No abstract available.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lordosis*

PURPOSE: The testes normally descend into the scrotum during last trimester in ges tation. Although the cause of maldesent is not clear, abnormality of the gubernaculum testis, intrinsic testicular defect and deficient gonadotropic stimulation are considered as possible etiology. We evaluated risk factors for cryptorchidism, including low birth weight, low gestational age, twin birth and other pertinent factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2,605 boys who were born in Soonchunhyang Chonan hospital between March 1997 and March 2000 were evaluated for cryptorchidism. The subjects consisted with 99 boys with cryptorchidism and 2,506 normal boys for control group. We investigated birth weight, duration of gestation, twin birth, parity, other congenital anomalies, paternal age, maternal age, previous abortion history, mode of delivery (normal vaginal delivery or Cesarean section), Apgar score (1 minute), breech presen tation and preeclampsia during pregnancy to each subject in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio. RESULTS: The birth weight less than 1,500gm and other congenital anomalies were significant risk factors for crytorchidism. The other factors showed no effect on the risk of cryptorchidism. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that low birth weight and other congenital anomalies are the significant risk factors for development of cryptorchidism.
Abortion, Induced ; Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cryptorchidism* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Odds Ratio ; Parity ; Parturition ; Paternal Age ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Risk Factors* ; Scrotum ; Testis ; Twins

Chondroblastoma is a rare primary neoplasm of bone which involves the epiphysis of the long bone and develops mostly in the 2nd decade of life. We reviewed the cases of twenty patients with chondroblastoma who were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine between 1969 and 1989. All patients were followed for 1 year or longer. The results were as follows. 1. The proximal end of the humerus(25%) and the proximal end of the femur(25%) were the most common sites. 2. 85% of patients were between 11 to 20 years old and male to female ratio was 3:2. 3. The most common symptom was pain and in 30% of patients it was appeared after minor trauma. 4. The average diameter of lesion is 4.2cm in its long axis and the more longer the duration, the more larger the size of lesion. 5. Involvement of the epiphyseal plate was twice as common in the patients with a closing plate as in those with an open one. 6. The most common microscopic finding was the presence of chondroblast and chondroid matrix. 7. Two patients(10%) had a local recurrence. 8. The final functional results were considered to be good in sixteen(80%) patients. 9. Accurste localization of the lesion during biopsy is very important especially in the case of deep seated lesion.
Biopsy ; Chondroblastoma ; Chondrocytes ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features, recurrent rate, survival rate and controversable issues in the treatment of the ovarian malignant germ cell tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August, 1991 to November, 1998 thirty-one patients with malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary treated in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Kosin University Medical college, were eligible and assessable. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, signs, stage, tumor grade, mode of therapy and results of follow up were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The patients with malignant germ cell tumor constituted 6.37% of all ovarian malignancies during this period. Histologic subtypes were 8 dysgerminoma(25.8%), 7 endodermal sinus tumor(22.6%), 10 immature teratoma(32.3%), 3 mixed germ cell tumor(9.7%), 3 choriocarcinoma(9.7%). The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 40 years (mean +/-S.D.; 24.26 +/- 7.51). The most common symptom was abdominal pain(38.7%). Most had stageI(18 cases, 58.0%) or stageIII(5 cases, 16.2%) diseases. All patients underwent surgery as the initial treatment, and nine patients received more than one operation. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens were VAC, VBP, EP, BEP, EMA, and EMA CO. The mean follow up duration was 26.0(+/- S.D.; +/- 20.3) months. The 2-year and 5-year survival rate were 91.97%(+/- S.E.; +/- 0.05) and 86.86%(+/- S.E.; +/- 0.07).
Endoderm ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Obstetrics ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The neuroendocrine cell (NE cell) is thought to play an important role in the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Survivin is one of the IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis), and it is expressed in the NE cell and in most of the common cancers, but not in normal tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of the NE cell and survivin in the prostate of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 9 rabbits underwent orchiectomy and their prostates were removed at 0 weeks (control), 2 weeks and 6 weeks after orchiectomy. Each of the prostatic tissue specimens was stained with H&E; immunohistochemical staining was done for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and survivin, and the tissue specimens were then examined by microscopy. RESULTS: In the prostate of rabbits, most of the NE cells were located between the epithelial gland and the stroma. NE differentiation occurred 6 weeks after orchiectomy. The location of cells that were positive for survivin was almost same as that of the NE cells. CONCLUSIONS: The main location of NE cells in the prostate of rabbits was between the epithelial gland and the stroma, and NE differentiation occurred 6 weeks after orchiectomy, the same as in a human or a dog. The location of survivin positive cells coincided with that of the NE cells. Therefore, a rabbit seems to be a suitable animal model for the study of the NE cell.
Animals ; APUD Cells ; Chromogranin A ; Dogs ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Neuroendocrine Cells* ; Orchiectomy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Rabbits* ; Synaptophysin

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of pancreatitis developed in 19 children with leukemia and lymphoma in Asan Medical Center. METHODS: Hospital and outpatient records of 19 children either with leukemia or lymphoma who developed acute pancreatitis were reviewed. Clinical characteristics of these patients along with serologic data were analysed. RESULTS: 1. Median age at diagnosis of pancreatitis in 19 patients was 11 years of age. 2. Patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia (12 cases; 53%), acute myelocytic leukemia (4 cases; 21%), non-Hodgkins lymphoma (3 cases; 16%). 3. The etiologies of pancreatitis were L-asparaginase (16 cases) therapy, continuous Ara-C therapy (2 cases) and gallbladder stone (1 case). 5. L-asparaginase realated pancreatitis developed during the course of CCG 1882 induction (7 cases), CCG 1901 onsolidation (4 cases), CCG 1901 induction (1 case), and ADCOMP induction (1 case). 6. All patients experienced abdomial pain. Nausea, fever, vomiting, abdominal distention and diarrhea were also manifested clinically. 7. Hypocalcemia, sepsis, ascites, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreatic pseudocysts and fistula were complicating events. 8. 6 patients were dead. The causes of death were from progression of lymphoma/ leukemia itself in 5 cases. One patient died of regimen related toxicity. The period of follow-up ranged from 2 months to 6.6 years with median follow-up of 28 months. CONCLUSION: 1. It is neccessary to monitor the level of serum amylase and lipase or to perform radiologic evaluation in patients who develop abdominal pain during L-asparaginase and Ara-C therapy especially in the course of CCG 1882 induction and CCG 1901 consolidation. 2. The outcome of chemotherapy induced pancreatitis is favorable in most instances but in some patients chronic pancreatitis may remain. The delay of chemotherapy due to pancreatitis may be responsible for the relapse of cancer. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and aggressive supportive therapy are important.
Abdominal Pain ; Amylases ; Ascites ; Cause of Death ; Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cytarabine ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lipase ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nausea ; Outpatients ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst ; Pancreatitis* ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Recurrence ; Sepsis ; Treatment Outcome ; Vomiting

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical and radiographic review. OBJECTIVES: To assess the treatment for the recurred symptoms caused by various sequential degenerative changes at the adja-cent segments to previous lumbar fusion. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Accelerated degeneration of lumbar segments adjacent to a previous fusion has been established, but the treatment for this condition has rarely been demonstrated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 19 consecutive patients who had treatments for the recurred symptoms caused by a sequential degenerative change at the adjacent segments were reviewed. The sequential changes at the adjacent segments were instability, disc space narrowing, spinal stenosis, and/or vertebral slip, and the symptoms of these changes were back pain in all patients and leg pain in many patients, particularly in later years. RESULTS: Initially all symptomatic patients were tried with conservative regimens of medication, physiotherapy, exercise, and education. A back brace was also applied for the patients who have considerable back pain, and the epidural injections for those who have leg pain. The symptoms of these patients, particularly the back pain were responded well to the conservative therapy during the earlier years, but surgery was needed eventually at the later years in 8 patients, particularly for the leg pain. For these patients, an adequate decompression and extension of the fusion using instrumentation resulted in good fusion with satisfactory clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: The initial symptoms of the sequential degenerative changes at the adjacent segment after lumbar fusion were well responded to the conservative treatments, but a surgical treatment was needed eventually in many patients. The methods and results of the surgical treatment were similar to those of primary conditions.
Back Pain ; Braces ; Decompression ; Education ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Leg ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis

PURPOSE: We evaluated the incidence of lumbosacral bony deformities including occult spina bifida in patients with noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) compared to that in control group, and the significance of plain radiography in assessment of CPPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1995 and May 1999, 71 men presented for pelviperineal pain and lower urinary tract symptoms eventually led to the diagnosis of noninflammatory CPPS. The mean duration of pain was 21.4 months. The control group consisted with 123 symptom free heathy adults. The plain radiography was performed in both groups, and bony deformities of lumbosacral area were evaluated by one urologist. RESULTS: The principal pain regions in patients were perineum (45.1%) and scrotum and/or testis (36.6%). The number of patients who complained of obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms were 37 (52.1%) and 29 (40.8%) cases respectively. The incidence of deformities of lumbosacral area in patients (21.1%) was significantly greater than that of control group (9.7%) (P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Higher incidence of lumbosacral bony deformities was found in patients with noninflammatory CPPS than in normal control group. It is suggested that neurophysiologic and radiologic studies will be needed to determine whether deformities of lumbosacral area account for chronic pelvic pain and voiding symptoms in noninflammatory CPPS.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Pelvic Pain* ; Perineum ; Prostatitis ; Radiography ; Scrotum ; Spina Bifida Occulta ; Testis

PURPOSE: Among numerous surgical techniques for varicocele correction, the retroperitoneal approach of Palomo had been modified from the ligation of internal spermatic vessels to the preservation of internal spermatic artery. We evaluate which is the preferable technique for varicocele correction between the internal spermatic artery-ligating and the artery-preserving operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1989 and March 1999, 79 men with varicocele underwent surgical correction by the retroperitoneal approach. Group 1 and 2 were consisted with 24 patients who underwent internal spermatic artery ligating procedure, and 55 patients who underwent internal spermatic artery preserving technique respectively. Mean ages of both groups were 25.5 years (12-43) and 22.9 years (11-52) respectively. Most of the varicoceles were left sided (93.7%) and grade II (59.0%). The postoperative follow-up varied from 3 to 60 months with an average of 23.2 months. RESULTS: There was no postoperative recurrence in group 1. In group 2, postoperative recurrence was seen in 9 patients (15.3%). The postoperative recurrence rate was significantly different in both groups (p=0.040). There was no postoperative testicular atrophy in both groups. Postoperative hydrocele was developed in 2 cases (8.3%) in the group 1, and 3 cases (5.1%) in the group 2. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the artery ligation procedure is a safe surgery technique, because postoperative testicular atrophy is not occurred by ligation of the internal spermatic artery. Palomo method is the preferable technique because the postoperative reccurence rate which is the most serious complication in varicocele correction is significantly lower than that in modified Palomo technique.
Arteries* ; Atrophy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Recurrence ; Varicocele*