Abnormal methylation of the tumor-related genes is frequently found in the development of gastric cancer.Cancer cells exhibit two opposing methylation abnormalities:genome-wide hypomethylation and certain tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation.Furthermore,it seems that the level of DNA methylation is closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer.Recently,a great deal of research has been conducted to reveal the corelation of DNA methylation and gastric cancer.

Intracranial aneurysm is a complicated disease caused by multifactors. Its mechanisms of the formation and rupture remain unclear. Cytokines are the general designation of the protein with bioactive small molecules secreted by the activated cells. They transmit information between the cells and regulate the physiological and pathological processes of cells.Several cytokines are involved in intracranial aneurysm formation and rapture. This article emphatically elaborates the roles of cytokines in the formation of intracranial aneurysms.

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease which affects both human and animals.It distributes all over the world and makes great harm to human beings.In recent years,the morbidity of toxoplasmosis in our country increased because of contacting with pets.Toxoplasmosis has no specific clinical manifestations and responds well to correct treatment.In order to raise clinicians' notice to toxoplasmosis,this article will review the disease from the aspects of etiology,epidemiology,clinical manifestation and experimental diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the distribution ,antibiotic resistance of the pathogens isolated from patients with stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) in Department of Respiratory Medicine for better clinical medication .Methods The SAP patients who were treated in the hospital from January 2007 to January 2014 were included in this study .The pathogens were cultured and isolated .Antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens was analyzed retrospectively .The multidrug resistant bacteria were identified .Pathogen distribution was compared between the pneumonia associated with cerebral hemorrhage and that associated with cerebral infarction .Results A total of 50 strains of bacterial pathogens were isolated from 40 (12 .3% ) of all the 325 SAP patients ,including 46 strains of gram negative bacilli (92 .0% ) (mainly P . aeruginosa ,15 ;E . coli ,11 ;A . baumannii ,5 ;and S .marcescens ,5) and 4 (8 .0% ) strains of S .aureus ,all resistant to methicillin (MRSA) .P .aeruginosa isolates were not resistant to imipenem or aminoglycoside antibiotic ,but highly resistant to the third generation cephalosporins . E .coli strains were not resistant to imipenem or piperacillin‐tazobactam .A .baumannii strains were all multi‐drug resistant . At least 40% of these strains were resistant to imipenem ,aminoglycosides or the fourth generation cephalosporins .All the 4 were gram negative bacilli in Department of Respiratory Medicine ,mainly non‐fermentative bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae , most of which were multi‐drug resistant .MRSA is becoming an important pathogenic bacteria .The prevalence of E .coli is significantly different between the pneumonia associated with cerebral hemorrhage and that associated with cerebral infarction .

BACKGROUND: Bag-1 is a multifunctional and anti-apoptotic gene. Its anti-apoptotic ability is enhanced when binding to bcl-2 to form a complex.Now it is considered as a predictive biomarker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, whether it is useful in the assessment of the prognosis of breast cancer is still elusive.OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of bag-1 in breast cancer and its role for prognosis.DESIGN: A controlled study with breast cancer, benign breast tumor and normal breast tissues as subjects.SETTING: The Vascular and Endocrine Surgery Department of Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:Totally 100 breast cancer specimens were obtained form May 1995 to May 2000. Ten benign breast tumor and 10 normal breast tissues were used as control. All the specimens were paraffin-embedded and came from the Pathological Department of Xijing Hospital Affiliated to Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: Immunohostochemical strept avidin-biotin complex(SABC) method was adopted to detect bag-1 expression in these specimens.pression levels of bag-1.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of bag-1 in breast cancer (85%) was significantly different form those of benign breast tumor (10%) and normal breast (10%) (χ2= 29.98, P = 0.00). While the positive expression rates in breast cancer of different stages (stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ ) were 88%, 82% and 88%, respectively, which has no significant difference (χ2 = 0. 61, P = 0.75) . In duct carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and special carcinoma, bag-1 positive expression rate was 86%, 85% and 80%,which was also no significantly different (χ2 =0.16, P =0.95). In the 94followed patients, the 5-year survival rate of positive bag-1 expression was 79% and that of negative bag-1 expression was just 9%. The difference was significant (χ2 = 0. 07, P = 0.04).CONCLUSION: High bag-1 expression exists in breast cancer and its level is not associated with the clinical stages or pathological types of the cancer.Therefore, bag-1 may be used as a predictive marker for the prognosis of breast cancer.

Dry eye is one of the most frequently ocular surface diseases. Recent researches found that many reasons caused decrease of ocular surface damage and the quality of tears , such as the change of ocular surface, immuno-inflammatory responses, apoptosis and the reduction of sex hormone. It is reported that the decline of ovarian function and hormone level in postmenopausal women which leads to abnormal structure and function of tear film is more likely to develop dry eye. In this paper, the ocular surface, pathogenesis and progresses of treatment on postmenopausal women with dry eye are reviewed.

The paper aims to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of gastrodin in rats effected by compound compatibilitiy and different doses of Tiangou Jiangya capsule. The extracts from Gastrodiae Rhizoma( equivalent to gastrodin 16.82 mg x kg(-1) and Tiangou jiangya capsule (equivalent to gastrodin 8.410, 16.82, 33.64 mg x kg(-1)) were oral administrated to rats respectively. The plasma were taken at various time points and treated with acetonitrile to measure the contents of gastrodin by HPLC method. The mean plasma concentration-time data were analyzed by 3P97 pharmacokinetic software and the pharmacokinetic parameters between groups were treated by SPSS 16.0. The results showed that gastrodin in rat was fitted to one-compartment model, Cmax and AUC of Tiangou Jiangya capsule were in direct proportion to oral administration, and t1/2Ka had nothing to do with doses, which indicated that gastrodin was fitted first-order rate transfter process in vivo. Morever, comparison with the Gastrodiae Rhizoma extract, isodose gastrodin in Tiangou Jiangya capsule showed a significant decrease for Cmax, Ke and increase for t1/2Ke, V/Fc, this indicated that compound compatibility can delay the absorbtion of gastrodin, prolong the resident time and promote the distribution in vivo, but its bioavailability is not significantly effected.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Benzyl Alcohols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Female ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Furans ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gastrodia ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Lignans ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Software

Apoptosis ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; pathology

Objective To investigate the protective effects of SalB on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cels and the potential mechanism. Methods The injured model of PC12 cels was established by exposing to MPP⁺ and the mitochondrial function was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ATP synthesis. PCR was used to measure the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and the expression of PGC- 1, NRF-1 and TFAM. The expression of mitochondrial dynamic related proteins was detected by Western blotting analysis. Results SalB significantly attenuated the MPP+-induced decrease in MMP and mitochondrial ATP synthesis(P<0. 05) , and it significantly increased mtDNA content and the expression of PGC-1, NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA after MPP⁺ exposure (P< 0. 05). Moreover, Western blotting analysis showed that SalB significantly increased the expression of Opa-1 and Mfn-1 protein, but decreased that of Drp-1 and Fis-1 after MPP⁺ treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion SalB can protect PC12 cels against MPP⁺-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, probably through regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial fusion related proteins.

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no effective protective treatment,characterized by a massive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SNpc) and the subsequent loss of their projecting nerve fibers in the striatum.The major neurochemical manifestation of this disorder is the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine(DA) in the striatum as a result of the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.There have been significant progresses in recent years reporting on the use of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in gene therapy,with specific application towards PD.MSCs,a kind of multipotent adult progenitor cells,are considered as a useful vehicle for cell and gene therapy because of their multiple differentiation potentiality and self-transplantation.The present study was focused on treating rat model of PD using human tyrosine hydroxylase gene(hTH),human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene(hAADC) and human GT Pcyclohydrolase I gene(hGCH-I) engineered MSCs,in order to provide a better understanding about the application of these cells in the therapeutic benifit of PD.The gene of hTH,hAADC and hGCH-I were introduced via recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV) infection into the MSCs in vitro.The genetically modified MSCs expressing hTH,hAADC and hGCH-I were transplanted into the striatum of PD rat models.The behavior,the nigra-striatal level of DA and its metabolite were detected.The results of present study were shown as follows:hTH,hAADC,hGCH-I and LacZ gene were transfected into MSCs with adeno-associated virus vectors.The HEK293 packaging cells(ATCC) were transfected with the plasmids of pAAV-hTH,pAAV-hAADC,pAAV-hGCH-I,pAAV-LacZ,pAAV-RC,pHelper by using calcium phosphate precipitation.Titer was detected using HT1080 cells.Viral particles were collected and used to infect MSCs.The purified modified MSCs expressing the three kinds of genes were selected separately and were grafted in the striatum of the PD model rats in the lesion side.The MSCs genetically modified suvived well 12 weeks after transplantation.The improvements of the behavior were observed every week after transplantation.Compared with the control group,the rounds of asymmetric rotation after apomorphine administration decreased in the groups double or triple genes engineered MSCs grafted(p