High septal deformities exert pressure on upper lateral cartilages and nasal bones and cause external deviation of the nose. However, detection of high septal deformities causing deviated noses is very difficult if a detailed intranasal examination is not performed. As well, the high septal border is a difficult area to approach via the endonasal rhinoplasty and is the weakest portion in the septum resulting in much difficulty in correcting deformities and in frequent later recurrence of deviation secondary to the healing process. In order to solve the above problems in 33 cases of deviated nose associated with high septal deformities, the authors evaluated deformities in the high septal border after separation of the septum from upper lateral cartilages and nasal bones. The high septal border is centralized by scoring after resection of the mid or lower-septal portion. And spreader grafts were applied to the convex sides of deviated septal borders to stabilize the high septal border and to prevent long-term recurrence of deviation. Also, to balance the traction force of side walls, the length of both upper lateral cartilages and nasal bones were equalized by resection in the longer side and grafting in the shorter side. Clinical follow-up ranged from 3 to 31 months. There was no surgical or septal complication. Also, there was no incomplete correction, recurrence of deviation, or compromized nasal support. All patients except 2 were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional results. We found that separation of septum from side walls allows detection and correction of higher septal deformities and that spreader graft allows long-term support and prevents later recurrence of deviation.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; Nose* ; Recurrence ; Rhinoplasty ; Traction ; Transplants*

This is a report of three cases of congenital dislocation of the knee with the chief complaint of extension contracture knee, seen at the Severance Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery from January 1975 to the present time(April, 1978). In the first case, the dislocated knee was associated with congenital dislocation of the hip and congenital club foot. Family history revealed that the elder brother of the patient had died of complications of premature birth. The second case appeared to be an isolated congenital dislocation of the knee, without associated anomalies or relevent history in the family. In the third case, the dislocated knee was associated with adducted thumbs and genu valgum, as well as congenital dislocation of the hip and congenital club foot, although family history was irrelevant. In all the cases roentgenographic examinations revealed in the lateral view that the tibia was displaced anteriorly in relationship to the femur. Two cases were treated by four or five successive corrective castings, each lasting one week to ten days. It is contemplated that the third case will also be treated by a simillar corrective cast immobilization. Following this course of treatment, each of the two dislocated knees was completely reduced and the original limitation of flexion improved. Experience with these two cases suggests that good results may be obtained with conservative treatment in congenital dislocation of the knee. A brief review of the literature is submitted.
Contracture ; Dislocations ; Femur ; Foot ; Genu Valgum ; Hip ; Hospital Departments ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Premature Birth ; Siblings ; Thumb ; Tibia

Angiogenesis is an essential process in tumor growth and metastasis. VEGF has been considered a leading candidate inducing tumor angiogenesis. VEGF expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage, lymph node matastasis, and prognosis of cancers of various parts of body. However, little has been known about the correlation between VEGF expression and clinicopathologic parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to correlate VEGF expression with the clinicopathological parameters and microvessel density. Forty six oral squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed using immunohistochemical method with primary antibodies to VEGF and CD31. VEGF expression was detected in 33 (71.7%) of the 46 cases. The microvessel density was significantly correlated with VEGF expression (P=0.002). There was no correlation between microvessel density and tumour size, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis, respectively. VEGF expression did not correlate with the histological grade of tumour differentiation, tumour size, and clinical stages. The VEGF-positive rate seemed to be higher in patients with cervical lymph nodal metastasis than in those without it, but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the overexpression of VEGF in the oral squamous cell carcinoma seemed to be associated with a more aggressive course of the disease. Further study is necessary to define the role of VEGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Antibodies ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Microvessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No absract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Although the medical applications of He-Ne lasers remain controversial, the clinical use of these devices for a variety of analgesic and wound healing applications is steadily increasing. Research studies of the effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on biologic function are growing in number and scope. Many investigators have described successful treatment of a wide variety of painful musculoskeletal, rheumatologic, and neurologic conditions with He-Ne lasers. Since we have recently initiated studies examing the effects of He-Ne lasers on wound healing and pain relief, we investigated the effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on the healing of skin defect, abrasion, burn and on the pain relief of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in admitted patients. The total number of patients was 96. The He-Ne laser power was 1 mW, dose was 1 J/cm2 and the wavelength was 632.8 nm. Each patient underwent 2 to 8 trials of irradiation on point around the wound area and painful joint at a frequency of 2 times a week. After every 1 trial up to 8 trials, we evaluated the efficacy of He-Ne laser irradiation by checking the wound size and by questioning the patients about degree of pain. Following the estimation by patients, excellent, good, and fair were accounted as effective, and poor as noneffective. The efficacy of the laser at the end of 2 to 8 trials was noticed on 78.1%, and the degree of pain relief was 73.9%. These results suggested that the irradiation of He-Ne laser is an effective and safe treatment for wound healing and pain relief. In this overview, we are summarizing some of our results which suggest a potential usefulness of He-Ne lasers for stimulation of wound healing and pain relief. Although its clinical use can be anticipated in the future, further research is required to clarify the basic mechanisms and the preferred optical parameters, such as treatment time and intensity, for increased wound healing and pain relief.
Burns ; Humans ; Joints ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

Nowadays, clinical digital photography is very prevalent, though the pitfalls, problems, and standardizing works of its techniques have not yet been discussed well enough in Korea. Digital single lens reflex cameras and macro capacity lenses are still recommended for plastic surgeons for its reproducibility and high quality of developed photographs. Since the selection of digital camera itself is as important as the choice of the film in film cameras, the selected digital equipments should not be exchanged in a center or a clinic. Eighteen percents gray card(Eastman Kodak) could be used for the strict setting of the white balance as the white balance is essential in digital imaging. Studio flash lighting is good enough in clinical digital photographing settings and, soft, even lighting effect should be achieved using flash accessories (e. g. bouncer) minimizing loss of details. Taken images could be optimized through the software working (image processing) after the monitor color balancing work. They must be always developed or printed under the uniform setup status of the whole equipments to get accurate, constant pictures.
Korea ; Photography* ; Reflex ; Surgery, Plastic*

Digital imaging is emerging as a standard method for patient documentation in clinical setting. Managing patient expectations before aesthetic surgery can greatly improve patient satisfaction after surgery. The patient who visited for plastic surgery wants a predicted figure after the operation. A virtual plastic surgery software is necessary in order to satisfy the desire of patients. Adobe Photoshop(R) is the professional standard in desktop digital imaging, offers indispensable new features for graphic and web design, photography, and video. Using imaging technology, it takes just minutes to realistically simulate the results of double eyelid operation, liposuction, rhinoplasty or any other aesthetic procedure. The aim of this study is to analyze the significance of the digital image processing and to introduce the virtual plastic surgery using Adobe Photoshop(R).
Eyelids ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Patient Satisfaction ; Photography ; Rhinoplasty ; Surgery, Plastic*

Numerous modalities have been used to treat facial scars. Although excellent results can be obtained by high-energy, pulsed carbon dioxide(CO2) laser, significant morbidity exists due to the considerable thermal damage to the skin. CO3 Laser combines the performance of a CO2 system with the safety and convenience of an Er:YAG laser. The CO3 effect is due to a wide range of pulse durations, up to 20 times longer than those delivered by conventional Er:YAG lasers. The result is a thermally tunable laser, with a zone of thermal effect up to 100micrometer in depth. With the CO3 laser, the user chooses the correct depth of thermal effect for maximum safety and efficacy. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the long-pulsed Er:YAG CO3 laserbrasion in treatment of scars and propose that it can be a effective method to improve cosmetic results. The authors treated 47 cases (8 males and 39 females) including acne scar(n=8), annular atrophic scar(n=9), posttraumatic scar(n=19), postsurgical scar (n=11) with CO3 laser. Questionaire were completed for clinical assessment by the patients and clinicians. Excellent and good results were achieved in 87.3% of scars in clinician's assessments and in 78.8% of scars in patient's assessments. In conclusion, resurfacing with a long-pulsed Er:YAG laser is a safe and very effective treatment modality for facial scars.
Acne Vulgaris ; Carbon ; Cicatrix* ; Humans ; Male ; Skin

Facial rhytides are a common problem that often presents for treatment. Laser facial skin resurfacing has become a method of treatment for photoaging and pigmentary conditions. Although excellent results can be obtained by high-energy, pulsed carbon dioxide(CO2) laser, significantly morbidity exists due to the considerable thermal damage to the skin. Long-pulsed Er:YAG laser (CO3 laser, Cynosure) combines the performance of a CO2 system with the safety and convenience of an Er:YAG. Yet the CO3 laser is more than the combination of two complementary resurfacing lasers. It brings thermal management to skin resurfacing. The CO3 effect is due to a wide range of pulse durations, up to 20 times longer than those delivered by conventional Er:YAG lasers. With the CO3 laser, the user chooses the correct depth of thermal effect for maximum safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the CO3 laser in the treatment of facial wrinkles. Forty-three patients, aged between 35 and 70 years, with facial wrinkles, were evaluated. Wrinkle improvement was evaluated by the patient's satisfaction, clinical improvement, and photographic analysis before and after the resurfacing procedure. The long-pulsed Er: YAG laser for facial wrinkles is a safe and effective mode for laser skin resurfacing.
Carbon ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Skin

In our previous study, we observed that hydrosalpingeal fluid (HSF) adversely effect mouswe embryo development and hatching. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSF as assessed by the blastocyst development rate (BDR) and by cell counting in vitro HSF was collected from nine patients undergoing salpingoneostomy to correct hydrosalpinx. Two-cell embryos were obtained from superovulated ICR mice. T6 medium and T6+/-0.4% bovine serum albumin were used as control media. T6 medium containing 10% or 50% HSF and 100% HSF from each patient were used as test media. Nine to 15 embryos were cultured in microdrops prepared from each of these media. To assess the total cell number within each blastocyst, the blastocysts were fixed and stained with Hoechst 33342 to facilitate cell counting. The mean BDR in two control media were 88.89% and 85.40%. The mean BDR in media containing 10%, 50%, 100% HSF were 85.87%, 89.58% and 75.57%, respectively (*: p<0.05). The overall mean cell count (+/-SEM) in control media were 87.6+/-9.65 and 90.12+/-11.38. The BDR was affected adversely only by 100% HSF and not in media containing 10% or 50% HSF. Mean cell counts were decreased significantly only in blastocysts cultured 100% HSF (63.8+/-13.66; p<0.01) but not in blastocysts cultured in 10% or 50% HSF (91.3+/-12.44 and 82.9+/-18.27, respectively). Thus, it is concluded that HSF has no embyotoxic effect but has a mildly negatively effect on embryonic growth and development.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin, Bovine