Abnormal methylation of the tumor-related genes is frequently found in the development of gastric cancer.Cancer cells exhibit two opposing methylation abnormalities:genome-wide hypomethylation and certain tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation.Furthermore,it seems that the level of DNA methylation is closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer.Recently,a great deal of research has been conducted to reveal the corelation of DNA methylation and gastric cancer.

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease which affects both human and animals.It distributes all over the world and makes great harm to human beings.In recent years,the morbidity of toxoplasmosis in our country increased because of contacting with pets.Toxoplasmosis has no specific clinical manifestations and responds well to correct treatment.In order to raise clinicians' notice to toxoplasmosis,this article will review the disease from the aspects of etiology,epidemiology,clinical manifestation and experimental diagnosis.

Intracranial aneurysm is a complicated disease caused by multifactors. Its mechanisms of the formation and rupture remain unclear. Cytokines are the general designation of the protein with bioactive small molecules secreted by the activated cells. They transmit information between the cells and regulate the physiological and pathological processes of cells.Several cytokines are involved in intracranial aneurysm formation and rapture. This article emphatically elaborates the roles of cytokines in the formation of intracranial aneurysms.

Objective To analyze the distribution ,antibiotic resistance of the pathogens isolated from patients with stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) in Department of Respiratory Medicine for better clinical medication .Methods The SAP patients who were treated in the hospital from January 2007 to January 2014 were included in this study .The pathogens were cultured and isolated .Antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens was analyzed retrospectively .The multidrug resistant bacteria were identified .Pathogen distribution was compared between the pneumonia associated with cerebral hemorrhage and that associated with cerebral infarction .Results A total of 50 strains of bacterial pathogens were isolated from 40 (12 .3% ) of all the 325 SAP patients ,including 46 strains of gram negative bacilli (92 .0% ) (mainly P . aeruginosa ,15 ;E . coli ,11 ;A . baumannii ,5 ;and S .marcescens ,5) and 4 (8 .0% ) strains of S .aureus ,all resistant to methicillin (MRSA) .P .aeruginosa isolates were not resistant to imipenem or aminoglycoside antibiotic ,but highly resistant to the third generation cephalosporins . E .coli strains were not resistant to imipenem or piperacillin‐tazobactam .A .baumannii strains were all multi‐drug resistant . At least 40% of these strains were resistant to imipenem ,aminoglycosides or the fourth generation cephalosporins .All the 4 were gram negative bacilli in Department of Respiratory Medicine ,mainly non‐fermentative bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae , most of which were multi‐drug resistant .MRSA is becoming an important pathogenic bacteria .The prevalence of E .coli is significantly different between the pneumonia associated with cerebral hemorrhage and that associated with cerebral infarction .

BACKGROUND: Bag-1 is a multifunctional and anti-apoptotic gene. Its anti-apoptotic ability is enhanced when binding to bcl-2 to form a complex.Now it is considered as a predictive biomarker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, whether it is useful in the assessment of the prognosis of breast cancer is still elusive.OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of bag-1 in breast cancer and its role for prognosis.DESIGN: A controlled study with breast cancer, benign breast tumor and normal breast tissues as subjects.SETTING: The Vascular and Endocrine Surgery Department of Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:Totally 100 breast cancer specimens were obtained form May 1995 to May 2000. Ten benign breast tumor and 10 normal breast tissues were used as control. All the specimens were paraffin-embedded and came from the Pathological Department of Xijing Hospital Affiliated to Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: Immunohostochemical strept avidin-biotin complex(SABC) method was adopted to detect bag-1 expression in these specimens.pression levels of bag-1.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of bag-1 in breast cancer (85%) was significantly different form those of benign breast tumor (10%) and normal breast (10%) (χ2= 29.98, P = 0.00). While the positive expression rates in breast cancer of different stages (stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ ) were 88%, 82% and 88%, respectively, which has no significant difference (χ2 = 0. 61, P = 0.75) . In duct carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and special carcinoma, bag-1 positive expression rate was 86%, 85% and 80%,which was also no significantly different (χ2 =0.16, P =0.95). In the 94followed patients, the 5-year survival rate of positive bag-1 expression was 79% and that of negative bag-1 expression was just 9%. The difference was significant (χ2 = 0. 07, P = 0.04).CONCLUSION: High bag-1 expression exists in breast cancer and its level is not associated with the clinical stages or pathological types of the cancer.Therefore, bag-1 may be used as a predictive marker for the prognosis of breast cancer.

Apoptosis ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; pathology

Dry eye is one of the most frequently ocular surface diseases. Recent researches found that many reasons caused decrease of ocular surface damage and the quality of tears , such as the change of ocular surface, immuno-inflammatory responses, apoptosis and the reduction of sex hormone. It is reported that the decline of ovarian function and hormone level in postmenopausal women which leads to abnormal structure and function of tear film is more likely to develop dry eye. In this paper, the ocular surface, pathogenesis and progresses of treatment on postmenopausal women with dry eye are reviewed.

The paper aims to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of gastrodin in rats effected by compound compatibilitiy and different doses of Tiangou Jiangya capsule. The extracts from Gastrodiae Rhizoma( equivalent to gastrodin 16.82 mg x kg(-1) and Tiangou jiangya capsule (equivalent to gastrodin 8.410, 16.82, 33.64 mg x kg(-1)) were oral administrated to rats respectively. The plasma were taken at various time points and treated with acetonitrile to measure the contents of gastrodin by HPLC method. The mean plasma concentration-time data were analyzed by 3P97 pharmacokinetic software and the pharmacokinetic parameters between groups were treated by SPSS 16.0. The results showed that gastrodin in rat was fitted to one-compartment model, Cmax and AUC of Tiangou Jiangya capsule were in direct proportion to oral administration, and t1/2Ka had nothing to do with doses, which indicated that gastrodin was fitted first-order rate transfter process in vivo. Morever, comparison with the Gastrodiae Rhizoma extract, isodose gastrodin in Tiangou Jiangya capsule showed a significant decrease for Cmax, Ke and increase for t1/2Ke, V/Fc, this indicated that compound compatibility can delay the absorbtion of gastrodin, prolong the resident time and promote the distribution in vivo, but its bioavailability is not significantly effected.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Benzyl Alcohols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Female ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Furans ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gastrodia ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Lignans ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Software

Objective To investigate the protective effects of SalB on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cels and the potential mechanism. Methods The injured model of PC12 cels was established by exposing to MPP⁺ and the mitochondrial function was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ATP synthesis. PCR was used to measure the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and the expression of PGC- 1, NRF-1 and TFAM. The expression of mitochondrial dynamic related proteins was detected by Western blotting analysis. Results SalB significantly attenuated the MPP+-induced decrease in MMP and mitochondrial ATP synthesis(P<0. 05) , and it significantly increased mtDNA content and the expression of PGC-1, NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA after MPP⁺ exposure (P< 0. 05). Moreover, Western blotting analysis showed that SalB significantly increased the expression of Opa-1 and Mfn-1 protein, but decreased that of Drp-1 and Fis-1 after MPP⁺ treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion SalB can protect PC12 cels against MPP⁺-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, probably through regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial fusion related proteins.

Animals ; Neural Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Semaphorins ; metabolism