No abstract available.
Angiocardiography* ; Contrast Media* ; Electrolytes* ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Plasma* ; Renin*

Primary tumors of the heart are rare, three quarter of the tumors are benign, and nearly half of the benign heart tumors are myxomas. Cardiac myxoma usually originate in the left atrium about 75 percent, however, only 3 to 4 percent of myxoma are detected in the left ventricle. We report on a 32 years old woman with left ventricular myxoma who presented with shortness of breath, chest tightness, and general weakness. Acute pulmonary embolism and left ventricular myxoma were found on a perfusion lung scan and echocadiogram. A mass located on septal wall of left ventricle was excised en bloc. The patient recovered uneventfully and careful follow up has be performed periodically.
Adult ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Neoplasms ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Lung ; Myxoma* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Thorax

No abstract available.

The authors describe a technique consisting of subfascial temporalis dissection and performing a pedicled bone flap in pterional craniotomy. This technique provides reliable preservation of the frontalis nerve, does not necessitate the reconstruction of the temporalis muscle at the end of the surgery, and does not compromise the operative exposure.
Craniotomy

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Hydronephrosis*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the incidence of lumbosacral bony deformities including occult spina bifida in patients with noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) compared to that in control group, and the significance of plain radiography in assessment of CPPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1995 and May 1999, 71 men presented for pelviperineal pain and lower urinary tract symptoms eventually led to the diagnosis of noninflammatory CPPS. The mean duration of pain was 21.4 months. The control group consisted with 123 symptom free heathy adults. The plain radiography was performed in both groups, and bony deformities of lumbosacral area were evaluated by one urologist. RESULTS: The principal pain regions in patients were perineum (45.1%) and scrotum and/or testis (36.6%). The number of patients who complained of obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms were 37 (52.1%) and 29 (40.8%) cases respectively. The incidence of deformities of lumbosacral area in patients (21.1%) was significantly greater than that of control group (9.7%) (P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Higher incidence of lumbosacral bony deformities was found in patients with noninflammatory CPPS than in normal control group. It is suggested that neurophysiologic and radiologic studies will be needed to determine whether deformities of lumbosacral area account for chronic pelvic pain and voiding symptoms in noninflammatory CPPS.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Pelvic Pain* ; Perineum ; Prostatitis ; Radiography ; Scrotum ; Spina Bifida Occulta ; Testis

The author has performed an experimental study in order to investigate the effect of nimodipine on the production of CSF in 12 cats. The cats were divided into 2 groups, one for nimodipine intravenous infusion and the other for its vehicle infusion group. Using ventriculo-cisternal perfusion method, nimodipine and its vehicle were examined for their effects on CSF formation rate respectively. Baseline CSF formation rate was 22.5+/-2.9 microliter/min(S.E.) and it gradually reduced to 17.0+/-3.4 microliter/min(S.E.) after final infusion of nimodipine at 60 microgram/kg/min. Vehicle infusion revealed no significant change in CSF formation rate. Although the nimodipine insuion revealed declining tendency in CSF formation rate along with increment of nimodipine concentration, it was not statistically different from that of vehicle infusion group. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced after nimodipine infusion(133+/-31.8mmHg at baseline, 93.9+/-19.1mmHg at the end of the experiment) on oneway ANOVA test and it was significantly different from that in vehicle infusion group(p<0.01).
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cats ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Nimodipine* ; Perfusion

The author has examined the effect of cortical spreading depression(CSD) on the changes in extracellular concetration of aspartate and glutamate in the neocortex of anesthetized rats using microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The rats were prepared by halothane anesthesia and artificial ventilation. Rats were placed in a stereotaxic frame, and craniotomies were performed over the frontal and parietal cortexes on one side. The CSD was elicited by local application of KCI-soaked small pellets to the frontal cortex. The CSD was monitored by the changes of direct current(DC) potential in the parietal cortex. The microdialysis probe was implanted in the anterior part of the parietal cortex. Amino acids were analyzed by HPLC and fluorescence detection. Baseline concentration of the aspartate was 34.9+/-15.9nM and that of glutamate was 189.8+/-29.1nM(mean standard deviation). The perfusate for analysis was obtained 30 minutes after the beginning of the 300mM KCl induced CSD. Aspartate was found to increase to 146+/-55% baseline, glutamate up to 173+/-30% baseline(mean standard deviation). The increment of glutamate was statistically significant(p<0.05). Then 2M KCI-doaked pellets were applied for more frequent CSD amd the samples were collected. Aspartate increased up to 258+/-97% baseline, glutamate up to 174+/-57% baseline(mean standard deviation), The increment of glutamate and aspartate accompanying 2M KCI induced CSD were also statistically significant(p<0.05). These data suggest that the excitatory amino acids were released during the CSD and this may explain the various aspects of CSD that could contribute to the secondary neuronal damage in the compromised nerve cell.
Amino Acids ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid* ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cortical Spreading Depression* ; Craniotomy ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; Fluorescence ; Glutamic Acid* ; Halothane ; Microdialysis ; Neocortex ; Neurons ; Rabeprazole ; Rats* ; Ventilation

Tissue engineering and stem cell transplantation are two important options that may help overcome limitations in the current treatment strategy for bladder dysfunction. Stem cell therapy holds great promise for treating pathophysiology, as well as for urological tissue engineering and regeneration. To date, stem cell therapy in urology has mainly focused on oncology and erectile dysfunction. The therapeutic potency of stem cells (SCs) was originally thought to derive from their ability to differentiate into various cell types including smooth muscle. The main mechanisms of SCs in reconstituting or restoring bladder function are migration, differentiation, and paracrine effects. Nowadays, paracrine effects of stem cells are thought to be more prominent because of their stimulating effects on stem cells and adjacent cells. Studies of stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction have been limited to experimental models and have been less focused on tissue engineering for bladder regeneration. Bladder outlet obstruction is a representative model. Adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), and skeletal muscle-derived stem cells or muscle precursor cells are used for transplantation to treat bladder dysfunction. The aim of this study is to review stem cell therapy and updated tissue regeneration as treatments for bladder dysfunction and to provide the current status of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering for bladder dysfunction including its mechanisms and limitations.
Bone Marrow ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Muscle, Smooth ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Engineering* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urology

PURPOSE: Urologists occasionally experience some cases of voiding failure after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Preoperative and postoperative factors attributable to acute urine retention (AUR) after catheter removal in post-TURP patients were evaluated and analyzed to determine the causative factors for AUR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2004 to May 2008, a total of 172 patients who underwent TURP due to symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were divided into the AUR group (n=21) and the control group (n=151). The AUR group was defined as patients with voiding difficulty within 24 hours and whose residual urine volume was above 400 ml after catheter removal. The control group was defined as patients without AUR. Age, duration of symptoms, International prostate symptom score (IPSS), Quality of life score (QoL), uroflowmetry, post-void residual urine volume, preoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, preoperative prostate volume, resected prostate volume, rate of prostate resection [resected prostate volume/preoperative prostate volume x 100], operative time and duration of catheter were retrospectively analyzed to identify which of these were the factors related with AUR after catheter removal in post-TURP patients. RESULTS: Preoperative prostate volume was higher (90.7+/-50.4 vs 64.4+/-32.7, p=0.002) and rate of prostate resection was lower (38.8+/-8.1 vs 50.5+/-12.4, p<0.001) in AUR group compared to control group. And age, duration of symptoms, IPSS, QoL, uroflowmetry, post-void residual urine volume, preoperative serum PSA level, resected prostate volume, operative time and duration of catheter were not statistically significant in both groups. The multivariate analysis subsequently showed that preoperative prostate volume (p=0.010, OR=1.040) and rate of prostate resection (p=0.001, OR=0.901) were independent factors related with AUR after catheter removal in post-TURP patients. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AUR after catheter removal was higher in post-TURP patients with high preoperative prostate volume and low rate of prostate resection. Therefore the surgeon's effort to increase the rate of prostate resection, especially in patients with large prostate volume, may lower the incidence of postoperative AUR.
Catheters ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Multivariate Analysis ; Operative Time ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Retention (Psychology) ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Retention