No abstract available.
Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-4* ; Mice*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Phototherapy ; Psoriasis

The origins of medullary carcinoma and papillary carcinoma of thyroid are embryologically different. We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of medullary carcinoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in the same thyroid gland. In this case, the occurrence of the two tumors may be a coincidence, does not have embryological or genetical significance.
Carcinoma, Medullary ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Thyroid Gland*

We report a case of woolly hair. Woolly hair is found frequently in most blacks but is unusual in individuals of non-negroid origin. A 12-year-old female patient visited our clinic complaining of a hair abnormality. It had been tightly curled, fine, light brown, short and easily broken since birth. On scanning electron microscopy, many of the hairs showed damaged cuticles with cuticular splintering, and most hair shafts were round to oval on cross sectional examination.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Female ; Hair* ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Parturition

PURPOSE: MRI is known to display the anatomy of the larynx in excellent detail with its remarkable soft tissue delineation and multiplanar imaging capability. We evaluate the accuracy of MRI in diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen cases with pathologically proved squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were reviewed, retrospectively. The examination was performed with a 0.5 T superconductive MR system and C1 surface coil. Axial, sagittal and coronal plane with T1WI(TR/TE 450/20) and T2WI(TR/TE 18OO/80) were done. RESULTS: Eleven cases with glottic cancer(5 Tla, 3 Tlb, 1 T3 and 2 T4) and 5 cases with supraglottic cancer (1 T1, 1 T3 and 1 T4) were included. Cancer tissue showed intermediate signal intensity on TIWI and high signal intensity on T2Wl. Among 16 cases, 13 cases were correctly staged and 3 cases were overstaged due to edema caused by previous biopsy, partial volume averaging effect of abutted lesion, or surrounding inflammation. CONCLUSION: MRI is an useful modality for diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, especially in evaluation of paraglottic extention on coronal image and cartilage invasion.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cartilage ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Inflammation ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Larynx ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

Objectives: We analyzed theta-band phase synchrony (TBPS) under reduced and ordinary flicker lighting to determine the effect of light flickers on neurocognitive processes. Methods: Nineteen healthy participants (mean age, 30.4±4.5 years; male, 63.2%) performed the Sternberg working memory tasks with event-related potential recording under reduced and control flicker conditions, respectively. We measured the P300 amplitude during memory retrieval, and for TBPS analysis, we calculated the weighted phase lag index within the P300 time window. Furthermore, we used standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to determine differences in functional cortical source connectivity between the two flicker conditions. Results: The hit rate (F1,18=0.862, p=0.365), reaction time (F1,18=0.021, p=0.887), and P300 amplitude (F1,18=3.992, p=0.061) did not differ between the two flicker conditions. However, connectivity analysis at the scalp level showed that TBPS under reduced flicker lighting was significantly higher than that under control flicker lighting at higher memory loads (p=0.002). Cortical source imaging with sLORETA confirmed that reduced flicker lighting significantly increased TBPS between the left prefrontal cortex and right hippocampus compared with control flicker lighting (false discovery rate<0.1). Conclusions Reduced flicker lighting enhanced TBPS during the working memory task compared with control flicker lighting. Reduced flicker light may improve cognitive functioning by facilitating information transfer within the brain network. Flicker conditions should be considered when optimizing lighting, especially in environments demanding high-level cognitive performance.

Objectives: We analyzed theta-band phase synchrony (TBPS) under reduced and ordinary flicker lighting to determine the effect of light flickers on neurocognitive processes. Methods: Nineteen healthy participants (mean age, 30.4±4.5 years; male, 63.2%) performed the Sternberg working memory tasks with event-related potential recording under reduced and control flicker conditions, respectively. We measured the P300 amplitude during memory retrieval, and for TBPS analysis, we calculated the weighted phase lag index within the P300 time window. Furthermore, we used standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to determine differences in functional cortical source connectivity between the two flicker conditions. Results: The hit rate (F1,18=0.862, p=0.365), reaction time (F1,18=0.021, p=0.887), and P300 amplitude (F1,18=3.992, p=0.061) did not differ between the two flicker conditions. However, connectivity analysis at the scalp level showed that TBPS under reduced flicker lighting was significantly higher than that under control flicker lighting at higher memory loads (p=0.002). Cortical source imaging with sLORETA confirmed that reduced flicker lighting significantly increased TBPS between the left prefrontal cortex and right hippocampus compared with control flicker lighting (false discovery rate<0.1). Conclusions Reduced flicker lighting enhanced TBPS during the working memory task compared with control flicker lighting. Reduced flicker light may improve cognitive functioning by facilitating information transfer within the brain network. Flicker conditions should be considered when optimizing lighting, especially in environments demanding high-level cognitive performance.