In this study, we examined the morphine-induced modulation of the nociceptive spinal dorsal horn neuronal activities before and after formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Intradermal injection of formalin induced time-dependent changes in the spontaneous activity of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. In naive cats before the injection of formalin, iontophoretically applied morphine attenuated the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. However, neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation were significantly increased by morphine. Bicuculline, GABAA antagonist, increased the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. This increase in neuronal responses due to bicuculline after the formalin-induced inflammation was larger than that in the naive state, suggesting that basal GABAA tone increased after the formalin injection. Muscimol, GABAA agonist, reduced the neuronal responses before the treatment with formalin, but not after formalin treatment, again indicating an increase in the GABAergic basal tone after the formalin injection which saturated the neuronal responses to GABA agonist. Morphine-induced increase in the spinal nociceptive responses after formalin treatment was inhibited by co-application of muscimol. These data suggest that formalin-induced inflammation increases GABAA basal tone and the inhibition of this augmented GABAA basal tone by morphine results in a paradoxical morphine- induced increase in the spinal nociceptive neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation.
Animals ; Bicuculline ; Cats ; Formaldehyde ; GABA Agonists ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intradermal ; Morphine ; Muscimol ; Neurons ; Nociceptors ; Posterior Horn Cells* ; Spinal Cord

No abstract available.
Injections, Intralesional ; Isotretinoin ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

BACKGROUND: Short stature is sometimes seen in children with atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the topic has never been studied systematically. Objective: The aim of this study was to show whether AD itself affects stature in children and to evaluate the influence of other relevant factors such as genetic background, diet restrictions, and sleep disturbance on the stature of children with AD. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to show whether AD itself affects stature in children and to evaluate the influence of other relevant factors such as genetic background, diet restrictions, and sleep disturbance on the stature of children with AD. METHODS: The study population included Korean children 7 to 8 years of age who live in one district of Seoul, Korea. We used a questionnaire as an investigating tool to survey genetic backgrounds, environmental factors, and comorbidities. Student's t-test and linear regression were employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the average stature in the AD group was short compared with the normal control group. Parental stature, dietary habit, and sleep patterns were also relevant factors with respect to stature. However, in multivariate analysis, AD itself had no influence on stature. Significant correlations were found for such factors as parental height, sleep disturbance, presence of asthma, and dietary restrictions, in decreasing magnitude. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that AD itself may not be the causative factor for short stature in children with AD. Therefore, consideration of other relevant factors related to short stature in patients with AD will be important for the proper management of the disease.
Asthma ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Diet ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BellaGen(TM) is an injectable acellular dermal matrix granule derived from donated human skin tissue that was recently developed for soft tissue augmentation. Its use has been sporadically reported in penile girth enhancement procedures. Many cases of complications have been reported after injecting acellular dermal matrices like AlloDerm or SureDerm(TM) but few reports on complications associated with BellaGen(TM) injection. We report here on penile skin inflammation and necrosis following augmentation phalloplasty with BellaGen(TM), which developed 3 days after the injection and persisted for more than 2 weeks. The patient had a 15 year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and he was treated with oral antibiotics and wet dressings with KMNO4 solution to combine preservation of the remaining penile soft tissue with debridement of avascular tissue. The lesion improved with this treatment, but the patient experienced pain for about 2 weeks. All patients should be informed of the potential complications with the use of injectable acellular dermal matrices before treatment. Patient selection for augmentation is also important to have the most desirable results.
Acellular Dermis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bandages ; Collagen ; Debridement ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Patient Selection ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) III using the circumplex model has been widely used in investigating family function. However, the criticism of the curvilinear hypothesis of the circumplex model has always been from an empirical point of view. This study examined the relationship between adolescent adaptability, cohesion, and adolescent problem behaviors, and especially testing the consistency of the curvilinear hypotheses with FACES III. METHODS: We used the data from 398 adolescent participants who were in middle school. A self-reported questionnaire was used to evaluate the FACES III and Youth Self Report. RESULTS: According to the level of family adaptability, significant differences were evident in internalizing problems (P = 0.014). But, in externalizing problems, the results were not significant (P = 0.305). Also, according to the level of family cohesion, significant differences were in internalizing problems (P = 0.002) and externalizing problems (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The relationship between the dimensions of adaptability, cohesion and adolescent problem behaviors was not curvilinear. In other words, adolescents with high adaptability and high cohesion showed low problem behaviors.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Family Relations ; Humans ; Korea

The skin lesion of herpes zoster is classically limited to single dermatomal area, and most cases of multidermatomal herpes zoster have contiguous skin lesions. Noncontigous multidermatomal herpes zoster is very rare in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. The phenomenon of zoster occurring in two noncontiguous dermatomes has been referred to as zoster duplex unilateralis or bilateralis. We report a case of herpes zoster multiplex in five disparate dermatomes in a 71-year-old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Aged ; Female ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Skin

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions*

Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (CGPD) is a benign facial eruption of unknown etiology characterized by a monomorphic papular eruption occurring in the perinasal, perioral, and periocular areas. We report an 11-year-old boy with characteristic features of CGPD. He presented with a 4-month history of non-pruritic, papular eruptions on the face. The histopathologic exam revealed an upper dermal granuloma with surrounding lymphocytes. Treatment was initiated with tetracycline 500 mg/day, but there was no response for 3 weeks. We tried 0.03% topical tacrolimus to treat recalcitrant skin lesions. After 10 weeks of treatment, the lesions resolved without scarring.
Child ; Cicatrix ; Dermatitis ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Skin ; Tacrolimus ; Tetracycline

No abstract available.
Lichen Planus ; Lichens