Objective To analyze the application of color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of diabetic carotid sclerosis and to study the relation between diabetes and carotid sclerosis. Methods Color Doppler ultrasound findings in 68 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients ( as an observation group) and in 73 healthy individuals ( as a control group) were compared and analyzed from Feb. 2007 to Feb. 2009. Results The tunica intima and media of carotid were significantly thicker in observation group than in control group ( P

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the limitation of the current TRIPS due to local protection and to seek for a balance between drug patent protection and public health.METHODS: The related clauses in TRIPS in terms of protection on drug patent and public health were introduced,and Nordhaus' model was used to analyze the conflict between drug patent protection and public health.RESULTS: The area with minimum level of drug patent protection can't be enlarged infinitely geographically.CONCLUSIONS: Preferential policies should be given to the developing countries to secure the public health while strengthening the drug patent protection gradually.

Rhinovirus

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics

Adult ; Aged ; Benzidines ; toxicity ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; epidemiology

Accidents, Occupational ; Acrylamide ; poisoning ; Adolescent ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are world-wide threats to human health in recent years. Achievements in pharmacogenomics and individualized treatment have become a bright spot in the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pharmacogenomic researches focus on the relationship between the drug effects and genetic polymorphism, which provide theoretical basis for individualized treatment. This review gives an overview of the developments of the pharmacogenomics of the most commonly therapeutic agents in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as anticoagulants, antihypertensive agents, platelet aggregation inhibitors and cholesterol lowering drugs.

Objective: To investigate the related factors of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in order to provide references for prevention and treatment. Methods: The clinical data of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in 3672 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage group (n = 239) and first attack of intracerebral hemorrhage group (n = 3433). The univariate analysis was performed first, and the risk factors with significant statistical difference were screened, and then a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Results: Circled digit one The incidence of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in 3672 patients was 6.51% (239/3672) and the mortality of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage was 19.25% (46/239). Circled digit twoThe univariate analysis showed that recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage was associated with hypertension, taking anti-platelet aggregation agents, diabetes mellitus, long history of smoking, and alcoholism. The proportions of patients with history of diabetes mellitus, long history of smoking, oral take of anticoagulants, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than those in the first attack of intracerebral hemorrhage group. Among the sites of bleeding, the basal ganglia region was higher, and the age of patients were older (all P < 0.01). Circled digit threeA multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean diastolic blood pressure (OR = 8.7893, 95% CI: 5.0162-18.9358), use of anticoagulants (OR = 3.7273,95% CI: 1 8245-5.7806), long history of smoking (OR = 3.1654, 95% CI: 1.6124-5.4528), high systolic blood pressure (OR = 2.9463, 95% CI: 1.4596 -4.9753), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.4689, 95%, CI: 1.1807-4.7650) were the independent risk factors for patients with recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: Recurrent cerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral hemorrhage is correlated with the higher diastolic blood pressure, use of anticoagulants, long history of smoking, higher systolic blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus.

Objective To understand the clinical features of children with acute pancreatitis.Method Clinical data of 106 in patients in Children′s Hospital with acute pancreatitis from Jul.1991 to Jan.2005 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The most frequent(etiologic) factors of childhood acute pancreatitis were idiopathic(35.8%),mumps virus infection(33.9%)and biliary tract diseases(15%).Abdominal pain(96.2%),vomiting(72.6%)and fever(45.3%) were the most common clinical symptoms.And the most common signs were abdominal tenderness(73.6%),abdominal wall rigidity(17.9%)and abdominal distention(10.6%).Multisystem damage usually occurred in childhood acute pancreatitis.Serum amylase,urinary amylase and serum lipase elevated 84.8%,58.5% and 55%in patients,respectively.Fifty-one percont patients had abnormal ultrasound imaging and 81% had abnormal computed tomographic imaging.In 5 patients who were subjected to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP),the pancreaticobiliary system was visualized clearly.Nonsurgical therapy was done in most patients,only 6 cases received surgical therapy.Sixty-five cases were cured and 40 cases straightened up,only 1 case died.The efficiency rate was 99%.Pseudocysts occurred in 2 patients.Conclusions Idiopathic pancreatitis and mumps virus infection are the most frequent etiologic factors for childhood acute pancreatitis.Symptoms and signs such as abdominal pain and abdominal tenderness are the important diagnostic bases of childhood acute pancreatitis.Childhood acute pancreatitis was always accompanied by multisystem damage.Pancreatic enzyme test and radiography test were helpful in the diagnosis of childhood acute pancreatitis.Nonsurgical therapy is the leading therapeutic means of childhood acute pancreatitis.Timely diagnosis and allopathy help to improve the prognosis of childhood acute pancreatitis.Pseudocyst is the primary complication of childhood acute pancreatitis.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) ithe leading cause of vision disordecaused by variouretinal diseases.Apresent,many therapeutimethodare employed clinically,such aphotodynamitherapy (PDT),anti-vasculaendothelial growth facto(anti-VEGF) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).However,none of them can cure CNV thoroughly and repeated treatmenirequired usually.The reason forecurrenCNV istill unclear.Choroidal hypoperfusion associated with Pdmay be one of the reasons.The purpose of thireview ito discusthe problem of choroidal hypoperfusion associated with PDfoCNV awell aitimpacon the eye and possible solutions.Thipapepresentevidenceof choroidal hypoperfusion aftePDand itrelationship with clinical outcomes.Meanwhile,the effecof combination therapy iassessed.Finally,low-fluence Pdirecommended apotential method to reduce choroidal hypoperfusion.