No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

Although intramedullary nailing is mostly used in the management of fractures in the long bone shaft, plate fixation is still alternative option in periprosthetic or metaphyseal fractures. For the rigid fixation during plating, sometimes we need wiring. Many surgeons experience slippage of wire resulting in loss of rigid fixation because plate and wire is so slippery and the diameter of bone is changing by level especially in the metaphyseal area. Wiring plate(CHO plate) was designed to prevent slippage. This plate has transverse holes for wires between screw holes on traditionally used dynamic compression plate. Sixteen fractures of long bone shaft were fixed with wiring plate and 11 cases which were followed up for more than one year were evaluated. There were periprosthetic fractures(4 cases), spiral or butterfly fractures(4 cases) and fractures of poor bone quality(two cases of malignancy and one case of osteoporosis). Nine cases were successfully reduced and the healed without loss of fixation. In two cases, delayed union and nonunion were observed due to wire breakage with plate loosening. Preliminarily, wiring plate fixation can be used for the periprosthetic fracture and one of alternative option in butterfly or spiral fracture and fracture in osteoporotic bone or pathologic fracture.
Butterflies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Periprosthetic Fractures

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of preoperative MRCP prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy by analysis of postoperative outcomes. METHODS: Between 2009.12~2010.12, 283 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of benign biliary disease. Among these patients, 125 underwent preoperative MRCP and were classified as the MRCP group. The remaining 158 patients who did not undergo MRCP were classified as the non MRCP group. We compared perioperative data, including the rate of bile duct injury, operative complication, conversion rate, hospital stay, and hospital cost between the two groups. In addition, we analyzed preoperative MRCP findings, including common bile duct (CBD) stones and bile duct anomaly. RESULTS: Findings on pre-operative MRCP scan revealed silent CBD stones in five patients (4.0%) and bile duct anomalies were identified in 17 patients (13.6%). Three cases of bile duct injury occurred in the non MRCP group, whereas, no bile duct injury occurred in the MRCP group. No significant statistical difference in postoperative complication was observed in either group. Mean duration of operation was 50.5 (+/-30.4) minutes in the MRCP group, and 52.2 (+/-29.9) minutes in the non MRCP group (p=0.630). Post operative hospital stay was 2.1 (+/-1.4) days (mean) in the MRCP group, and 2.5 (+/-2.5) days in the non MRCP group. No statistical difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.110). CONCLUSION: MRCP may be useful for evaluation of bile duct anomaly and identification of hidden bile duct stones. However, this modality did not show statistical benefits for postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Common Bile Duct ; Gallbladder ; Hospital Costs ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical outcomes of the autologous platelet rich plasma injection for the treatment of recalcitrant medial and lateral epicondylitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen cases with recalcitrant medial and lateral epicondylitis despite of conservative treatment for 1 year were enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent autologous platelet rich plasma injection and followed up minimally of 40 weeks. The assessment included a preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0~10) at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 weeks and overall satisfaction was evaluated with Roles & Maudsley score at 36 weeks after injection. We also compared the clinical outcomes between medial and lateral epicondylitis group. RESULTS: Mean preoperative VAS was 8.7 points and improved to 5.1, 5.2 and 4.7 at 12, 24 and 36 weeks follow up, respectively. Roles & Maudsley score was excellent in 5 cases(26%), good in 7 cases(37%), acceptable in 4 cases(21%) and poor in 3 cases(16%). On the comparison of medial and lateral epicondylitis group, there was no statistical significant difference (p=0.38). CONCLUSION: The autologous platelet rich plasma injection for recalcitrant medial & lateral epicondylitis is thought to be a alternative treatment option.
Blood Platelets ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Platelet-Rich Plasma

Endovascular repair with covered stents has been widely used to treat subclavian and axillary artery injuries and has produced promising early results. The possibility of a thromboembolism occurring in cerebral arteries during an endovascular procedure should be a cause for concern. In the case of endovascular management of arterial traumas, a prompt and sufficient period for check-up of the patient's neurological signs is needed, even if it requires postponing elective intervention for the patient's safety. We report a rare case of liver transplantation immediately after endovascular repair of an iatrogenic subclavian arterial injury to describe the risk of continuing planned surgery without neurologic assessment.
Axillary Artery ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction ; Endovascular Procedures ; Liver Transplantation ; Stents ; Subclavian Artery* ; Thromboembolism

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of autologous chondrocyte implantation with a concomitant injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven chondral defects (39 cases, 36 patients), which were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation, were analyzed with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The cases were divided into the following five groups: 4 cases of a single chondral defect (group I), 3 cases of multiple chondral defects (group II), 5 cases of osteochondritis dissecans (group III), 9 cases of a single chondral defect with a concomitant injury (group IV), and 18 cases of multiple chondral defects with a concomitant injury (group V). The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective scores and the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) functional evaluation system. Arthroscopic examinations were performed on 12 cases and 21 chondral defects. RESULTS: The mean IKDC subjective score was 39.8 preoperatively, which improved to 64.1 postoperatively, and the IKDC objective score was C in 54% and D in 46%, which improved to A in 74%, B in 23% and C in 3%. The ICRS functional evaluation system was III in 82% of cases, and IV in 18% preoperatively, which improved to I in 15% and II in 85%, postoperatively. At the arthroscopic evaluation, the results of the ICRS system were I in 9%, II in 67%, and III in 24%. There was no significant difference between the single chondral defect and chondral defects with a concomitant injury. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of the multiple chondral defects with a concomitant injury, autologous chondrocyte implantation produced similar excellent clinical results to those of a single chondral defect.
Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee ; Osteochondritis Dissecans

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study was to investigate the characteristics of gentamicin-induced vestibulotoxicity of s otolith organs by assessing the results of earth vertical and the off-vertical axis rotation tests with a morphologic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbits were grouped into two groups, ototoxic and ototoxic prevention group. Vestibulotoxicity was induced by injecting gentamicin (GM) into the peritoneum. Prevention of the vestibulotoxicity was studied by injecting NMDA receptor inhibitors (MK-801), iron chelating agents (deferoxamine) peritonially, and osmotic pumps filled with neurotrophic factors (GDNF, BDNF), respectively. The animal rotation system was designed to rotate the animal sinusoidally or in velocity step (constant velocity) rotation. Off-vertical rotation was applied to evaluate the otolithic function. Scanning electron microscopy were examined for the structural changes of the otolithic organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: GM-induced vestibulotoxicity was confirmed by gain decreasing in the earth vertical SHA rotation test and bias decreasing in the off-vertical rotation test. However, changes in modulation was not definite. Bilateral prevention of GM-induced vestibulotoxicity was confirmed by systemic injection of deferoxamine and MK-801, and characteristics of unilateral prevention was confirmed by local application of the neurotrophic factors using osmotic pumps. In the SEM study, the GM-induced hair cell damages of the vestibule were identified, which was prevented by the preventive drugs. The reduction of bias value without change of modulation was comparable with the reduction of gain in the earth vertical axis rotation after GM-induced vestibulotoxicity.
Rabbits ; Animals ; Drug Toxicity

BACKGROUND: Some authors recommend the surgical correction at early childhood in the selected cases of unilateral atresia as well as bilateral atresia. It has been enabled due to the improvement of imaging technique and it gives cosmetic satisfaction and biaural hearing. OBJECTIVES: The authors laid emphasis on the timing of canaloplasty in unilateral atresia, stage of canaloplasty, and postoperaitve hearing results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of surgical results of congenital aural atresia from 1983 to 1995 in Seoul National University Hospital was performed. RESULTS: Forty four patients had unilateral atresia and 16 patients had bilateral atresia. Age range at the time of surgery was from 5.3 years to 14.6 years: average age was 8.1 years. Otoplasty was performed in 22 ears by plastic surgeons. It took precedence over canaloplasty in 17 ears. The endaural anterior approach through incision from temporal area to cavum cocha was performed in these cases. Meatal stenosis was the most common postoperative complication, but it has been decreased since the introduction of modification of anterior approach. The surgical attempts to improve hearing could not be performed in 14 ears due to various reasons. The audiologic follow-up period in the remaining 60 ears ranged from 1 year 9 months to 8 year 8 months(mean, 3 year 8 months). By analyzing final air conduction level, it was possible to attain 30 dB or better in 18(30%) of 60 cases and 40 dB or better in 36(60%) of 60 cases. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend the surgical correction at early childhood in unilateral atresia. and the otoplasty should be performed at first and it seems to be better in view of early audiologic rehabilitation that canaloplasty would be performed before the stage of elevation of rib cartilage graft. Meatal stenosis can be reduced by modification of anterior approach.
Cartilage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Correction of Hearing Impairment ; Ear ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; Seoul ; Transplants

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is uncommon and known to affect in middle-aged adults, with rare reports of occurrences in children. Although frequently involving the pleura, recent reports show that SFT may also involve extrapleural sites. SFT is known as a benign tumor, but in some cases SFT recurs, invades locally, or shows malignant transformation. We experienced a case of SFT that developed in the axilla of a 4-year-old girl with multiple congenital anomalies with constitutional chromosomal abnormality of 46,XX[44]/47,XX,+mar[11]. Her tumor could not be surgically resected due to the patient's multiple anomalies including congenital heart disease, chronic lung problem and seizure disorder. She died of congestive heart failure with respiratory failure due to tumor growth. This report is meaningful not only because SFT affected a pediatric patient with a constitutional chromosomal abnormality, but also because the tumor originated from the axillary area, a site of origin rarely reported for SFTs.
Adult ; Axilla ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lung ; Pleura ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. RESULTS: In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (+/-1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/105 and 17.4/105 person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Police* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis*