PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between radiation-induced activation of DNA repair genes and radiation induced apoptosis in A431 cell line. MATERALS AND METHODS: Five and 25 Gys of gamma radiation were given to A431 cells by a Cs-137 cell irradiator. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. The expression of DNA repair genes was evaluated by both Northern and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased with the increased radiation dose. It increased most significantly at 12 hours after irradiation. Expression of p53, p21, and hRAD50 reached the highest level at 12 hours after 5 Gy irradiation. In response to 25 Gy irradiation, hRAD50 and p21 were expressed maximally at 12 hours, but p53 and GADD45 genes showed the highest expression level after 12 hours. CONCLUSION: Induction of apoptosis and DNA repair by ionizing radiation were closely correlated. The peak time of inducing apoptosis and DNA repair was 12 hours in this study model. hRAD50, a recently discovered DNA repair gene, was also associated with radiation-induced apoptosis.
Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; DNA Repair* ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Gamma Rays ; Humans* ; Propidium ; Radiation, Ionizing

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Humans

Dieulafoy's vascular malformation is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Most often it occurs in stomach within 6 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. Only a few cases have been reported to occur in the small intestine and colon. Occasionally, Dieulafoy's lesion of small intestine is difficult to recognize because of rarity, a paucity of symptoms and negative findings on barium studies. Therefore, this lesion needs to be considered in a patient with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of Dieulafoy's vascular malformation in ileum 2 m proximal to ileocecal value in a 41-year-old woman who visited emergency clinic because of hematemesis, dizziness and vomiting. Small intestine revealed a wide-caliber artery within the submucosa showing intimal thickening, medial muscular hypertrophy and thrombosis.
Adult ; Arteries ; Barium ; Colon ; Dizziness ; Emergencies ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Female ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ileum* ; Intestine, Small ; Stomach ; Thrombosis ; Vascular Malformations* ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Female ; Meigs Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Learning*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Learning Disorders* ; Learning*

Pyogenic arthritis remain a difficult problem, despite the availability of a wide range of powerful modernantibiotics. Early and correct diagnosis is imperative to assure the prompt initiation of an effective therapeuticregimen and the prevent of late sequela. Careful clinical, laboratory and roentgenological analysis arefundamental to early and precise diagnosis. Therefore, plain roentgenogram shold not be overlooked. A radiologicaland clinical observation was made in 51 cases of pyogenic arthritis admittted to Chosun University Hospital duringthe period from January 1976 to Dec. 1983 and following results were obtained. 1. Among the 51 cases, 36 cases(70.6%) were male and 15 cases(29.4%) were females. The most prevalent age was 5 to 9 (27.6%). 2. Symptom durationless than 5 days was in 21 cases (41.2%) and more than 31 days was in 6 cases (11.7%). 3. The most common symptomon admission was pain around the involved joint and others are limitation of motion, swelling, tenderness, fever,local heating and erythema. 4. The underlying causes were composed of unknown in 21 cases(41.2%), trauma in 18cases(35.3%), infections focus in 8 cases (15.7%) and iatrogenic reasone 4 cases(7.8%) 5. The msot commonlyaffected joint was hip joint (45.1%). The other affected sites in order of frequency were knee, ankle, shoulder,S-I and elbow joint. In infants and children, hip and knee joint are commonly affected; In adults, knee joint ismost commonly affected. 6. In laboratory findings, the number of W.B.C and E.S.R were increased in 56.9%. Symptomduration more than 31 days in 5 cases were increased E.S,R only. Causative microorganism was isolated in 31 cases;the most common microorganism was Staphylococcus auterus in 22 cases. Others are B-hemolytic Streptococcus,Enterobacteriaceae species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 7. In 26 cases(50.9%) of the patients, roentgenographicfinding was negative. The most common radiological findig was soft tissue swelling and the others are include inorder of frequency: joint space widening, small erosions in articular cortex, subchondral osteoporosis. The comonradiological findings of symptom duration more than 31 days in 6 cases were lost of entire cortex, ankylosis andjoint space narrwoing.
Adult ; Ankle ; Ankylosis ; Arthritis ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Elbow Joint ; Erythema ; Female ; Heating ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infant ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus

BACKGROUND: Head injury is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits and hospital admission in the pediatric populations, and most injuries are mild. In mild head injury, grading of severity and decision of hospital admission are difficult in the emergency department. Recent studies have suggested that patients with a normal head CT scan and neurologic exam following head injury can be safely discharged from the emergency department. However, previous studies have relied on incomplete patient follow-up and been limited for the most part to adult population. So we performed this study to assess clinical course and the incidence of significant CNS sequelae in children with a normal head CT scan and no focal neurologic sign after mild head injuries during hospital admission and follow-up for 1 month. METHODS: We reviewal the records of children(n=209) admitted to the department of emergency medicine with closed head injuries from Jan. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 1996, who's initial Glasgow Coma Scale was 13 to 15, and have no focal neurologic sign and a normal head CT scan. RESULT: 209 patients were studied with a mean age of 6.8(range 3 months to 15years), and 66.5% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were pedestrian T.A(50.2%) and fall(11.5%). Patients had a mean Glasgow coma scale of 14.8 and mean Abbreviated Injury Score of 1.3. Patients had clinical symptoms of headache(49.3%), vomiting(44.5%), loss of consciousness(LOC)(29.6%), amnesia(10.0%), sleepiness(8.6%), irritability(8.6%), confusion(2.9%) and seizure(1.9%). The mean duration of admission was 4.3 days(range: 6 hours-20 days) and the mean duration of symptom was 36.4 hours. No child developed significant CNS sequelae during hospital admission. However, during hospital admission, aye children(all were preschooler) had psychologic complication ; one child developed post-traumatic stress disorder requiring psychologic treatment for 3 months. Three children developed enuresis and two children developed night terror. During 1 month fallow-up, one child developed a symptomatic hemorrhagic contusion 5 days after the head injury, not requiring neurosurgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Among children with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 13 to 15, a normal head CT scan and no focal neurologic sign after mild head injuries, delayed intracranial sequelae are extremely uncommon. So these patient may be discharged home with parental supervision and education for dose observation.
Adult ; Child* ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medicine* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Enuresis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Organization and Administration ; Parents ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

The major reason for the chronic graft loss is chronic rejection. The only predictive factor for chronic rejection is a prior acute rejection episode resulting in a poorer long-term outcome. Also the number of acute rejection episodes is a strong predictor of long-term allograft failure. This study evaluated the impact of a first acute rejection episode and the severity of the rejection and the number of acute rejection episodes on allograft survival. Total of 136 renal transplant were performed between August 1987 to January 1996 at Wonkwang university hospital, and we studied 108 renal transplants that were followed for a minimum of 1.5 years. Acute allograft rejection was mainly diagnosed by clinical evaluation and laboratory data. Transplant patients were divided into three groups according to the time to the first acute rejection; no rejection (group I, n=44); acute rejection during the first 6 months (group II, n=42), acute rejection after 6 months (group III, n=22) and divided into four groups according to the number of acute rejection episodes; no rejection (Group A, n=44), one time (Group B, n=24), two times (Group C, n=23), and more than three times (Group D, n=17). Five-year allograft survival rate for group I-III was 96.4%, 82.7%, 58.5%, respectively (p<0.05 for each comparison to group I). Later acute rejection episodes were associated with worse response to rejection therapy and Group III had higher serum creatinine concentration after rejection therapy than Group II (2.46 1.13 mg/dl vs 1.19 0.7 mg/dl, p<0.05). Five-year allograft survival rate for group A-D was 93.4%, 73.2%, 57.4%, 74.5%, respectively, Group A shows higher graft survival rate, but there was not significant difference in long-term allograft survival among Group B-D. We conclude that late occurrence of a first acute rejection portends a worse prognosis for long-term allograft survival and decreases response to rejection therapy and results in poor graft function. Prevention of later rejection may require a broader focus, with additional efforts directed at improving patient compliance and renal allograft monitoring.
Allografts ; Creatinine ; Graft Survival* ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Patient Compliance ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Transplants*