No abstract available.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis*

We experienced a case of an athlete with a painful mass on the distal peroneal musculature after sports activity, and diagnosed as the entrapment syndrome of superficial peroneal nerve. We treated the case with the mini-open and subcutaneous fasciotomy to release the entrapped peroneal nerve. We report the case with a review of the literature.
Athletes ; Humans ; Peroneal Nerve ; Sports

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Stomach cancer is the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in Korea. The early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer are very important because the prognosis of early gastric cancer is excellent. Gastric screening may provide an opportunity to detect asymptomatic early gastric cancer. We analyzed the characteristics of gastric cancer diagnosed with a health screening test to evaluate the usefulness of a screening program for gastric cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 111 gastric cancer patients diagnosed using gastric endoscopy as a gastric screening test at the Health Promotion Center of Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 1997 through December 2005. RESULTS: The incidence of gastric cancer was 0.38% and the mean patient age was 58.5 years old. The proportion of early gastric cancer was 73% of all gastric cancer. In 55 cases, constituting 49.6% of all gastric cancer and 68% of early gastric cancer, the lesions were confined to the mucosa. The most common macroscopic types were type IIc in early gastric cancer and Borrmann type 3 in advanced gastric cancer. There were significant positive correlations between lymph node metastasis and both the depth of tumor invasion and size of the lesion. The 5-year survival rates are 82.7% in total gastric cancer and 97.2% in early gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric cancer detected during health screening has a favorable prognosis because gastric cancer confined to the mucosa predominates and early gastric cancer detected at screening has a lower incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
Early Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mass Screening ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (KODI). OBJECTIVES: To conduct the cross-cultural adaptation for translating the original version of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (English version) SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Society is multicultural populations income. (This makes no sense?) Since languages and cultures are highly related, any cross-cultural assessment must be addressed in the outcome of the measurements. (I have made this into a proper sentence, but the meaning is still unclear, please confirm?) The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) has not been translated into Korean, but is the most widely used tool in the world for measuring the intensity of back pain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We used the guideline for the translation and cultural adaptation process, (Where were these guidelines from?) including forward translation, synthesis of translation, backward translation, committee review, pre-testing, test of the pro-final version, and finally, submission of the documentation to the developers. The Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) was tested on 116 patients with chronic low back pain. RESULTS: The reliability for the KODI, as measured by the Cronbach's alpha value, was 0.9168, and the reliability of the testretest was 0.9331. The process results were reported to the developer (Dr. Jeremy Fairbank), who appraised the KODI. CONCLUSIONS: The KODI was found to have satisfactory reliability. Therefore, the KODI can be recommended as a tool for the measurement of lower back pain in Korea.
Back Pain ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Back Pain ; Translating

BACKGROUND: There have been recent reports on the effects of the addition of intrathecal midazolam to bupivacaine on spinal anesthesia. Therefore, the effects of the addition of intrathecal midazolam to bupivacaine on spinal anesthesia and peri-operative sedation were investigated. METHODS: Thirty one ASA class 1 and 2 patients, scheduled for transurethral resection of the bladder or prostate (TURB or TURP), were randomly divided into two groups. Group B (n = 15) received bupivacaine 12 mg, and normal saline 0.6 ml, whereas group BM (n = 16) received bupivacaine 12 mg, midazolam 2 mg, and normal saline 0.2 ml. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), bispectral index (BIS) and Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S scale) scores were recorded every 5 minutes, both before and during the spinal anesthesia. The sensory blockade was measured using a pin-prick test, and motor blockade evaluated using the Bromage motor scale. In addition, the side effects, including pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and headache, and so on, were observed for a period of 24 hours. RESULTS: There were no differences in the motor and sensory block and recovery between the two groups. However, a difference was found in the time to first recognition of pain and the BIS scores between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal midazolam did not, itself, affect the spinal anesthesia, but was found to have a statistically prolonged postoperative analgesic and more sedative effects.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Midazolam* ; Nausea ; Oxygen ; Prostate ; Pruritus ; Urinary Bladder ; Vomiting

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a condition in which the ovarian functions of hormone production and oocyte development become impaired before the typical age for menopause. POF and early menopause are present in a broad spectrum of gonad dysgenesis, from a complete cessation of ovarian function to an intermittent follicle maturation failure. Actually POF has been identified as a genetic entity (especially chromosome X), but data on genetic factors of premature menopause are limited. Until now, several cases revealed that inactivation of X chromosomes has an effect on ages of premature menopause and females with balanced or unbalanced X-autosome translocations can have several reproductive problems. On the other hand, there have been a few data that was caused by autosome-autosome translocation can lead. Therefore we report a relevant case of POF with translocation between chromosomes 1 and 4. She had her first menstrual period at the age of 12, and after 7 years she stopped menstruation. Chromosomal analysis showed 46, XX, t (1;4) (p22.3;q31.3). While evaluating this rare case, we could review various causes (especially genetic factors) of POF. To remind clinicians about this disease, we report a case of POF caused by autosome-autosome translocation with a literature review.
Female ; Gonads ; Hand ; Humans ; Menopause ; Menopause, Premature* ; Menstruation ; Oocytes ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; X Chromosome

PURPOSE: We wished to introduce the curative effect of biofeedback in children with urge syndrome and dysfunctional voiding, and examine the durability of effect and the difference in response to medication before and after biofeedback. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 15 patients with urge syndrome and 8 with dysfunctional voiding. Average age was 8.2 years old(range, 4-16 years). Pelvic floor relaxation biofeedback, voiding biofeedback, and intravesical biofeedback were enforced with 4-18 sessions(average, 7.4). We defined the patient with disappearance of more than 90% of symptoms as 'improved', disappearance of 50 to 90% as 'partially improved', and the rest as 'not improved'. We assessed the degree of improvement between groups, and changes in uroflowmetry, functional bladder capacity and response to medication after biofeedback. RESULTS: Nine(60%) of the 15 patients with urge syndrome and 4(50%) of the 8 patients with dysfunctional voiding showed improvement, and the overall response rate was 56%(13 of 23 patients). The mean follow-up period was 7.6 months, and the therapeutic effect lasted for 5.1 months. Among the 13 patients who were refractory to medical treatment, 8(61%) improved and 3 with partial improvement responded well to medication after biofeedback. There were significant improvements in uroflowmetry findings; the numbers of bell shape and discordant shape(fractionated, staccato) before and after biofeedback were 7, 14 and 19, 4, respectively. Functional bladder capacity was also improved significantly from 177ml to 236ml(p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback is an effective and safe treatment modality in most patients with urge syndrome and dysfunctional voiding.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: Among numerous surgical techniques for varicocele correction, the retroperitoneal approach of Palomo had been modified from the ligation of internal spermatic vessels to the preservation of internal spermatic artery. We evaluate which is the preferable technique for varicocele correction between the internal spermatic artery-ligating and the artery-preserving operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1989 and March 1999, 79 men with varicocele underwent surgical correction by the retroperitoneal approach. Group 1 and 2 were consisted with 24 patients who underwent internal spermatic artery ligating procedure, and 55 patients who underwent internal spermatic artery preserving technique respectively. Mean ages of both groups were 25.5 years (12-43) and 22.9 years (11-52) respectively. Most of the varicoceles were left sided (93.7%) and grade II (59.0%). The postoperative follow-up varied from 3 to 60 months with an average of 23.2 months. RESULTS: There was no postoperative recurrence in group 1. In group 2, postoperative recurrence was seen in 9 patients (15.3%). The postoperative recurrence rate was significantly different in both groups (p=0.040). There was no postoperative testicular atrophy in both groups. Postoperative hydrocele was developed in 2 cases (8.3%) in the group 1, and 3 cases (5.1%) in the group 2. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the artery ligation procedure is a safe surgery technique, because postoperative testicular atrophy is not occurred by ligation of the internal spermatic artery. Palomo method is the preferable technique because the postoperative reccurence rate which is the most serious complication in varicocele correction is significantly lower than that in modified Palomo technique.
Arteries* ; Atrophy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Recurrence ; Varicocele*

Diagnoses of cystic lesions in the pancreas are increasing in clinical practice because of the wider use of imaging studies. The selection of appropriate treatment depends on the ability to distinguish between benign and malignant cysts. However, cystic pancreatic neoplasms sometimes misdiagnosed as pseudocysts, and managed incorrectly. We report herein the case of a pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma, misdiagnosed as a pseudocyst and managed by internal drainage. A 36-year-old woman initially had a cystojejunostomy under the diagnosis of a pseudocyst, but subsequently suffered from epigastric pain and fever due to cyst infection. A distal pancreatectomy, encompassing the previous cystojejunostomy anastomosis site, was performed 2 years after the initial operation and a mucinous cystadenoma was confirmed by histopathologic examination. Although pseudocysts are predominantly cystic lesions in the pancreas, cystic neoplasms should be considered before deciding the treatment strategy because the misdiagnosis a cystic neoplasm as a pseudocyst may result in serious problems.
Adult ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Drainage* ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst*

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence shows that interleukin(IL)-1 plays a critical role in inflammation and connective tissue destruction observed in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. IL-1 induces gene expression related to cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases by activation of many different transcription factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chondrosarcoma cell line, SW1353, is known to be a valuable in vitro system for investigating catabolic gene regulation by IL-1beta in chondrocytic cells. To explore and analyze the changes in gene expression by IL-1 responsible for arthritis, SW1353 was treated with IL-1 for 1, 6 and 24 h and then total RNAs were purified for each time. The changes in gene expression were analyzed with 17k human cDNA microarrays and validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Greater than a two-fold change was observed in 1,200 genes including metallothioneins, matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix proteins, antioxidant proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins, proteins for cell growth and apoptosis, signaling proteins and transcription factors. These changes appeared to be correlate with the pathophysiological changes observed in early osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: cDNA microarray analysis revealed a marked variability in gene expression, and provided insight into the overall molecular changes. The result of this study provide initial information for further studies to identify therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
Apoptosis ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Chemokines ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Connective Tissue ; Cytokines ; Cytoskeleton ; DNA, Complementary* ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukins* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Metallothionein ; Microarray Analysis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Osteoarthritis ; RNA ; Transcription Factors