No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

PURPOSE: In order to compare stone metabolic risk factors in recurrent stone formers, we researched lithogenic factors according to sex and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed stone metabolic studies on recurrent stone formers (77 men, 33 women) and grouped them according to age; under 40 (n=38), from 40 to 59 (n=56) and over 60 (n=16). We evaluated excretion rate differences of lithogenic and inhibitory constituents such as volume, sodium, uric acid, calcium, oxalate, and citrate from 24-hour urine samples, and calcium, sodium, uric acid, phosphate, potassium, and chloride from serum samples. We analyzed the incidence of stone metabolic risk factors between the age groups and the sexes. RESULTS: The most common detectable risk factor in all groups of recurrent stone formers was hypocitraturia. This finding was more remarkable in males aged under 60. The incidence of hypocitraturia was higher in males and in the younger group, whereas hypercalciuria was more frequent in the elder group. CONCLUSIONS: The most important cause of urolithiasis was hypocitraturia in recurrent stone formers, and this was apparent in males aged under 60.
Calcium ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Incidence ; Male ; Potassium ; Risk Factors* ; Sodium ; Uric Acid ; Urolithiasis

Recurrent episode of meningitis in infants and children frequently constitute a frustrating and distressing, both in determination of course and treatment. The authors are reporting a infected case of congenital dermal sinus with dermoid cyst in the subarachnoid space of cauda equina and conus medullaris which was cured after complete removal of cyst and sinus tract.
Cauda Equina ; Child ; Conus Snail ; Dermoid Cyst ; Humans ; Infant ; Meningitis ; Spina Bifida Occulta* ; Subarachnoid Space

No abstract available.
Suction* ; Tonsillectomy*

The prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor and strategies for treatment depend on the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality in esophageal cancer and known as the only treatment for cure. Preoperatively it is most important to assess whether the primary tumor is completely resectable or not. Previous staging modality such as CT can not clearly define the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer which is the most important factor in assessing the possibility of curative resection. Endoscopic ultrasonography is now considered as an useful method in evaluating staging and resectability of esophageal cancer. We compared the findings of endoscopic ultrasonography with pathology result to evaluate the accuracy of this new technique in staging of esophageal cancer in 4 esophageal cancer patients who received surgery among the 23 patients assessed by endoscopic ultrasonography due to esophageal cancer, The depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and staging was correct in 3 among 4 patients. We consider endoscopic ultrasonography is an useful technique in staging of esophageal cancer.
Diagnosis ; Endosonography* ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitric oxide has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin ototoxicity. L-NAME (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) is an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. MK-801 (Dizocilpine Maleate) is a NMDA receptor antagonist. To evaluate a role of nitric oxide in cisplatin ototoxicity, we investigated whether L-NAME and MK-801 can block the cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In the Group 1, normal saline was injected intraperitoneally as a control group. Group 2, 3, 4, and 5 were injected intraperitoneally as described in the following: Group 2, cisplatin only; Group 3, L-NAME+isplatin; Group 4, MK-801+cisplatin; Group 5, L-NAME+K-801+cisplatin. Using an auditory brainstem response, hearing threshold was tested before cisplatin administration and 5 days after cisplatin injection in each group. The morphological changes of the cochlea were observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In the Group 2, a significant hearing loss was observed comparing to Group 1. In contrast , Group 3, 4, and 5 did not demonstrate any significant hearing loss compared to Group 1. In the scanning electron microscopy, the Group 2 showed distorsion and loss of stereocilia of the hair cells. However, the Group 1, 3, 4, and 5 demonstrated well preserved cochlear hair cell morphology. CONCLUSION: Hearing loss induced by ototoxicity of cisplatin was prevented by L-NAME and MK-801. This study suggests that NO may mediate cisplatin ototoxicity.
Animals ; Cisplatin* ; Cochlea ; Dizocilpine Maleate* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hair ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; N-Methylaspartate ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Stereocilia

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Natural History* ; Ureter* ; Ureterocele*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the conventional method and the clinical history method for intraocular lens power calculation for cataract surgery in eyes with previous photorefractive keratectomy in the absence of pre-PRK data. METHODS: The medical records of 38 eyes in 23 patients who had been treated with PRK for myopia and were followed up for more than 1 year were reviewed. The IOL powers by conventional method using post-PRK keratometric value and by clinical history method were compared. RESULTS: The mean values of IOL powers by conventional method, and by clinical history method were +20.58 +/- 1.10D (range, +16.37~+22.80D) and +21.06 +/- 0.85D (range, +18.85~+22.8D), respectively. The following equation describes the regular relationship between the two METHODS: IOLCHM (clinical history method)= 0.683*IOLCM (conventional method) +7.005 (r=0.878, p<.01). When the IOL powers by conventional method were applied to this equation, the mean difference of value between the IOL powers calculated from this equation and those of the clinical history method was?0.01 +/- 0.41D (range, -0.99~+0.76D). CONCLUSIONS: This equation will be helpful to calculate the IOL power for cataract surgery in eyes with previous PRK in the absence of pre-PRK data.
Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Photorefractive Keratectomy

No abstract available.
Genioplasty*