No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-4* ; Mice*

BACKGROUND: The stratum corneum presents a significant barrier to transdermal drug delivery. Approaches to improve percutaneous absorption of drugs have included iontophoresis and skin penetration enhancers. Oleic acid has been studied as a skin penetration enhancer for drugs, primarily via its action mainly on the stratum corneum lipid structure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the interaction between oleic acid and stratum corneum lipids in vivo. METHODS: Male hairless mice were treated topically with oleic acid. Barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss measurement and ultrastructural observation with ruthenium tetroxide (RuO₄) staining. RESULTS: Oleic acid in propylene glycol had a profound effect on epidermal barrier function and was found to be concentration dependent. Moreover, ultrastructural examination with RuO4 post-fixation demonstrated that there were marked alterations in the stratum corneum lipid structure. CONCLUSION: This study provides direct evidence that oleic acid increases the epidermal permeability through a mechanism involving the stratum corneum lipid membrane perturbation via the lacunae formation within the stratum corneum.
Animals ; Humans ; Iontophoresis ; Male ; Membranes ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Oleic Acid* ; Permeability ; Propylene Glycol* ; Ruthenium ; Skin ; Skin Absorption ; Water

An accurate and relatively simple method for estimating the amount of acute blood loss is essential in the hemorrhagic shock patients. Conventional physiologic parameters, blood pressure, pulse rate and CVP, could not serve for evaluation of the adequate oxygen transport in the tissue. Pulmonary artery catheter is a best tool for evaluating the cardiopulmonary function and the oxygen transport system, and mixed venous oxygen saturation(SvO2) monitoring have made a great advances for early detection of cardiovascular dysfunction and the changes in peripheral tissue oxygenation. But pulmonary artery catheterization is complicated procedure in emergency setting. Although the central venous oxygen saturation(ScvO2) cannot completely replace the SvO2 value, it has a close relation with SvO2 change in variable clinical situations. We testify the usefulness of ScvO2 monitoring in 24 patients of the hemorrhagic shock. Initial resuscitation was performed with ATLS standard and continuous ScvO2 was monitored. Systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded for one hour from initial resuscitation in each 15 minutes. Nineteen patient was traumatic hemorrhagic shock and five was non traumatic. Twelve of 19 patients was blunt trauma, and remains were stab in injury mechanism. Mortality rate was 29.2%. Initial ScvO2 of nonsurvivor was 43.6%, and 51.3% in survivor groups(p>0.05). In the group of stab wound and non-traumatic hemorrhage, the ScvO2 was gradually increase by time. But ScvO2 in survivors of blunt trauma was increased first 30 minutes and decrease afterthen. Continuous monitoring of ScvO2 may by partly useful in resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock. It is more valuable in the blunt trauma than in the penetrating injury or non-traumatic hemorrhage.
Blood Pressure ; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz ; Catheters ; Emergencies ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Oxygen* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Hemorrhagic* ; Survivors ; Wounds, Stab

No abstract available.
Colonoscopy* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: We evaluated oncologic outcomes of chondrosarcomas and analyzed the disease-free survival rate of chondrosarcomas according to the various factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study for the disease-free survival rate of 48 chondrosarcomas, 44 of which underwent surgical treatment and followed up more than 18 months since 1993, and in the remaining 4 cases, the patients died before 18 months after surgery. The vsariables were location, tumor volume, histologic grade, stage, age at presentation and treatment performed. The mean follow up period was 43.8 months (1-196 months). RESULTS: The overall disease-free survival rate was 77.1% at mean 43.8 month follow up. The 5 year- and 10 year disease-free survival rates were 64% and 58% respectively. The histologic grade, stage, age at presentation revealed statistical significance on disease-free survival. All 9 patients treated with extended curettage for grade 1 central chondrosarcomas revealed disease-free survival with excellent functional outcome. CONCLUSION: The disease-free survival rate of chondrosarcomas mainly depended on histologic grade, stage and age at presentation. Local recurrence and distant metastasis also revealed statistically significant differences of disease-free survival rate. Comparing to wide resection, extended curettage for low-grade central chondrosarcomas in extremities were efficient methods with similar survival rate and less functional losses and complications.
Chondrosarcoma ; Curettage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden

Congenital absence of the major salivary glands, especially of the parotid gland, is a rare disorder whose etiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Aplasia of the parotid glands may be unilateral or bilateral and may occur alone or in association with the absence of other salivary glands or with other developmental anomalies of the first branchial arch, such as hypoplasia or aplasia of the lacrimal glands, hemifacial microsomia, mandibulofacial dysostoses, and multiple congenital anomalies. Various degree of xerostomia and dental caries with early loss of teeth may occur due to decreased salivary production. The authors experienced a case of unilateral parotid aplasia in a 22-year old female who had painless swelling in the right parotid region. We present this case with review of literature.
Branchial Region ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Goldenhar Syndrome ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Mandibulofacial Dysostosis ; Parotid Gland ; Parotid Region ; Salivary Glands ; Tooth ; Xerostomia ; Young Adult

A clinical study was made on 26 children with miliary tuberculosis, who were admitted to the Pediatric department of Kyungpook national university hospital during the period of July, 1973 through June, 1978. Following results were obtained: There was no significant annual difference. However, the highest incidence was noted in the spring(46.2%). Children under the age of 6 were affected most frequently (76.9%), especially under the age of 1(30.8%). Contact history to a known tuberculous patients was noted in 23%(either parents or relatives), and BCG vaccination in younger age was given only in 23.1%. The chief complaints on admission, in order of frequency, were as follows: fever(42.3%), general weakness, dyspnea, coughing, headache, etc. And abnormalities on physical findings were hepatomegaly(53.8%), followed by auscultatory abnormality of the lung(42.3%), neurologic abnormality(42.3%), etc. Tiberculin test using 1 unit of PPD was positive in 36.4%. Hematologic abnormalities were as follow: ESR over 20mm/hr. in 44.4%, hemoglobin less than 11gm% in 53.8%, and increased leucocyte counts on peripheral blood over 10,000/cmm in 50%. AFB culture was positive in 17.6%. Among complications and associated diseases, tuberculous meningitis was the most common one, comprising 42.3%, and sucutaneous emphysema was seen in 2 cases. The mortality rate was 15.4%, 30.8%, in whom follow-up study was possible, showed in all of them improvement after triple therapy, and in most of them, miliary density on the chest x-ray disappeared within 4 months after initiation of antituberculous therapy.
Child ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Emphysema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Parents ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; Tuberculosis, Miliary* ; Vaccination

A statistical analysis of the diagnostic value for 244 aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) among a total 1,043 cases from various sites was performed. ABC, using diagnostic terminology similar to that of a surgical pathology reports, was compared to the final tissue diagnosis. For the entire series, a sensitivity of 91.8%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value of 98.9%, a negative predictive value of 94.8%, and an efficacy of the test of 96.3% were shown. There were 8 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8%. Those results indicate that the ABC is a considerably highly accurate procedure that should be routinely employed.
Biopsy, Needle ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies ; Meningioma ; Pathology, Surgical ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.