BACKGROUND: Ketamine use in emergency room has been increased. It has rapid onset of action and appropriate duration of action. It does not need endotracheal intubation and produces potent analgesia, sedation, and amnesia. The object of this study is to determine the safety and the degree of physician's satisfaction in relation to ketamine use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study using protocol. Pediatric trauma patients who need sedation were given IM ketamine(4mg/kg) and atropine(0.01mg/kg) in a same syringe. Monitoring of patients was done by EM residents and complications of ketamine use were recorded. Physician's satisfaction was also recorded after the procedure. RESULTS: Intramuscular ketamine was administered 54 times, mainly for laceration repair. Physicians completed protocol for 51 of treated children. The median time for onset of sedation was 6.5+/-2.4 min, and duration of action was 32.4+/-10.8 min. Hypersalivation occurred in 9.8%(n=5); random movement 3.9%(n=2), emesis during procedure(n=1), emesis at home(n=1), and transient oxygen desaturation(n=1). All were quickly identified and treated without specific airway management and sequelae. Of 84% of physicians was satisfied with ketamine use for pediatric sedation. CONCLUSION: Intramuscular ketamine can be administered safely and satisfactorily in emergency room to facilitate pediatric procedures in conjunction with a defined protocol and appropriate monitoring.
Airway Management ; Amnesia ; Analgesia ; Child ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine* ; Lacerations ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Sialorrhea ; Syringes ; Vomiting

Radiometals, with their favorable decay properties and rich coordination chemistry, have found widespread applications inboth diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. To ensure effective utilization, radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals are designed to target specific organs or cells. Radiometals are primarily produced in cyclotrons or reactors using stable isotopes as raw materials. Many countries, including Korea, are pursuing self-sufficiency in radiometal production at thegovernment level. This review examines the current production and supply status of raw materials for key radiometalsthat are either actively used or expected to see a significant demand growth in the future in Korea.

Radiometals, with their favorable decay properties and rich coordination chemistry, have found widespread applications inboth diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. To ensure effective utilization, radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals are designed to target specific organs or cells. Radiometals are primarily produced in cyclotrons or reactors using stable isotopes as raw materials. Many countries, including Korea, are pursuing self-sufficiency in radiometal production at thegovernment level. This review examines the current production and supply status of raw materials for key radiometalsthat are either actively used or expected to see a significant demand growth in the future in Korea.

Radiometals, with their favorable decay properties and rich coordination chemistry, have found widespread applications inboth diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. To ensure effective utilization, radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals are designed to target specific organs or cells. Radiometals are primarily produced in cyclotrons or reactors using stable isotopes as raw materials. Many countries, including Korea, are pursuing self-sufficiency in radiometal production at thegovernment level. This review examines the current production and supply status of raw materials for key radiometalsthat are either actively used or expected to see a significant demand growth in the future in Korea.

Radiometals, with their favorable decay properties and rich coordination chemistry, have found widespread applications inboth diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. To ensure effective utilization, radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals are designed to target specific organs or cells. Radiometals are primarily produced in cyclotrons or reactors using stable isotopes as raw materials. Many countries, including Korea, are pursuing self-sufficiency in radiometal production at thegovernment level. This review examines the current production and supply status of raw materials for key radiometalsthat are either actively used or expected to see a significant demand growth in the future in Korea.

Radiometals, with their favorable decay properties and rich coordination chemistry, have found widespread applications inboth diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. To ensure effective utilization, radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals are designed to target specific organs or cells. Radiometals are primarily produced in cyclotrons or reactors using stable isotopes as raw materials. Many countries, including Korea, are pursuing self-sufficiency in radiometal production at thegovernment level. This review examines the current production and supply status of raw materials for key radiometalsthat are either actively used or expected to see a significant demand growth in the future in Korea.

We report a case of infantile digital fibromatosis in a 34 month-old boy, who presented with a painless subcutaneous tumor on the medial aspect of the left third toe. A histological examination showed scattered small, round eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, which was consistent with infantile digital fibromatosis. A'immunohistochemical study revealed that desmin, a-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin were clearly positive in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, but the inclusions themselves showed negative staining, thus indicating a hollow-like staining pattern. Electron microscopy showed either well-defined or ill-demarcated dense bodies in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. In some areas, small vesicles and intracellular organells were observed' in the inclusions. In the course of conservative treatment, a new lesion developed on the lateral aspect of the left third toe, seven months after the appearance of the initial lesion.
Actins ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Eosinophils ; Fibroma* ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Negative Staining ; Toes ; Vimentin

A case of a 21-year old female with Maffucci's syndrome is presented where the patient developed multiple cutaneous spindle-cell hemangioendotheliomas. She had multiple pea to walnut sized, non-tender, normal skin colored or slight bluish nodules and bony mass-like lesions on the left upper extremity and hand. A histological examination of the lesions showed that they were composed of irregularly dilated, thin walled cavernous blood spaces containing phleboliths and collapsed vascular spaces separated by spindled fibroblastic cells. Radiologically, the bony lesions showed radiolucent densities with calcified spots within the second proximal phalanx and metacarpal bone of the left hand, which were consistent with enchondromas.
Chondroma ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Hand ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Humans ; Juglans ; Peas ; Skin Pigmentation ; Upper Extremity

Pretibial myxedema, which consists of localized cutaneous accumulations of acid mucopolysaccharides, oceurs in a few patients with hyperthyroidi';m after its correction by surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. We report a case of pretibial myxedema with exophthalmos in a 36 year old male. He has suffered from hyperthyroidism with bilateral pretibial myxedema for a period of 4 years. He was treated with a subtotal thyroidectomy and excision of both pletibia lesions 1 year ago. The lesions recurred on t,he left pretibial area, as a 11 X 16cm sized, non pitting, non tender, swollen, brownish plaque. The histopathologic findings showed epidermal hyperkeratosis and a considerable arnount of mucin in the mid-dermis. We treat.ed him with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide with marked improvement.
Adult ; Exophthalmos ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Injections, Intralesional ; Iodine ; Male ; Mucins ; Myxedema* ; Thyroidectomy ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

BACKGROUND: The regular use of soaps and synthetic detergents has been associated with skin dryness and aggravation of dermatological conditions. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the irritancy of 10 hand dishwashing liquids on normal skin. METHODS: The skin changes, responding to repeat patch testing with 10 hand dishwashing liquids, were measured by visual scoring. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows; 1. Of the 16 healthy volunteers 8 had reactions. 5 women and 3 men, but there was no significant difference in irritancy between men and women. 2. The mean irritancy scores of the 10 hand dishwashing liquids ranged from 0.06 to 0.88. 3. A prominent increase in the degree of erythema in the first 24 hour patch test did not persist beyond exposure day 5, but after day 5, augmented responses of the erythema and scales, even fissuring occurred. 4. The pH of the test solutions of the hand dishwashing liquids ranged from 5.0 to 6.0, but there appeared to be no correlation between pH and irritancy in the dishwashing liquids tested. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that regular exposure to hand dishwashing liquids may cause disturbances of the skin in a substantial proportion of individuals, and workers should use hand dishwashing liquids in lower concentrations than recommended and only for short periods with protective measures.
Detergents ; Erythema ; Female ; Hand* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Patch Tests ; Skin* ; Soaps ; Weights and Measures