PURPOSE: The solid variety of cerebella r tumors in adult is relatively uncommon. This study is to describe the characteristic MR findings of various solid cerebellar tumors in adult. METHODS: Twenty three cerebellar solid tumors from 22 consecutive patients over age of 15 with surgical confirmations were retrospectively evaluated with MR imaging. H istologic diagnosis included hemangioblastoma (n=6), metastasis (n=6), high-grade astrocytoma (n=3), and medulloblastoma (n=8). The MR findings were reviewed with attention to the size, the signal intensity of the tumors, pattern of enhancement, tumoral margin, degree of peritumoral edema, signal void vascular structures within and/or around the tumor, and location in relation to attachment to the pial surface of the tumor. RESULTS: Solid hemangioblastomas consistently showed slightly low or iso signal intensity on T1 -weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images, dense homogeneous enhancement, and signal void vessels within and/or around the mass. Metastatic tumors showed various find ings with predominantly low or iso signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Medulloblastomas was midline and/or paramidline in location, and had larger mass formation. High-grade astrocytomas revealed nonspecific MR findings with no signal void vessels. CONCLUSION: Hemangioblastoma, metastasis, malignant astrocytoma, and medulloblastoma should be included in differential diagnosis of solid cerebellar tumors in adult. Dense homogeneous enhancement and signal void vessels are characteristic of hemangioblastoma. The signal intensity of the tumor, and presence of signal void vessels, location and enhancement pattern can be some value in differential diagnosis of solid cerebellar tumors in adult.
Adult* ; Astrocytoma ; Cerebellar Neoplasms* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema ; Hemangioblastoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medulloblastoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies

Metastatic tumor to the eye is the most common type of intraocular malignancy. The most common primary site of the intraocular metastatic tumor is the breast in women and the lung in men respectively and the choroid is by far the most common site for intraocular metastasis. We experienced a case of chroidal metastasis in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma which is not published in Korea. So, we review that case with the literatures related with metastatic pancreatic cancer to the choroid.
Breast ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms

Metastatic tumor to the eye is the most common type of intraocular malignancy. The most common primary site of the intraocular metastatic tumor is the breast in women and the lung in men respectively and the choroid is by far the most common site for intraocular metastasis. We experienced a case of chroidal metastasis in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma which is not published in Korea. So, we review that case with the literatures related with metastatic pancreatic cancer to the choroid.
Breast ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: There are few reports in Korean literature on the diagnostic efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy. This study examined the diagnostic value of FNAC on cervical lymphadenopathy in children. METHODS: Data from 57 pediatric patients(aged 0.3 to 14 years) who underwent FNAC due to cervical lymphadenopathy between January 2001 and March 2005 was reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Reactive cervical lymphadenitis was the most common result of the FNAC(52.5 percent). Malignant disease were revealed in 14 percent of all cases. The sensitivity, specificity was 86 percent and 96 percent, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for malignant disease was 75 percent and 98 percent, respectively. There were two false-positive cases on FNAC; one case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and another with infectious mononucleosis. A false-negative case on FNAC was found to be acute lymphocytic leukemia. In seven cases(12 percent), the final diagnosis was confirmed by an open biopsy after the FNAC. There were four FNAC cases where the specimen was not satisfactory for making a diagnosis(7 percent). There were no serious complications of the FNAC procedure. CONCLUSION: FNAC had a high diagnostic efficacy for evaluating children with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Neck ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Alternative medicines may be defined as forms of therapy or examination that have no scientific basis and where no effect or diagnostic reliability have been demonstrated by scientific methods. Many patients with atopic dermatitis try various forms of alternative medicine, and several studies about the use of alternative medicine in the patients of atopic dermatitis were performed in western countries but not in Korea. OBJECT: This study was performed to evaluate the use of alternative medicine in atopic dermatitis patients. METHODS: 188 patients of atopic dermatitis attending our outpatient clinic responded to questionnaires on the use of alternative medicine and the past history of atopic dermatitis. RESULTS: 136 of 188 patients(72%) reported previous or current use of one or more forms of alternative medicine. Herbal remedies(32.4%) were used most frequently, and health food preparations, spa therapy, and diet changes were also commonly used. The most common motif of using alternative medicine was "just want to try every possible treatment"(48.6%) and main information sources were people without same skin disease(relatives and friends)(50.0%). The majority(75.2%) reported they do not use the alternative medicine now because of the poor result. The use of the alternative medicine was related to the disease duration, and the cost of the atopic dermatitis treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The use of alternative medicine in atopic dermatitis is commonplace and should be of concern to dermatologists.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Complementary Therapies ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diet ; Food, Organic ; Humans ; Korea ; Skin ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare three methods of hernioplasty: high ligation (HL), tissue repair (TR), and tension free (TF) and to determine the usefulness of high ligation for repair of indirect inguinal hernia in young adults. METHODS: One hundred thirty two patients who were under the age of 25 and who underwent repair of their inguinal hernia between January 2001 and December 2005 were reviewed retrospectively by using their inpatient and outpatient records and phone calls. Sixty seven, 23 and 42 patients underwent HL, TR and TF, respectively. The clinical features that were analyzed included location, type, signs and symptoms, operation method, complications and recurrence. RESULTS: The operation times were (mean+/-SD) 46.2+/-19.1, 56.0+/-11.5, and 61.8+/-14.9 minutes for HL, TR and TF, respectively. For the post-operative complications, there was 1 case of wound infection (1.5%) and 1 case of scrotal hematoma (1.5%) for HL; 1 case of wound infection (4.4%) and 1 case of scrotal swelling (4.4%) for TR; 3 cases of wound infection (7.0%), 2 cases of scrotal swelling (4.7%), 1 cases of intermittent pain (2.3%) and 1 case of scrotal hematoma (2.3%) for TF. Two patients in the HL group had recurrences, but there was no recurrence in the TR and TF groups. CONCLUSION: High ligation hernioplasty in young adults showed a shorter operation time, but there were no differences in the rate of complications between the methods. In the case of recurrence, it can be corrected by performing tissue repair or tension free hernioplasty because the normal anatomy may be preserved even after operation. Therefore, high ligation hernioplasty proved to be a useful method for repair of indirect inguinal hernia in young adults. In contrast, for the recurred or older age patients, tissue repair or tension free hernioplasty may be a more useful method.
Hematoma ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Ligation* ; Outpatients ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Wound Infection ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Interleukin (IL)-10 is a major regulator of innate immunity. It interferes with the production of inflammatory mediators by reacting with polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. In addition, it also up-regulates the ex-pression of molecules that amplify the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10. This study tested the hypothesis that injection of various concentrations of exogenous IL-10 in the middle ear cleft can inhibit the acute stage of otitis media induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). And if so, the level of concentration for inhibition can be determined. MATERIALS AND METHOD: IL-10 and/or LPS were injected transtympanically into the middle ear cavity of normal mice. Histopathological measurement of submucosal thickness and num-ber of inflammatory cell infiltration was performed at 24 hours after inoculation of IL-10 and/or LPS. RESULTS: At 24 hours after inoculation, every group of IL-10 inoculation reduced both thickening of the mucous and submucosal infiltration of inflammatory cells in a dose-dependent manner. As the concentrations of IL-10 inoculated increased, mucosal thickness and submucosal infiltration of inflammatory cells were more reduced. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that exogenous IL-10 injection into the middle ear can directly reduce LPS-induced otitis media in acute stage in a dose-dependent manner. These findings also indicate that IL-10 may be a candidate for local modulator of acute otitis media.
Animals ; Ear, Middle ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukins ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Otitis ; Otitis Media

Migrant workers face challenging working conditions, resulting in physical and mental vulnerability. The objective is to identify their health vulnerabilities and ensure their right to health. Health records of 163 migrant workers (113 males and 50 females) (Group A) and 163 Korean citizens (Group B) visiting our institution were analyzed from August 2021 to July 2022. Both groups underwent urine analysis, chest radiography, and various blood tests. Statistical analysis using independent t-tests and χ2 tests was performed. Group A had a significantly higher rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive patients, lower vaccination rates for hepatitis B, and poorer nutritional status compared to Group B. Group B generally exhibited higher levels of albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, and thyroidstimulating hormone. There were significant quantitative differences in multiple blood cell and hemoglobin measurements between the two groups. These findings emphasize the need for policy support and public awareness to protect the health rights of migrant workers.

PURPOSE: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics ofpatients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy(RRP), and these patients had clinically localized prostate cancer and a preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA) level >or=20ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 266 patients who underwent RRP without any prior neoadjuvant therapy between March 2004 and March 2006, 29 patients had clinically localized prostate cancer and a preoperative serum PSA level >or=20ng/ml. We analyzed several clinicopathologic factors that might predict organ-confined disease. RESULTS: Of the 29 patients, 11(37.9%) had organ-confined cancer. The level of serum PSA, the PSA density(PSAD), the Gleason score(3+4 or less), the prostate volume, tumor volume and the tumor percentage were significant factors for predicting organ-confined cancer(p<0.05). The number of the positive cores, the percentage of the core material that was positive, the sum of the tumor length of the positive core, tumor percent of the total core length and tumor percent of the positive core length were also significantly higher in the group with an extraprostatic extension of disease compared tothe organ-confined cancer group(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For the patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and a serum PSA level >or=20ng/ml, radical prostatectomy can be considered as the primary treatment for some cases that have a relatively lower PSA and PSAD, a biopsy Gleason score of 3+4 or less and low predictive volume of the tumor from the biopsy results.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

PURPOSE: To investigate the significance of various preoperative factors with regard to postoperative erectile function in Korean men undergoing a bilateral nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (BNSRRP), using the validated Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2004 and March 2005, 83 consecutive patients, who underwent a BNSRRP, with preoperative IIEF-5 scores greater than 13, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were asked to answer the IIEF-5 questionnaire during the preoperative period and 1 year postoperatively. The responses were stratified on the basis of the clinical characteristics and the preoperative predictive factors for regaining a normal erectile function (NEF: IIEF-5 score> or =18) investigated. RESULTS: At the baseline, 56 patients (67.5%) had NEF. At the 1 year follow-up after the BNSRRP, 58 (70.5%) patients reported a return of a sufficient erection for sexual intercourse, with or without oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, but 37 (44.6%) patients regained a NEF. Of these 37 patients, 15 (40.5%) were able to spontaneously regain a NEF, but 22 (59.5%) needed the help of oral PDE5 inhibitors. When the patients were divided according to postoperative NEF and erectile dysfunction (ED: 14< or =IIEF-5 score<18), the preoperative IIEF-5 score was the only significant factor for predicting postoperative NEF after a BNSRRP in univariate (p=0.018) and multivariate analyses [p=0.030, odds ratio: 3.482, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.125-10.774]. Changes in the IIEF-5 score after a BNSRRP significantly decreased for those with preoperative NEF compared with ED ( 6.1+/-5.24 vs. 9.1+/-7.34, p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that preoperative erectile function, as assessed using the IIEF-5 questionnaire, was an independent variable for predicting the recovery of erectile function after a BNSRRP when performed in Korean men.
Coitus ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Preoperative Period ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies