The authors reviewed the clinical findings and treatment results of 12 cases of spinal meningeal cysts which were detected in MRI of low back patients. In these lesions, large cysts without CSF communication can compressed the nerve roots within spinal canal and it is difficult to confirm the cause of symptom whether it is originated from cysts or from associated spinal disorders. The terms and classifications of spinal meningeal cysts were very confusing. Among 12 cases, we excised 3 cases of large cysts with gluteal and perianal pains that were caused by compressed sacral nerve roots. All three cases were type 2 cyst (classified by Nabors) and located in sacral canal. In one case associated with isthmic spondylolisthesis, posterolateral fusion and pedicle screw fixations were combined with cyst excision. In other two cases, there were not any spinal pathologic findings that compressed sacral nerve roots except mild degenerative changes and intervertebral disc herniation in lower lumbar and sacral levels All 3 excised cases showed good prognosis in more than one year follow up. The other cases were treated conservatively for the associated spinal disorders.
Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Canal ; Spondylolisthesis

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: Tc-99m-MIBI (MIBI) and Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin (TF) are commonly used for scintimammography (SMM). We compared the diagnostic ability of SMM using Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-TF for the differential diagnosis of breast mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects were comprised of 123 breast lesions and 86 normal breasts of 114 patients who underwent SMM. Bilateral prone images and anterior supine images were obtained at 5 minutes and 1 or 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq of either MIBI or TF. Sizes of tumors were not significantly different between the MIBI and TF groups. First, two observers independently read the SMM without clinical information (1st interpretation), then read again with information about mass location (2nd interpretation). Sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of breast cancer were evaluated in terms of image acquisition time, tumor size, and location. RESULTS: The SMM showed a good agreement between two observers for 1st and 2nd interpretation, except for TF SMM at 3 hr. For the first interpretation, the sensitivities at 5 min, 1 hr, and 3 hr were not significantly different between MIBI and TF SMM (81.6%, 80.0%, 60.9% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 80.6%, 42.9% in TF), although the senstivities of 3 hr images were significantly lower than 5 min images in both MIBI and TF SMM. The specificity of TF at 5 min was superior to that of MIBI (81.5%, 90.0%, 82.9% in MIBI vs. 96.7%, 100%, 90.0% in TF, p<0.01 MIBI vs. TF at 5 min). For the second interpretation with information of mass location, the sensitivities at 3 hr images were significantly lower than 5 min images (86.8%, 86.7%, 78.3% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 93.5%, 57.1% in TF) between MIBI and TF SMM. However, there was no significant difference in the specificity (60.0%, 53.8%, 75.0% for MIBI vs. 86.7%, 100%, 100% for TF). MIBI and TF SMM showed lower sensitivities for the tumors with less than 1 cm than tumors with more than 1 cm. However, the location of tumors did not influence the sensitivity and specificity between MIBI and TF SMM. CONCLUSION: The ability for the differential diagnosis of breast tumor is similar between MIBI and TF SMM, and delayed image is not necessary. TF may be better than MIBI considering the specificity of SMM without clinical information and labeling convenience.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Turner Syndrome* ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of monozygotic twinning after IVF-ET transfer. METHODS: Private practice in two different assisted reproductive technology clinics. RESULTS: Three intrauterine monozygotic twin pregnancies occurred after IVF-ET. One of them was complicated by cord entanglement, another is progressing normal pregnancy without complication and the other was had a normal pregnancy without complication and delivered twin by cesarean section. CONCLUSION: The reported prevalence of multiple gestations in IVF-ET is a approximately 30%, and it is only 2.7% to be monozygotic twinning in IVF-ET. We report three cases of monozygotic twining after IVF-ET.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Prevalence ; Private Practice ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Twinning, Monozygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic*

Human monoclonal antibodies have considerable potential in the prophylaxis and treatment of viral disease. By cloning human Ig gene segments from the B cells of volunteer into pComb3 phagemid vector, antibody library was created of filamentous phage particles displaying Fab fragments on their surface after being rescued with M13KO7 helper phages. The size of library was 7x10' pfu. Phage antibodies (phabs) were panned against biotinylated preS1 using streptavidine coated Dynabead. The soluble Fab antibodies were prepared from phagemid colonies and assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 3DW and SGW specific to preS1 which have both heavy and light chain to form Fab fragment, were selected. The soluble Fab antibody from 3DW was expressed highly at the concentration of 0.1 - 1.0 mM of IPTG, and 5 hours postinduction. The soluble antibodies from 3DW and SGW showed their relative affinities of 2x10' M ', and Sx10 M ', respectively, and the specificities to preS1 on ELISA. Our results suggest that antibody phage display library is very useful method to generate the human monoclonal antibody and that the human Fab monoclonal antibodies specific to preS1 selected in this study open the way to treat hepatitis B as a component of passive irnmunotherapeutics.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Streptavidin ; Virus Diseases ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis*

No abstract available.
Nephritis, Hereditary*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of problems for the management of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV) is the difficulty of determining the affected ear using Ewald's second law. The purpose of this study is to develop the new "Bow and Lean Test (BLT)" to determine easily the affected ear of HSC-BPPV and evaluate its efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We compared the efficiency between the classical method and BLT in 26 patients with HSC-BPPV. The classical method is based on Ewald??s second law comparing the intensity of nystagmus or symptoms in head roll test. BLT is based on the direction of both "bowing nystagmus" and "leaning nystagmus" at head's bowing and leaning state on sitting position. The affected ear is the same direction of bowing nystagmus in canalolithiasis and the same direction of leaning nystagmus in cupulolithiasis. RESULTS: In 26 patents (15 canalolithiasis, 11 cupulolithiasis), 3 (11.5%) patients did not show a prominent affected ear in the classical method, and 7 (26.9%) patients showed the different affected ear between two methods. All 10 patients were successfully treated with just one trial of barbecue rotation based on the affected ear in BLT. Three patients did not show any bowing or leaning nystagmus. The side with canal paresis in all 4 patients, who showed significant canal paresis in bithermal caloric tests, was equal to the affected ear based on BLT. CONCLUSION: "Bow and Lean Test" (also called "Choung's test") is a new method which can easily determine the affected ear of HC-BPPV.
Caloric Tests ; Ear ; Head ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Paresis ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of problems for the management of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV) is the difficulty of determining the affected ear using Ewald's second law. The purpose of this study is to develop the new "Bow and Lean Test (BLT)" to determine easily the affected ear of HSC-BPPV and evaluate its efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We compared the efficiency between the classical method and BLT in 26 patients with HSC-BPPV. The classical method is based on Ewald??s second law comparing the intensity of nystagmus or symptoms in head roll test. BLT is based on the direction of both "bowing nystagmus" and "leaning nystagmus" at head's bowing and leaning state on sitting position. The affected ear is the same direction of bowing nystagmus in canalolithiasis and the same direction of leaning nystagmus in cupulolithiasis. RESULTS: In 26 patents (15 canalolithiasis, 11 cupulolithiasis), 3 (11.5%) patients did not show a prominent affected ear in the classical method, and 7 (26.9%) patients showed the different affected ear between two methods. All 10 patients were successfully treated with just one trial of barbecue rotation based on the affected ear in BLT. Three patients did not show any bowing or leaning nystagmus. The side with canal paresis in all 4 patients, who showed significant canal paresis in bithermal caloric tests, was equal to the affected ear based on BLT. CONCLUSION: "Bow and Lean Test" (also called "Choung's test") is a new method which can easily determine the affected ear of HC-BPPV.
Caloric Tests ; Ear ; Head ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Paresis ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo*