No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologies of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) are epidural adhesion& fibrosis; arachnoiditis, neural encroachment, mechanical instability. Epidural adhesiolysis alleviate back pain through blocking the neural activity of scar area and decreasing the inflammation & edema. There are two methods of adhesiolysis, endoscopic & non-endoscopic adhesiolysis. Present study was aimed to compare the pain relief & side effects between two methods. METHODS: We investigated 86 post-laminectomy patients with low back pain and radiculopathy, who do not relieved with any kinds of conservative treatment. Nerve pathology was demonstrated and epidural fibrosis suspected or proved with MRI examination. Group I was consisted with non-endoscopic 41 patients, and Group II was endoscopic 45 patients. Evaluation included assessment of pain relief (visual analogue scale, VAS), rate of reprocedures and duration of pain relief (VAS < 5) at post-epidural adhesiolysis 2 week, and 1, 2, 6 months. We also looked for complication of adhesiolysis. RESULTS: Statistical analysis (t-test, chisquared test) demonstrated VAS & reprocedure rate was significantly low (P < 0.05) in group II at 6 month and duration of pain relief (VAS < 5) was more prolonged in group II. One patient in each groups complained skin eruption and pruritus, and one patient of group II was proved epidural abscess and one patient of group I complained headache. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic and non-endoscopic epidural adhesiolysis are effective and safe in patients, who was not relieved the symptoms with conservative treatment, but endoscopic epidural adhesiolysis is more recommendable because its more prolonged effect.
Arachnoid ; Arachnoiditis ; Back Pain ; Cicatrix ; Edema ; Epidural Abscess ; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ; Fibrosis ; Headache ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathology ; Pruritus ; Radiculopathy ; Skin

No abstract available.
Blood Group Incompatibility* ; Bromelains*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cerebellum* ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate* ; Inositol* ; Rats*

Apert described acrocephalosyndactly as a clinical entity in 1906. The classic description of this syndrome includes patient with a combination of acrocephaly and syndactyly of either fingers, toes or both. More than 200 cases have been reported in the world literature. Authors experienced on case of the classic pattern of Apert syndrome and treated surgically for syndactyly. This one case was reported on this paper with brief review of the relevant literatures.
Acrocephalosyndactylia ; Craniosynostoses ; Fingers ; Humans ; Syndactyly ; Toes

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mortality and neurologic outcomes with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: Patients with PCAS after OHCA admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2014 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: total of 104 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 54.4 ± 15.3 years, and 75 of the patients were male (72.1%). Arrest with a cardiac origin was found in 55 (52.9%). LVEF < 45%, 45-55%, and > 55% was measured in 39 (37.5%), 18 (17.3%), and 47 (45.2%) of patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, severe LV dysfunction (LVEF < 45%) was significantly related to 7-day mortality (odds ratio 3.02, 95% Confidence Interval 1.01-9.0, p-value 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, moderate to severe LVEF within 48 hours after return of spontaneous circulation was significantly related to 7-day short-term mortality in patients with PCAS after OHCA. Clinicians should actively treat myocardial dysfunction, and further studies are needed.
Echocardiography ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Mortality* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke Volume*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

Objective: We aimed to investigate the annual prevalence of intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorder employing claims data registered in Korean National Health Insurance Service. We also estimated the annual average of medical costs incurred from these disorders using same datasets. Methods: In order to obtain the prevalence, we selected patients diagnosed with ID and pervasive and specific developmental disorders (PDD) from 2007 to 2019. The ensuing annual average of medical costs was also estimated from these patients. Results: The annual prevalence of ID and PDD (per 100,000) between 2007 and 2019 ranged from 56.7 to 78.6 and from 22.0 to 44.6 respectively. Regarding the annual average of total medical expenditure per a patient, the expenditure of the ID group was higher than that of PDD throughout the years, as shown that the ID expenditure ranged from 769.7 to 1,501.2 US dollars as opposed to the PDD expenditure in the range of 312.5 to 570.7 US dollars. The further comparison in relation to income levels elaborated that the medical aid beneficiary group constitutes the highest one and the difference of the expenditure across the remaining income groups was not prominent although the very low group generally ranked the highest over the years. Conclusion The prevalence of ID and PDD constantly increased and the same trend was displayed in ensuing health expenditures throughout the period. This implies that increasing needs exist across these patients with regards to therapeutic interventions, thereby contributing to prioritizing medical policies on national perspectives.

Background: We aimed to investigate the annual incidence of trauma and stress-related mental disorder including acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the National Health Insurance Service Database. In addition, we estimated direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea. Methods: To examine the incidence, we selected patients who had at least one medical claim containing a 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems code for ASD (F43.0) and PTSD (F43.1) and had not been diagnosed in the previous 360 days, from 2010 to 2017. We estimated annual incidence and the number of newly diagnosed patients of ASD and PTSD. Annual prevalence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD were also estimated. Results: The number of newly diagnosed cases of ASD and PTSD from 2011 to 2017 totaled 38,298 and 21,402, respectively. The mean annual incidence of ASD ranged from 8.4 to 13.7 per 100,000 population and that of PTSD ranged from 4.2 to 8.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of ASD was found more in females and was highest among the 70–79 years of age group and the self-employed individuals group. The incidence of PTSD was also more common in the female group. However, the incidence of PTSD was highest in the 60–69 years of age group and in the medical aid beneficiaries group. The annual estimated medical cost per person of ASD ranged from 104 to 149 US dollars (USD). In addition, that of PTSD ranged from 310 to 426 USD. Conclusion From 2011 to 2017, the annual incidence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea were increased. Proper information on ASD and PTSD will not only allows us to accumulate more knowledge about these disorders themselves but also lead to more appropriate therapeutic interventions by improving the ability to cope with these trauma related psychiatric sequelae.