No abstract available.

No abstract available.

To investigate the gender difference of early symptoms appearing before the onset of the psychotic symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, we reviewed the medical records of 63 patients (38 males, 25 females), who were hospitalized for first-episode schizophrenia. The frequency and duration of prodromal and psychotic symptoms, Clinical Global Impression scale scores, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale scores at admission, and other clinical characteristics were recorded for all patients. Overall, the most common prodromal symptoms were attenuated positive symptoms (89%), followed by mood symptoms (86%). Negative symptoms were the most common in male patients (97.4%), whereas attenuated positive symptoms were the most common in female patients (84%). Male patients demonstrated more frequent negative, cognitive, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms than female patients did and also showed a tendency of having negative symptoms for the longer period. Correlational analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the duration of negative symptoms and GAF scores at admission in male patients. Our findings suggest that different patterns of prodromal symptoms between male and female begin before the onset of the psychosis. Further prospective studies should be needed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

Background: It is well known that the prevalence of obesity in Korea is increasing over time, however it is not known how the trends among occupational groups and sex differ in such increasing trends. This study was designed to provide recent trends of obesity among workers in Korea and to identify whether there were differences among occupational groups. Methods: We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phases I to VI (1998–2015), to analyze trends in the prevalence of obesity in adult Korean workers. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Occupations were classified into 3 groups: (a) nonmanual workers, (b) service/sales workers, and (c) manual workers. Results: During the period of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Phases I to VI, the prevalence of obesity in male workers increased in all occupations (31.1% to 39.5% in manual workers, 32.3% to 38.2% in service/sales workers, and 25.3% to 39.7% in manual workers). However, female workers did not show any particular tendency toward obesity, except for a significant decrease in the prevalence rate in service/sales workers (30.8% to 23.9%, p for trend = 0.0048). Conclusion The trends of obesity prevalence by sex and occupation were different. For male manual workers, the prevalence rate increased steadily during the data period, while it decreased steadily in female sales/service workers.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the long-term risks associated with a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Specifically analyzing the potential increase in developing nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and lymphoma in patients with a history of IM and exploring the prevalence of other EBV-associated conditions. Materials and Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database was utilized for a retrospective analysis, covering data from 2002 to 2021. A total of 25,582 IM patients and controls were included, with 1:1 propensity score matching. The study monitored outcomes, including lymphoma, NPC, gastric cancer, multiple sclerosis, and all-cause mortality. Results: Patients with a history of IM demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of lymphoma (hazard ratio [HR], 5.320; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.208 to 8.820; p < 0.001) and NPC (HR, 7.116; 95% CI, 1.617 to 31.314; p=0.009) during the follow-up period compared with the control group. Additionally, the IM group showed an increased rate of all-cause mortality (HR, 2.225; 95% CI, 1.858 to 2.663; p < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that individuals with a history of IM have an elevated risk of developing lymphoma and NPC in South Korea, emphasizing the importance of vigilant follow-up and monitoring. The results advocate for heightened awareness and potential national monitoring policies to address the long-term health implications of EBV infection and to implement preventive measures.

BACKGROUND: An unhealthy lifestyle is the most important cause of lifestyle-induced illness (diabetes, hypertension, liver enzyme abnormality, dyslipidemia etc.). This study was carried out to evaluate that relation between employees' lifestyle and their health status in a Korean electronic research and development company. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey. 3,041 consecutive workers in a Korean R&D company were enrolled in this study. A checkup list for the health examination (from the National Health Insurance Coperation), which contained the information on the lifestyle, and the results of the health examination, which contained information on the body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and liver function tests (LFT, AST, ALT, gamma-GTP) and cholesterol profiles (total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL) were done for all the subjects. We evaluated the health profile as normal or abnormal. Statistical analysis of the health profiles and the lifestyle of the employees' was performing by using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of 'excessive alcohol drinking' was 52.9% (n=1,610), that for 'lack of exercise' was 86.2% (n=2,662), that for 'meat eating' 12.2% (n=370) and that for 'current smoker' was 31.3% (n=952). According to results of health examination, the prevalence of obesity was 27.1% (n=824), hypertension was 7.1% (n=215), diabetes was 1.0% (n=30), abnormal LFT was 15.4% (n=469) and dyslipidemia was 18.7% (n=569). On multiple logistic regression analysis of the health profile and lifestyle, 'meat eating' was related to obesity, hypertension, abnormal LFT (ALT, gamma-GTP), dyslipidemia (LDL). 'Excessive alcohol drinking' was related to obesity, hypertension, abnormal LFT (gamma-GTP). 'Lack of exercise' was related to dyslipidemia (HDL). 'Current smoker' was related to obesity, diabetes, abnormal LFT (ALT, gamma-GTP), and dyslipidemia (TG, HDL) with statistically significance. CONCLUSIONS: For workers in the R&D company, an unhealthy lifestyle (such as diet, alcohol drinking, lack of exercise and smoking) were related to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, abnormal LFT and dyslipidemia. Therefore health promotion is necessary for the young employees of an Korean R&D company.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Health Promotion ; Hypertension ; Life Style ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Logistic Models ; National Health Programs ; Obesity ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: Standardizing remission criteria is helpful for documenting patient remission states by setting appropriate treatment goals and comparing the efficacy of various therapies. We investigated the applicability of two remission criteria through a 1-year prospective observational study on patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. METHODS: Forty-nine patients were enrolled and assessed monthly using the BPRS, SAPS, SANS, and CGI. Criteria A included a BPRS total score of < or =36, a BPRS psychotic item score of < or =3, and a CGI-S score of < or =3. Criteria B included all of five global items in the SAPS and SANS of < or =2 (mild). Each remission criterion was required to be met for at least 2 consecutive months. RESULTS: The remission rates at study endpoint were 64.3 and 42.9%, respectively, when criteria A and B were applied. Within criteria A, the remission rate was 78.6% when only a BPRS total score criterion was applied, which then dropped to 75.0% when a BPRS psychotic item criterion was added. A 75% remission rate was noted when the CGI criterion was independently applied. Within criteria B, a 71.4% remission rate was observed using the SAPS criterion, which decreased to 42.9% when a SANS score criterion was added. No significant difference was detected in the time to remission and the duration of maintained remission when criteria A or B were applied. CONCLUSION: The SAPS and SANS scales are stricter for categorizing the remission state compared to the BPRS and CGI. Criteria based on the BPRS appear to be more representative of the remission state when a BPRS psychotic item criterion is added. In addition, CGI alone can be used for longterm follow-up evaluations of patients with schizophrenia.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Observational Study ; Prospective Studies ; Schizophrenia* ; Weights and Measures

After publication of the original article the authors found that the following affiliation was incorrect at the time of publication.

After publication of the original article the authors found that the affiliations were incorrect at the time of publication.

Cornual pregnancy, which is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, is an implantation of embryo in the intramural portion of a fallopian tubes. The incidence of cornual pregnancy is reported to be between 2-4% of all tubal pregnancy, about 1% of ectopic pregnancy, and occurs once for every 2,500 to 5,000 live births. Because the greater distensibility and vascularlity of this site lead to rupture at a latter gestational age and rapid intraperitoneal hemorrhage, cornual pregnancy causes serious maternal mortality and morbidity. Intraligamentary pregnancy, also a form of ectopic pregnancy, is one of the most unusual accident so that the diagnosis of intraligamentary pregnancy is hardly ever made prior to laparotomy. The incidence of intraligamentary pregnancy is reported to be about once for every 245 all ectopic pregnancy, and about once for every 49,000 to 184,000 all pregnancy. We have experienced an extremely rare case of right cornual pregnancy complicated with right intraligamentary pregnancy which was proven by histopathologic diagnoses in a 34-year-old woman and report it with review of literatures.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Embryonic Structures ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Live Birth ; Maternal Mortality ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Rupture