three dimensional culture, the mRNA level of type I collagen was markedly increased and the growth rate was completely suppressed by TGF-B1. The expression of type II collagen could be detected only in TGF-B1-treated cells cultured in three dimensional gel for 4 or more days. The mRNA level of aggrecan was also increased by TGF-B1, in the cells cultured in three dimensional gel. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the number of chondrocytes can be efficiently expanded by culturing the cells in monolayer and the phenotypes of chondrocyte can be restored by culturing the cells in three dimensional gel containing TGF-B1. The application of semi-solid gel containing differentiated chondrocytes in physeal implantation should be further evaluated
Aggrecans ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type II ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger ; Tibia ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1*